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1.
矮小儿童的生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子轴功能的检查   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子(GH-IGF-1)功能轴的异常是引起儿童身材矮小的重要原因。根据病因可将其分为3类:具有生物活性的生长激素(growth hormone,GH)分泌不足;胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-like growth factors,IGFs)产生减少;外周组织对IGFs产生抵抗。早期明确诊断并应用基因重组人生长激素(rhGH)治疗可以有效地提高最终成人期身高。为了在临床上正确使用rhGH,  相似文献   

2.
目的  观察重组人生长激素对造血干细胞移植后生长障碍儿童的疗效和安全性。方法  用分泌型重组人生长激素 ,剂量为 1u/kg·w ,分 6~ 7次 ,于晚上睡前3 0分钟皮下注射 ,在治疗前后对比生长指标的变化 ,并随访不良反应。结果  经治疗6个月后身高增长率较治疗前明显提高 ,血清胰岛素样生长因子 -1亦明显升高 ,未发现有严重的不良反应。结论  生长激素能明显促进造血干细胞移植后生长障碍儿童的身高增长 ,使用安全。  相似文献   

3.
矮身材的诊断过程实质上是确定身材矮小病因的过程。随着遗传学新技术的广泛临床应用,已证实越来越多的基因与矮小相关。下丘脑垂体发育异常的基因变异,下丘脑垂体-生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子1轴相关的基因变异,生长板参与软骨细胞增殖、肥大和分泌软骨细胞外基质过程的基因异常,染色体及基因组印记基因异常等均可导致身材矮小。为明确矮身材病因,规范生长激素合理临床应用,须重视对矮身材儿童的遗传学分析和研究力度。  相似文献   

4.
基因重组人生长激素(recombinant human growth hormone,rhGH)已广泛应用于儿科临床治疗生长激素缺乏症,并已取得较满意的疗效.生长激素(growth hormone,GH)通过刺激肝脏细胞产生胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-like growth actor,IGF-1)来介导GH的促生长作用.血浆中大部分IGF-1与胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3结合,IGF-1具有促进细胞有丝分裂抑制细胞凋亡的作用,近年来发现IGF-1与肿瘤的发生发展有一定相关性,因而引发了对rhGH治疗的安全性和有效性的关注.  相似文献   

5.
随着基因重组人生长激素( rhGH)应用对象和适应证的日益广泛,长期生长激素(GH)治疗是否具有潜在致恶性肿瘤的危险,一直是争论和研究的焦点.目前现有的临床研究尚无确切证据证实GH治疗与恶性肿瘤的发生和复发有关,但有恶性肿瘤病史的患儿应警惕发生第二肿瘤的危险.对有危险因素的患儿应用GH治疗时,需密切监测胰岛素样生长因子-1和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3水平,保证GH更加安全和有效地应用.  相似文献   

6.
目的检测矮小儿童下丘脑-垂体及其胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)生长轴(GHRH-GH-IGF-1)功能,了解矮小儿童的发病因素及确定下丘脑-垂体及其IGF轴功能缺陷病因分类。方法矮小儿童30例。用统一印制的矮小儿童表格记录其临床特征。对矮小儿童进行甲状腺功能测定;用胰岛素 左旋多巴行生长激素(GH)刺激试验;放射免疫法测定血清IGF-1和血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平;同时行患儿骨龄、垂体增强MRI扫描、染色体核型分析、性激素测定。根据矮小症诊断标准和2004年Rosenfeld RG和GHRH-GH-IGF-1轴缺陷不同,将矮小儿童进行病因定位和分类。结果矮小儿童30例中,下丘脑-垂体及其IGF轴功能缺陷12例,占40%,其中肯定生长激素缺乏(GHD)4例,怀疑生长激素不敏感综合征2例,可疑GHD 6例。Turner′s综合征2例,占6.67%;体质性青春期延迟2例,占6.67%;特发性矮小14例,占46.6%。磁共振发现垂体微腺瘤2例;垂体发育不良12例。结论1.矮小儿童所占比例最大的为特发性矮小,其次为下丘脑-垂体及其IGF轴功能缺陷。2.IGF-1水平和IGFBP-3水平与生长激素刺激试验测定生长激素水平不一致,考虑存在生长激素抵抗和受体缺陷。3.矮小儿童可能存在先天性垂体发育异常,致使垂体分泌生长激素不足。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨重组人生长激素(recombinant human growth hormone,rhGH)对不同垂体发育状况生长激素缺乏症(growth hormone deficiency,GHD)患儿的治疗效果。方法前瞻性选取2020年6月—2021年12月许昌市妇幼保健院收治的90例GHD患儿为研究对象,根据垂体正中矢状高径将患儿分为垂体发育不良组(45例)、垂体正常组(31例)、垂体发育增大组(14例)。分析比较各组身高、生长速率、身高标准差分值、血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3、胰岛素样生长因子-1,以及治疗前后上述指标变化的差值(差值用△表示)。结果治疗后3组身高、生长速率、身高标准差分值及血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3、胰岛素样生长因子-1水平均高于治疗前(P<0.05);垂体发育不良组、垂体发育增大组△身高、△生长速率、△身高标准差分值、△胰岛素样生长因子-1、△胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3均大于垂体正常组(P<0.05);3组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论rhGH治疗不同垂体发育的GHD患儿均有促进骨生长、增加身高的作用,对垂体发育不良及增生患儿效果更明显,且安全性可靠。  相似文献   

8.
生长激素是由脑垂体前叶嗜酸性细胞分泌的一种蛋白质,直接或间接通过胰岛素样生长因子对生长和代谢发挥作用.生长激素可作用于人体多种组织的靶细胞,具有广泛的生理作用.随着临床研究不断深入,重组人生长激素的应用范围不再局限于治疗儿童矮小症,其在成人生长激素缺乏症、神经系统疾病如缺血缺氧性脑病、脑外伤、脑性瘫痪、阿尔茨海默病等疾病以及烧伤领域、辅助生殖等方面均有一定的临床意义.该文就国内外重组人生长激素临床应用和研究最新进展作一综述.  相似文献   

9.
Laron 综合征是一种常染色体隐性遗传病,生长激素受体(GHR)基因缺陷是导致Laron 综合征的主要病因。Laron 综合征主要临床特征为生后严重的生长落后伴特殊面容,血生化特点为高生长激素(GH)、低胰岛素样生长因子- (IGF-I) 和低胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白- (IGFBP-3)。该研究报道一家系2例Laron 综合征患者的临床特点及GHR基因突变。这两个病人为同胞姐弟。弟弟8岁,身高80.0 cm (-8.2 SDS),姐姐11岁,身高96.6 cm (-6.8 SDS)。他们出生体重和身长无特殊,自生后出现生长落后,身高明显落后于同龄正常儿童,并均呈现了典型Laron 综合征外貌特征:身材矮、肥胖、前额突出、大眼睛、塌鼻梁、头发稀软。这两个病人空腹血清GH值均明显高于正常儿童,空腹血清IGF-I明显低于同年龄同性别正常儿童,血浆IGFBP-3和生长激素结合蛋白(GHBP)低于检测线。其中1例(8岁男孩)胰岛素和可乐定刺激后GH峰值大于350 ng/mL,给予重组人生长激素治疗1年,身高由治疗前的80.0 cm 增加至83.3 cm。GHR基因序列测定结果显示2例患者均存在外显子4上第65位氨基酸的纯合突变S65H(TCA → CCA),为新发现的突变。Laron 综合征患者存在特殊的面貌特征,结合血GH、IGF-I、IGFBP-3和GHBP测定可以明确诊断。GHR基因外显子4上S65H突变可能是这两位Laron 综合征患者的致病原因。[中国当代儿科杂志,2007,9(4):335-338]  相似文献   

10.
060528Turner综合征/梁雁…∥中国实用儿科杂志.-2005,20(8).-460~463060529重组人生长激素对生长激素缺乏症儿童骨代谢的影响/李筠…∥浙江大学学报(医学版).-2005,34(4).-312~315方法:测定37例完全性生长激素缺乏症(CGHD),31例部分性生长激素缺乏症(PGHD)和31例年龄、性别匹配的正常健康儿童的血清骨代谢指标、类胰岛素生长因子1(IGF1)和桡骨远端超声传播速度(SOS),同时对29例接受重组人生长激素(rhGH)治疗的儿童定期复查。结果:CGHD组血清骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP),型胶原交联羧基末端肽(ICTP)、IGF1显著低于正常组,ICTP与IGF…  相似文献   

11.
There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

12.
孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%~5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

14.
During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.  相似文献   

15.
A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.  相似文献   

16.
Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.  相似文献   

19.
Inhibition of the function of pulmonary surfactant in the alveolar space is an important element of the pathophysiology of many lung diseases, including meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The known mechanisms by which surfactant dysfunction occurs are (a) competitive inhibition of phospholipid entry into the surface monolayer (e.g. by plasma proteins), and (b) infiltration and destabilization of the surface film by extraneous lipids (e.g. meconium-derived free fatty acids). Recent data suggest that addition of non-ionic polymers such as dextran and polyethylene glycol to surfactant mixtures may significantly improve resistance to inhibition. Polymers have been found to neutralize the effects of several different inhibitors, and can produce near-complete restoration of surfactant function. The anti-inhibitory properties of polymers, and their possible role as an adjunct to surfactant therapy, deserve further exploration.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the present level of metabolic control in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) attending Brisbane paediatric diabetes clinics with published overseas data. METHODOLOGY: Blood HbA1c concentrations, population characteristics, current treatment practices and short-term complications were recorded in all patients, aged 19 years and under, attending the diabetes clinics of the two Brisbane Children's Hospitals or the private practice of one of the authors (MJT) in the first quarter of 1998. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-eight patients were assessed (M/F 142/126). Ages ranged from 1 to 19 years (mean 11. 2 years); duration of IDDM was 0-16 years (mean 4.4 years); and 141 (53%) were pubertal. Of those aged less than 13 years, only 4% had more than two injections daily. Insulin doses (U/kg/day) rose with increasing age. Larger doses were required in regimens involving more than two injections per day than those involving one to two injections per day. Ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycaemia in the last 3 months were reported in eight (2.7%) and 17 (6.3%) of patients, respectively. Mean HbA1c (+/- SD) was 8.6 +/- 1.4% (range 5.2-14.0%), with 33% of children having a HbA1c concentration < 8%. HbA1c concentrations were significantly related (P < 0.05) to insulin dose and to duration of diabetes, but not to severe hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis, age, frequency of injections, or number of clinic visits per year. Mean HbA1c concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in those children in puberty (8.7 +/- 1.5%) than in those not in puberty (8.5 +/- 1.2%). CONCLUSION: Only 33% of patients had a HbA1C concentration less than 8% and 6.3% had a severe hypoglycaemic episode in the 3 months. These results are similar to published overseas data.  相似文献   

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