CD44v6及nm23-H1表达与肝细胞癌侵袭转移

目的原位检测肝细胞癌(HCC)中CD44v6 mRNA及nm23-H1 mRNA的表达,了解CD44v6 mRNA及nm23-H1 mRNA的表达与HCC侵袭转移的关系,了解HCC中CD44v6 mRNA表达与nm23-H1 mRNA表达的相关性.方法采用PCR法合成CD44v6 cDNA探针,体外转录法合成nm23-H1 cRNA探针,采用原位杂交法检测HCC 33例 CD44v6 mRNA和nm23-H1 mRNA的表达.结果侵袭转移倾向高危组的10例HCC标本中,CD44v6 mRNA和nm23-H1 mRNA的阳性率分别为80.0%(8/10)和40.0%(4/10);侵袭转移倾向低危组的23例HCC标本中,CD44v6 mRNA和nm23-H1 mRNA的阳性率分别为21.7%(5/23)和91.3%(21/23).CD44v6 mRNA的表达与HCC的侵袭转移倾向具有正相关性(P＜0.01),nm23-H1 mRNA的表达与HCC的侵袭转移倾向具有负相关性(P＜0.01),CD44v6 mRNA及nm23-H1 mRNA的表达具有负相关性(P＜0.01).结论检测CD44v6 mRNA及nm23-H1 mRNA的表达可能成为HCC转移预后判断的指标.     

原发性肝细胞癌中CD44v6和nm23H1基因的转录表达及临床意义

研究CD44v6 mRNA和nm23H1 mRNA表达与肝细胞癌（HCC）侵袭转移和预后的关系。应用原位杂交方法，检测分析HCC组织中CD44v6 mRNA和nm23H mRNA表达。99例HCC中，CD44v6 mRNA和nm23H1 mRNA表达阳性率分别为41．4％和76．8％。CD44v6mRNA表达与nm23H1mRNA表达呈负相关。CD44v6和nm23HmRNA表达均与HCC侵袭转移倾向和预后相关。检测CD44v6和nm23H1表达有可能成为HCC 侵袭转移和预后判断的病理生物学指标。     

大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达及意义

目的 探讨大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达,分析其与大肠癌临床病理指标的关系。方法采用高敏感性催化信号放大免疫组化技术,检测78例大肠癌组织、20例癌旁组织和20例正常大肠组织中CD44v6表达水平。结果大肠癌组织中CD44v6阳性表达率为83．3％,癌旁组织中为40％,正常组织中为阴性,两两比较,P〈0．01;CD44v6阳性表达与大肠癌的临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移及远处转移和患者预后有关（P〈0．05）。结论CD44v6的表达与大肠癌的侵袭、转移有关,并在大肠癌发生、发展中发挥重要作用。大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达情况可作为判定其预后的新生物学指标。     

乳腺癌转移患者CD44v6变化及意义

采用免疫组化法检测乳腺癌患者原发灶及转移灶中黏附分子CD44v6、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）及雌激素受体（ER）的表达情况。结果显示，原发灶CD44v6及PCNA表达阳性细胞数及平均灰度均高于转移灶（P〈0．05）；转移灶中，CD44v6与PCNA表达呈正相关（r=0．54，P〈0．05）。提示CD44v6表达与乳腺癌转移有关，是判定其预后的有价值指标。     

CD15、CD44v6和CD54检测与肝癌复发转移的关系研究

探讨粘附因子CD15、CD44v6和CD54（ICAM-1）在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义。利用免疫组织化学染色对51例肝癌手术切除石蜡包埋标本进行CD15、CD44V6、CD54的检测。并结合临床病理指标（Edmondson分级、侵袭转移倾向）进行分析。CD15、CD44v6和CD54在侵袭转移倾向高危组中分别为40%、45%、55%,在低危组中分别为13%、19%、19%;CD15、CD44v6和CD54在HCCⅡ级中分别为10%、20%、20%,在IV级中分别30%、50%、50%。结论：CD15、CD44v6和CD54的异常表达与HCC分期和侵袭转移有关;利用CD15、CD44v6和CD54等预测肝癌的复发转移有可能是一种新的途径。     

食管癌组织中CD44v6基因转录表达意义

目的探讨CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白表达与食管癌病理生物学行为的关系,为观测食管癌侵袭转移潜能和评估胃癌患者预后寻求一个新的客观生物学指标.方法应用CSA法原位杂交和免疫组化技术,检测65例食管癌组织中CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白表达,并结合肿瘤的病理生物学行为和临床随访资料分析.结果在食管癌中CD44v6 mRNA和其蛋白表达阳性率分别为61.5%(40/65)和58.5%(38/65),其表达均与食管癌浸润,淋巴结转移和预后密切相关(P＜0.05).结论检测CD44v6表达可作为预测食管癌转移潜能和评估患者预后的一个新的生物学指标.     

胆囊癌组织中CD44v6和nm23的表达及其意义

目的研究胆囊癌组织中CD44v6、nm23蛋白表达及意义和两者之间的关系。方法用免疫组化的方法检测 36例胆囊癌和27例癌旁上皮组织中CD44v6和nm23蛋白的表达。结果胆囊癌组织中CD44v6和nm23的阳性率分别为41.7％和72.2％,均与癌旁上皮的阳性率有显著性差异:CD44v6的表达与胆囊癌的淋巴结转移呈正相关,而与组织学类型、临床分期无关;nm23的表达与胆囊癌的淋巴结转移、临床分期呈负相关,而与组织学类型无关。CD44v6和nm23蛋白的表达呈负相关。结论 CD44v6和nm23蛋白可能在胆囊癌的形成、淋巴结转移和病程进展等方面起着重要作用,且两者呈互相拮抗的关系,可作为判断胆囊癌侵袭和淋巴结转移的标记物。     

老年大肠癌患者外周血CD44v5、CD44v6表达及化疗对其影响

目的　研究老年大肠癌患者外周血CD44v5、CD44v6表达水平与血行转移的关系及化疗对其影响。方法　应用流式细胞仪检测 49例老年大肠癌患者手术前外周血CD44变异体 (CD44v5、CD44v6)表达水平 ,与健康老年人及非老年大肠癌患者进行对照 ,并在应用化疗后观察黏附分子表达水平的变化。结果　老年大肠癌组外周血CD44v5、CD44v6的表达水平分别为 1 0 71± 5 44、1 4 62± 6 34 ,明显高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1 ) ,与非老年大肠癌组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5)。CD44v5、CD44v6的表达水平与老年大肠癌患者肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移相关 ,老年大肠癌组肿瘤≥ 5cm、肿瘤浸润深度≥深肌层、淋巴结转移阳性患者外周血CD44v5、CD44v6的表达水平分别高于肿瘤 <5cm、肿瘤浸润深度 <深肌层、淋巴结转移阴性患者 (P <0 0 1、P <0 0 5、P <0 0 1 )。老年大肠癌患者化疗后外周血CD44v5、CD44v6表达水平较化疗前明显下降 (P<0 0 1 )。结论　黏附分子具有介导老年人大肠癌细胞血行转移的作用 ,化疗可降低老年大肠癌患者外周血CD44v5、CD44v6的表达水平 ,具有抗黏附和肿瘤转移作用     

黏附分子CD44在大肠癌中表达的临床意义

采用免疫组化法检测121例大肠癌患者肿瘤组织的CD44v6蛋白表达。结果在大肠癌中CD44v6表达阳性率为50．4％（61／121）,其中低分化者阳性率高于高分化者,淋巴结转移者高于无淋巴结转移者,Dukes分期D期者高于A期者（P〈0．05,〈0．01）。提示CD44v6表达阳性的大肠癌具有更强的浸润及淋巴结转移能力,CD44v6可作为判断大肠癌预后的一个重要指标。     

大肠癌组织RAB5A和CD44v9表达的意义

目的:探讨大肠癌组织RAB5A和CD44v9表达的意义．方法:应用SP免疫组化法检测43例大肠癌病理蜡块中RAB5A和CD44v9的蛋白质表达;取 60例大肠癌患者新鲜组织标本,提取RNA并逆转录合成cDNA,应用Real-time PCR法检测组织样本中RAB5A和CD44v9的基因表达;分析CD44v9和RAB5A的基因与蛋白质表达量与大肠癌分化及转移程度的相关性．结果:RAB5A蛋白表达阳性率为100％,阳性表达位于胞质和胞膜;CD44v9表达阳性率为 86．7％,阳性表达位于胞质;荧光定量PCR结果经熔解曲线分析各样本扩增产物的Tm值一致并与阳性对照的Tm值吻合．RAB5A cDNA 的表达量在高分化和中分化大肠癌组织中低于低分化大肠癌组织(P<0．01),在无淋巴结转移的大肠癌组织中低于有淋巴结转移的组织(P<0．01),而CD44v9 cDNA的表达趋势与 RAB5A相同;RAB5A与CD44v9的蛋白和基因表达均呈正相关(x2=14．532,P<0．01)．结论:RAB5A和CD44v9的表达与大肠癌的分化和转移有关,可能在跨膜信号传导和基质侵袭中共同发挥作用．     

Immunohistological patterns of myeloid antigens: tissue distribution of CD13, CD14, CD16, CD31, CD36, CD65, CD66 and CD67

Summary. A number of differentiation antigens on myeloid cells have been defined on the CD classification system by the four International Workshops on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens. The distribution of eight of these antigens (CD13, CD14, CD16, CD31, CD36, CD65, CD66, CD67) have been studied in human tissues, with the aim of documenting their immunohistological patterns and their degree of myeloid restriction. CD13, the most widely distributed antigen, was found in skin, bile canaliculi, kidney and pancreas. CD14 was not restricted to monocytes and tissue macrophages, being also strongly expressed on dendritic reticulum cells. CD 16 was expressed on granulocytes and tissue macrophages (alveolar and Kupffer cells) and in the red pulp of the spleen. CD31 and CD36 gave a characteristic staining of vascular endothelium, corresponding to their identification as the platelet glycoproteins gp IIa and gp IV. Antibodies against the most recently defined myeloid antigens (CD65, CD66 and CD67) appeared to be more specific for myeloid differentiation than previously described 'myeloid antigens'.     

急性脑梗死患者外周血CD4CD25 T细胞和CD4CD28~- T细胞的变化

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者外周血CD4CD25T细胞和CD4CD28-T细胞亚群的变化及意义。方法选择急性脑梗死患者22例(脑梗死组),另选取健康体检者18例(对照组);均采用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4CD25T细胞和CD4CD28-T细胞占CD4T细胞比例。结果脑梗死组外周血CD4CD25T细胞/CD4T细胞比例明显低于对照组[(41.14±9.92)%vs(49.01±12.19)%,P<0.05],而CD4CD28-T细胞/CD4T细胞比例明显高于对照组[(19.93±15.60)%vs(11.96±8.60)%,P<0.05]。结论急性脑梗死患者外周血CD4CD25T细胞比例减少,而CD4CD28-T细胞升高,两者共同作用,可能在脑梗死发生、发展中起重要作用。调节T淋巴细胞亚群可能是脑梗死的潜在治疗靶点。     

Proliferation and apoptosis of human CD8(+)CD28(+) and CD8(+)CD28(-) lymphocytes during aging

It is commonly believed that the age-related decrease in the ratio CD28(+)/CD28(-) among CD8(+) T cells reflects replicative senescence of the lymphocytes. To verify this claim we measured the proliferation of CD8(+)CD28(+) and CD8(+)CD28(-) subsets by flow cytometry after PHA treatment of mononuclear lymphocytes from donors of different age, including centenarians. The fraction of CD28(+) cells decreases from ca. 80 to 40% (young to centenarians, respectively) with increasing age of the donors. Stimulation by PHA results in an increase in the ratio of CD28(+) relative to CD28(-) in all age groups. We found that not only CD8(+)CD28(+) but also CD8(+)CD28(-) cells were capable of proliferation. Moreover, the fraction of proliferation-competent CD28(-) cells was higher in the older donors compared with the younger ones. While PHA treatment led to apoptosis (as measured by DNA content and caspase-3 activation) of more than 20% of all lymphocytes, in the CD8(+) subset only ca. 10% died, irrespective of their CD28 status. Altogether, we showed over-representation of proliferating CD8(+)CD28(-) cells in aged people, which might not be particularly prone to undergo apoptosis.     

Uncoupling CD21 and CD19 of the B-cell coreceptor

Complement receptors (CRs) CD21 and CD35 form a coreceptor with CD19 and CD81 on murine B cells that when coligated with the B-cell receptor lowers the threshold of activation by several orders of magnitude. This intrinsic signaling role is thought to explain the impaired humoral immunity of mice bearing deficiency in CRs. However, CRs have additional roles on B cells independent of CD19, such as transport of C3-coated immune complexes and regulation of C4 and C3 convertase. To test whether association of CR with CD19 is necessary for their intrinsic activation-enhancing role, knockin mice expressing mutant receptors, Cr2^Δ/Δgfp, that bind C3 ligands but do not signal through CD19 were constructed. We found that uncoupling of CR and CD19 significantly diminishes survival of germinal center B cells and secondary antibody titers. However, B memory is less impaired relative to mice bearing a complete deficiency in CRs on B cells. These findings confirm the importance of interaction of CR and CD19 for coreceptor activity in humoral immunity but identify a role for CR in B-cell memory independent of CD19.     

Circulating cytokines and soluble CD23, CD26 and CD30 in ANCA-associated vasculitides

OBJECTIVE: To assess circulating immunoregulatory cytokines and soluble surface markers of T and B cell activation in the plasma of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) during active and inactive disease, in order to establish their value in discriminating between disease entities and as markers of disease activity. METHODS: Plasma levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-gamma and soluble CD23, CD26 and CD30 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with WG (n = 21), CSS (n = 19) and MPA (n = 14) during active disease and remission. RESULTS: Concerning cytokines, no differences were observed for IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Plasma levels of IL-12 were decreased in all subgroups of patients. On the contrary, IL-10 levels were significantly elevated only in patients with CSS. Levels of sCD30 were significantly increased in patients with active generalized WG and CSS, but not in those with MPA and localized WG, correlating with the disease extent and activity. sCD26 levels were markedly decreased in patients with generalized WG, CSS and MPA and increased towards remission. sCD23 levels were slightly, but not significantly increased in CSS and generalized WG. CONCLUSION: Regarding the investigated immunoregulatory cytokines (Th1/Th2 type), only the measurement of plasma levels of IL-10 discriminated CSS from WG and MPA. The reported data could indicate a similar status of T cell activation in generalized WG and CSS, and possibly a shift in peripheral immunity towards a more humoral dominated immune response. The differences observed between patients with the localized and generalized forms of WG seem to reflect the clinically known biphasic course of this disease.     

Expression of cytoadhesion molecules (CD56, CD54, CD18 and CD29) by myeloma plasma cells

Recently we reported the expression of the human natural killer cell associated antigen CD56 (Leu 19/NKH1) in plasma cells of a majority of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. CD56 is known to be an isoform of the human neural adhesion molecule N-CAM which is involved in homotypic adhesive interactions. By immunophenotyping using four CD56 specific monoclonal antibodies and immunoprecipitation analysis we here confirm that the Leu 19 antigen expressed by myeloma plasma cells is identical to N-CAM and corresponds to the 145 kDa isoform. Because of the possible biological role of adhesion molecules on myeloma cells, we compared the expression of N-CAM with the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and the beta 1 and beta 2 integrins. By immunogold-silver staining of cytospin preparations of mononuclear cell suspensions, bone marrow plasma cells of 17 MM patients were analysed. Plasma cells expressed N-CAM (CD56) in 14 patients. ICAM-1 (CD54) in 16 patients, and beta 2 integrins (CD18) in eight patients. beta 1 integrins (CD29) were expressed in all patients. The expression of beta 2 integrins was always very weak while N-CAM, ICAM-1 and the beta 1 integrins showed a moderate to strong positivity. The plasma cells of five haematological normal individuals lacked significant N-CAM expression but were positive for ICAM-1 and both integrin subgroups. One plasma cell leukaemia patient and two out of four end-stage MM patients showed no expression of N-CAM or beta 2 integrins on their circulating plasma cells. Among 11 previously established myeloma cell lines, surface expression of ICAM-1 and the integrins was detected in most cases, while N-CAM was present in only four lines. Most cell lines showed coexpression of the fibronectin receptors (VLA-4 and VLA-5) and the laminin receptor (VLA-6). The collagen receptor (VLA-2) was not expressed. The N-CAM negative cell lines included four cell lines that were derived from plasma cell leukaemia patients. These results indicate that the expression of adhesion molecules is an intrinsic part of the biology of multiple myeloma.     

CD133和CD90在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

存在于肿瘤组织中的少数具有干细胞性质的细胞群体被称为肿瘤干细胞(CSCs),可促进肿瘤的发生和发展,也是肿瘤耐药性、复发及转移的根源.有报道CD133和CD90可能为肿瘤干细胞表面标志物,但CD133和CD90在肝癌中的表达及其意义报道尚少.本研究采用免疫组织化学方法检测不同肝组织中CD133及CD90蛋白的表达水平,探讨其在肝癌中的表达情况及其与肝癌生物学特性及预后的关系.     

Differential CD26-mediated activation of the CD3 and CD2 pathways after CD6-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Patients who have undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) are susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infectious complications in the months to years after engraftment. Impaired in vitro T-cell functions have been documented in these patients, and these T-cell dysfunctions contribute to the prolonged immune deficiency after allo-BMT. In the present study, we examined the expression of CD26 as well as the reconstitution of CD26-mediated T-cell costimulation via the CD3 and CD2 pathways at various times in patients aged greater than 18 years after CD6-positive, T-cell depleted allo- BMT. We found that the percentage of CD26- and CD3-positive cells, as well as the levels of expression of both antigens, was lower than in normal controls during the first 4 months after CD6-depleted allo-BMT. Subsequently, the amount of lymphocytes expressing CD3 and CD26 and the quantitative surface expression of CD3 and CD26 were not significantly different in patients and normal controls. Functional studies showed that CD26-mediated T-cell proliferation via the CD3 pathway was considerably improved and almost reached normal levels by 1 year, whereas recovery of CD26-mediated T-cell proliferation via the CD2 pathway was delayed for at least 2 years after CD6-depleted allo-BMT. As CD26 involvement in the regulation of human thymocyte activation is restricted preferentially to the CD3 pathway--unlike its involvement with both CD3 and CD2 pathways of peripheral T cells--our results suggest that the different effects of CD26-mediated costimulation via the CD3 and CD2 pathways after CD6-depleted allo-BMT may be a reflection of peripheral T-cell immaturity in those individuals, similar to that seen in mature medullary thymocytes or cord T lymphocytes.