腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剜除术对人体蛋白质氧化、脂质过氧化影响的研究

目的探讨腹腔镜手术对子宫肌瘤患者体内蛋白质氧化、脂质过氧化的影响。方法将40例子宫肌瘤患者随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组两组,每组20例。测定两组患者腹腔镜手术前、手术结束时(气腹解除后5min)及术后24h血浆晚期氧化蛋白产物(AOPP)、丙二醛、血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性和血浆总抗氧化能力(AOA)的水平,以及开腹手术术前、手术结束(缝合腹壁时)及术后24h的水平。结果(1)腹腔镜组手术结束时血浆AOPP、丙二醛水平高于术前[(69±13)μmol/Lvs(50±9)μmol/L,P<001;(252±055)μmol/Lvs(185±019)μmol/L,P<001],血浆GPx活性、AOA水平低于术前[(029±009)U/mlvs(062±027)U/ml,P<001;(090±024)mmol/Lvs(141±039)mmol/L,P<001];术后24h血浆AOPP、丙二醛、GPx与术前比较差异无统计学意义[(50±10)μmol/L,P>005;(205±068)μmol/L,P>005;(052±006)U/ml,P>005],但AOA水平仍低[(100±031)mmol/L,P<001]。(2)开腹组手术结束时血浆AOPP、丙二醛含量比术前略有升高[(53±100μmol/Lvs(52±70)μmol/L,P>005;(209±051)μmol/Lvs(183±064)μmol/L,P>005],GPx活性、AOA水平比术前略有下降[(051±017)U/mlvs(057±021)U/ml,P>005;(120±046)mmol/Lvs133±037,P>005];术后24h血浆AOPP、丙二醛与术前相比升高[     

维持性血液透析患者血浆抗坏血酸的变化及意义

目的:探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者血浆抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,AA)、脱氢型抗坏血酸(dehydroascorbic acid,DHAA)及血浆总抗坏血酸(total ascorbic acid,TAA)水平的变化及意义。方法:将研究对象分为两组,MHD组为18例维持性血液透析患者;对照组为19例健康志愿者。血浆总抗坏血酸(Total Ascorbic Acid,TAA)和DHAA采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chro-matography,HPLC)结合电化学检测器测定。结果:MHD组与健康对照组之间性别相匹配,年龄无统计学差异(t=0.372,P>0.05)。MHD患者血浆AA水平低于健康人群(t=2.291,P<0.05);MHD患者血浆DHAA水平明显高于健康人群(t′=4.253,P<0.001);而MHD患者血浆TAA水平与健康人群相比无显著性差异(t=1.481,P>0.05);MHD患者血浆DHAA/TAA水平明显高于健康人群(t′=4.193,P<0.01)。结论:维持性血液透析患者血浆抗坏血酸水平下降,血浆脱氢型抗坏血酸水平及脱氢型抗坏血酸与血浆总抗坏血酸比值明显升高,而血浆总抗坏血酸水平却无明显变化。为发挥抗坏血酸抗氧化保护作用而恰当的为维持性血液透析患者补充抗坏血酸仍需进一步研究。     

高压氧对急性坏死性胰腺炎胰腺腺泡细胞NF-κB活性与血液炎症细胞因子影响的研究

目的探讨高压氧对ANP胰腺腺泡细胞核转录因子NF-κB活性的影响。方法采用5%牛磺胆酸钠胰管逆行注射制备ANP动物模型。SD雄性大鼠40只,按随机分配原则分为ANP高压氧治疗组和ANP空白对照组。采用EMSA法检测胰腺腺泡细胞胞核NF-κB活性、Western-blot法检测胰腺腺泡细胞胞质IκBa活性及ELISA法检测血液IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-a及ICAM-1含量。结果高压氧在1、3、5及7h均可显著抑制ANP胰腺腺泡细胞胞核NF-κB活性[(24.47±5.39)μmol/Lvs(31.36±5.72)μmol/L、(28.58±4.51)μmol/Lvs(39.44±6.31)μmol/L、(26.47±4.13)μmol/Lvs(33.80±5.96)μmol/L及(20.38±3.79)μmol/Lvs(25.69±4.91)μmol/L](P<0.01);显著增强ANP胰腺腺泡细胞胞质IκBa活性[(8.94±1.43)μmol/Lvs(6.37±1.19)μmol/L、(7.83±1.72)μmol/Lvs(5.91±1.65)μmol/L、(8.31±1.54)μmol/Lvs(6.85±1.37)μmol/L及(8.62±1.12)μmol/Lvs(6.97±0.86)μmol/L](P<0.01);显著抑制血液中炎症细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-a及ICAM-1活性(P<0.05)。结论高压氧可通过显著抑制ANP胰腺腺泡细胞NF-κB活性,增加胰腺腺泡细胞胞质IκBa活性的能力,减少血液中炎症细胞因子活性,从而抑制ANP引起的过度炎症反应。     

腹膜透析患者残余肾功能保护的观察

目的 :探讨腹膜透析患者残余肾功能的保护措施。方法 :观察 6例腹膜透析患者的残余肾功能和尿量变化 ,为期 1年。男 2例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 2 5～ 6 2岁。原发病为慢性肾小球肾炎、糖尿病和高血压病。均采用 Baxter双联透析液CAPD治疗 ,每天 4次。同时配合注射 EPO、降血压和营养治疗等。透析前血尿素氮 (BUN)(38.2± 1 1 .7) mmol/ L,肌酐 (Scr) (830± 2 5 4)μmol/ L,2 4h尿量 (6 40± 1 80 ) ml。透析 1个月后 BUN(1 7.6± 8.5 ) mmol/ L ,Scr(4 91± 1 2 0 )μmol/ L,2 4h尿量 (4 6 0± 1 1 0 ) ml。透析 1 2月后 BUN(1 9.7± 9.…     

腹膜透析液中添加黄芪对腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响

目的:通过在腹膜透析液(PDF)中添加黄芪注射液后观察患者腹腔巨噬细胞功能的变化。　方法:采用自 身对照的方法,在28例连续性不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)治疗患者的PDF中添加黄芪注射液(20ml/2L)后,比较患 者透出液巨噬细胞活性、吞噬功能及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)和一氧化氮(NO)分泌的变化情况,以及在不同剂量 黄芪注射液的作用下,巨噬细胞活性和细胞因子分泌改变的影响。　结果:用药前后患者透出液中TNF α含量未 出现显著变化,分别为(100±63)ng/Lvs(116±60)ng/L(P=0.192);腹腔巨噬细胞噬菌率分别为(34.8±12.7)% vs(43.4±9.3)%(P<0.01),杀菌率分别为(23.6±7.7)%vs(32.1±10.2)%(P<0.01);巨噬细胞经脂多糖 (LPS)刺激其噻唑蓝(MTT)还原能力检测值(A值)分别为0.156±0.051vs0.230±0.097(P<0.01)。上清液中 NO含量分别为(7.72±2.36)μmol/Lvs(12.22±2.81)μmol/L(P<0.01)。上清液中TNF α含量分别为(1406± 358)ng/Lvs(1925±389)ng/L(P<0.01)。分离的巨噬细胞在不同条件下共同孵育后,PDF组和RPMI1640组巨 噬细胞上清液中TNF α、NO含量和沉渣MTT还原能力较含黄芪注射液各组明显降低(P<0.01);黄芪组上清液中 TNF α、NO含量和沉渣MTT还原能力以1%和2%黄芪组改善较为明显,两组间比较     

冠心病患者血清TBIL与OX-LDL水平的变化与相关性研究

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)血清总胆红素(TBIL)与氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白(OX-LDL)水平的变化及其相互之间的关系。方法采用日立7600-20型全自动生化分析仪氧化酶法检测血清TBIL含量。用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法检测OX-LDL水平。结果冠心病组血清TBIL明显低于健康对照组[(8.85±2.97)μmol/Lvs(15.51±3.92)μmol/L,P<0.01],而血浆OX-LDL明显高于健康对照组[(85.63±32.45)mmol/Lvs(29.21±11.36)mmol/L,P<0.01]。冠心病患者血清TBIL与血浆OX-LDL的变化呈显著负相关(r=-0.61,P<0.01),而健康对照组中两者间的相关性则不明显(r=-0.15,P>0.05)。结论冠心病时血清TBIL显著降低而OX-LDL显著升高。冠心病患者血清TBIL抗LDL氧化能力的减弱可能是导致OX-LDL升高的重要原因之一。     

新型气体信号分子硫化氢对左向右分流大鼠一氧化氮/一氧化氮合酶体系的影响

目的探讨内源性硫化氢(H2S)对左向右分流大鼠一氧化氮(NO)/一氧化氮合酶(NOS)体系的影响。方法将雄性SD大鼠随机分为分流组,分流+炔丙基甘氨酸(PPG)组,假手术组和假手术组+PPG组,每组8只。分流组及分流+PPG组大鼠经腹主动脉-下腔静脉穿刺建立左向右分流动物模型。术后4周,测量大鼠平均肺动脉压(MPAP);测定血浆NO、肺组织H2S、NO含量及NOS活性;用Western印迹方法测定肺组织eNOS含量。结果分流术后4周,分流组与假手术组比较,大鼠MPAP无明显变化;分流组与假手术组比较血浆NO(23·2μmol/L±3·6μmol/Lvs17·9μmol/L±3·4μmol/L,P<0·05)、肺组织H2S(37·6μmol/mg±2·1μmol/mgvs14·4μmol/mg±1·8μmol/mg,P<0·05)、肺组织NO(38·5±6·5μmol/μgvs31·8±6·5μmol/μg,P<0·05)、肺组织NOS活性(15·1U/mg±2·4U/mgvs12·0U/mg±1·4U/mg,P<0·05)及肺组织eNOS含量(0·3±0·1vs0·2±0·1,P<0·05)均明显升高。分流+PPG组大鼠MPAP较分流组及假手术组分别升高了15·82%和20·55%(19·5mmHg±1·7mmHgvs16·4mmHg±1·7mmHg和19·5mmHg±1·7mmHgvs15·5mmHg±1·3mmHg,P<0·05),肺组织H2S含量降低(28·8μmol/mg±2·2μmol/mgvs37·6μmol/mg±2·1μmol/mg,P<0·05),而血浆NO(27·8μmol/L±4·8μmol/Lvs23·2μmol/L±3·6μmol/L,P<0·05)、肺组织NO(46·0μmol/μg±6·0μmol/μgvs38·5μmol/μg±6·5μmol/μg,P<0·05)、NOS活性(20·9U/mg±3·9U/mgvs15·1U/mg±2·4U/mg,P<0·05)及eNOS含量均明显升高(0·4±0·1vs0·3±0·1,P<0·05)。结论内源性H2S可能通过抑制NO/NOS体系调节左向右分流大鼠肺动脉压力。     

低钙透析对维持性血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响

目的:探讨低钙透析对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者微炎症状态的影响?方法:选择104例透析时间超过3个月的MHD合并高磷血症患者,观察期间无急?慢性炎症及其他活动性疾病,随机分为对照组(54例)和低钙组(50例),两组均进行规律透析(3次/周),对照组给予正常钙透析液(1.50 mmol/L),低钙组给予低钙透析液(1.25 mmol/L),观察6个月,分别检测观察前后患者超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及血清钙?磷等生化指标?结果:观察前两组患者的hs-CRP分别为(5.82±0.94)mg/L和(6.17±0.97)mg/L(P > 0.05),观察后对照组患者的hs-CRP为(5.29±0.77)mg/L,与观察前相比较无显著差异(P > 0.05),低钙组患者的hs-CRP为(2.84±0.68)mg/L,与观察前及观察后的对照组相比均显著下降(P < 0.01),同时血磷和钙磷乘积也较对照组和观察前明显下降(P < 0.05)?结论:低钙透析可改善MHD微炎症状态,可能与改善钙磷代谢紊乱有关?     

VitE对维持性血液透析患者氧化应激状态的影响

目的:研究抗氧化剂维生素E对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者氧化应激状态的影响.方法:MHD患者58例,口服维生素E400mg/d,服药6周,观察用药前后血浆丙二醛(MDA),循环晚期氧化蛋白产物(AOPP),过氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)及血浆中维生素E浓度,选20例健康者作正常对照.结果:患者氧化指标AOPP(187.27±54.9 μmol/Lvs99.05±26.2 μmol/L)和MDA(7.74±2.17 nmol/ml vs3.06±1.70 nmol/ml)明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),GSH-PX活性(74.42±27.46 μmol/L vs127.27±25.88 μmol/L)、SOD活性(70.88±14.74 U/ml vs 114.67±24.65U/ml)VitE浓度(3.27±1.36 μg/ml vs6.58±1.44 μg/ml)明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01)及(P＜0.05),给予维生素E治疗后,AOPP(143.41±33.7 μmol/Lvs187.27±54.9 μmol/L)、MDA(5.19±2.85 nmol/ml vs7.74±2.17 nmol/ml)较治疗前明显降低(P＜0.01)、VitE(5.49±2.06 μg/ml vs3.27±1.36 μg/ml)、SOD活性(108.30±22.95 U/ml vs70.88±14.74 U/ml),GSH-PX活性(91.56±14.49 μmol/L vs74.42±27.46 μmol/L)较治疗前升高(P均＜0.01).结论:口服大剂量维生素E(400mg/d)可以改善血透患者的氧化应激状态,血透患者短期应用大剂量维生素E未见明显副作用.     

抗坏血酸透析液对尿毒症患者静脉铁剂诱导的氧化应激影响

目的 观察抗坏血酸透析液对静脉铁剂诱导的维持性血液透析患者氧化应激的影响。方法 选择应用氢氧化铁蔗糖复合物治疗的维持性血液透析患者10例,分别给予抗坏血酸透析液透析和在透析过程中静脉滴注抗坏血酸进行干预,测定血浆及红细胞丙二醛(MDA)、抗坏血酸和维生素E水平,通过计算MDA:胆固醇的曲线下面积(AUC0-180min)判断其疗效。结果 氢氧化铁蔗糖复合物注射后,血糖MDA明显升高(P<0.05),60 min达高峰,抗坏血酸水平明显下降。抗坏血酸透析液可明显降低血浆MDA和AUC0-180min(P<0.05),静脉注射抗坏血酸也可降低血浆MDA,但至后期出现再次升高的趋势,其AUC0-180min与未用抗坏血酸相比无显著性差异。结论 抗坏血酸透析液可明显降低维持性血液透析患者由静脉铁剂诱导的氧化应激,效果优于静脉注射途径。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.