B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者应用氟达拉滨化疗方案治疗后外周血淋巴细胞表型特点分析

目的:观察和比较B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者应用氟达拉滨后外周血淋巴细胞表型的变化特点及规律。方法:应用流式细胞术测定应用氟达拉滨为基础的化疗方案(n=5)、CHOP方案(n=9)及利妥昔单抗加CHOP(R加CHOP)方案(n=7)化疗后的B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者及健康志愿者(n=51)的外周血淋巴细胞表型。结果:应用氟达拉滨化疗患者的淋巴细胞、NK细胞、T淋巴细胞及CD4 T淋巴细胞计数均显著低于应用CHOP方案及应用R加CHOP方案患者。应用氟达拉滨组患者与R加CHOP组患者B淋巴细胞计数未存在显著差异,但2组均显著低于应用CHOP方案组患者B淋巴细胞计数结果。结论:氟达拉滨可引起患者机体显著的免疫抑制。在应用氟达拉滨为基础的化疗过程中有必要对外周血淋巴细胞亚群进行监测。     

米托蒽醌与阿霉素治疗淋巴瘤的效果

目的探讨对比米托蒽醌和阿霉素治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效差异。方法选取该院收治的中晚期非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者84例,随机数字表法分为两组各42例。观察组采用CNOP方案(环磷酰胺+米托蒽醌+长春新碱+泼尼松)进行化疗,对照组采用CHOP方案(环磷酰胺+阿霉素+长春新碱+泼尼松)进行化疗,连续治疗3 w为1个周期,连续治疗4个周期后对比两组患者的临床疗效和毒性反应的发生情况。结果观察组的完全缓解率为21.43%、总有效率为73.81%,对照组分别为16.67%、71.43%,两组对比,无统计学差异(均P0.05);两组患者治疗过程中恶性呕吐、腹泻、口腔溃疡、血红蛋白、白细胞、血小板水平对比均无统计学差异(均P0.05);观察组脱发的发生率为33.33%,而对照组患者均出现不同程度的脱发,观察组脱发的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论米托蒽醌和阿霉素治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤具有相似的缓解率,但米托蒽醌具有毒性反应较低、安全性较高的优势,可作为临床优先选择的化疗药物。     

氟达拉滨化疗后外周血淋巴细胞减少及相关机会性感染

氟达拉滨是一种具有淋巴毒作用的抗代谢类药物，目前临床上主要用于慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）及惰性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的治疗。临床观察表明，在对NHL患者的治疗上，氟达拉滨单药治疗的有效率不低于经典的环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱、泼尼松（CHOP）等一线或二线化疗方案。而氟达拉滨与环磷酰胺（FC）或米托蒽醌等化疗药物合用可提高缓解率及无病生存期。然而在临床观察到应用以氟达拉滨为基础的化疗方案进行治疗后，患者出现机会性感染的几率较应用其他化疗方案有较明显增加。氟达拉滨用药后引起的淋巴细胞减少，尤其是长时间的CD4^＋T淋巴细胞减少被认为是导致这种机会性感染增加的主要原因。目前临床上对应用各种化疗方案后出现的中性粒细胞减少及因此而产生的相关感染有较多研究，但对于应用氟达拉滨后产生的以淋巴细胞减少为主的免疫抑制及相关机会性感染的研究并不多见。充分认识这种淋巴细胞减少的规律及相关机会性感染的特点，将有助于临床上改善治疗方案，预防机会性感染的发生或尽早明确诊断。以下将对上述问题的研究现状作一综述。     

CHOP方案治疗恶性淋巴瘤临床疗效观察

目的 评价CHOP 14方案治疗恶性淋巴瘤的疗效及不良反应.方法 对2001年1月至2005年1月60例恶性淋巴瘤随机分为2组,一组治疗14d,另一组治疗7d;每组30例,全部经病理及免疫组化证实.均采用CHOP方案化疗.结果 两周的方案有效率96.6%,一周方案有效率75%,两组患者的不良反应均无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 CHOP14是一种安全、治疗有效的方案.     

地西他滨联合减量MA方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病的临床观察

目的观察地西他滨联合减量米托蒽醌加阿糖胞苷(MA)方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病(AML)病人的疗效及安全性。方法收集16例老年AML病人,予以地西他滨联合减量MA方案[地西他滨20 mg/(m~2·d),d 1～5;米托蒽醌8～12 mg/(m~2·d),d 6～8;阿糖胞苷100 mg/(m~2·d),d 6～8],观察病人临床疗效及不良反应。结果 16例病人中完全缓解(CR) 8例(50. 0%),部分缓解(PR) 3例(18. 8%),总有效率(ORR)为68. 8%。细胞遗传学总有效率为42. 9%。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制及继发感染,病人经过输血和抗感染等支持治疗均可以耐受。结论地西他滨联合减量MA方案治疗老年AML在血液学及细胞遗传学上均可以获得较好疗效,且不良反应较轻,耐受性良好。     

CMOP与CHOP方案治疗初发非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效分析

目的探讨CMOP与CHOP方案治疗初发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效与不良反应。方法将非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者92例随机分为观察组和对照组各46例,观察组采用CMOP方案治疗,对照组采用CHOP方案治疗,比较两组的疗效与不良反应。结果 92例患者治疗6个疗程可评价疗效88例,观察组45例,对照组43例。观察组总有效率93.3%,对照组为76.7%,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。血液学毒性、胃肠道反应、肝功能损害及心脏毒性方面两组差异均无统计学意义。结论 CMOP方案治疗初治非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效优于CHOP方案。     

氟达拉滨治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病的临床观察

目的:观察氟达拉滨(Fludarabine)治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效和不良反应。方法:收集氟达拉滨治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病15例患者的临床资料,其中10例为首次疗程即使用氟达拉滨单药,5例为COP或CHOP方案1～2疗程或服用苯丁酸氮芥(瘤可宁)半年无效改用氟达拉滨,部分疗程为氟达拉滨和环磷酰胺联合用药;评估CR率和PR率,同时观察不良反应。结果:9例(60%)完全缓解,2例部分缓解,4例无效(1例耐药),总有效率73.3%。不良反应粒细胞减少7例,血小板减少3例,其中1例示ITP,1例发生溶血。结论:氟达拉滨治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病有较高的疗效;不良反应以骨髓抑制常见,感染、ITP、AIHA最为严重,如在化疗前检查Coombs’test,可能避免发生自身免疫性溶血。     

GP方案与NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的比较吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP）方案和长春瑞滨联合顺铂（NP）方案对初治晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和不良反应。方法晚期NSCLC患者60例随机分成两组,分别接受GP方案或NP方案化疗,入组的每例患者均接受至少2个周期以上的化疗,比较两组不同化疗方案的近期疗效和毒副反应。结果GP组有效率46．67％,NP组有效率40．00％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．60）;不良反应主要为骨髓抑制,GP组血小板减少发生率高于NP组,NP组白细胞下降发生率高于GP组,两组比较差异有统计学意义,但均在可耐受的范围内。结论GP方案和NP方案治疗晚期NSCLC均有较好的临床疗效且疗效相当,不良反应均可耐受,因此GP和NP两种化疗方案均可作为晚期NSCLC的一线治疗方案。     

美罗华治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床观察

目的:比较美罗华单药或联合化疗和单用CHOP方案治疗初治的B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:采用同期非随机对照的前瞻性研究方法,将51例初治B细胞淋巴瘤患者分为美罗华组和CHOP组,前组24例,采用美罗华单药或联合化疗;后组27例,单用CHOP方案化疗。3～6疗程后比较2组的疗效及不良反应。结果:美罗华组完全缓解(CR)率83.3%(20/24),总有效率(OR)95.8%(23/24);CHOP组CR率55.6%(15/27),OR率66.7%(18/27),2组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。美罗华组2年的总生存率为70.8%,CHOP组为40.7%,美罗华组优于CHOP组(P<0.05)。结论:美罗华治疗初治B细胞淋巴瘤可取得较好疗效,2年生存率高,不良反应能耐受。     

氟达拉滨联合化疗治疗复发的非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效分析

非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）达到完全缓解或部分缓解后如病情复发，再用常规药物疗效多不理想。氟达拉滨是近年来治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病和低度恶性NHL疗效较突出的新药，国外报告氟达拉滨单药治疗初治低度恶性NHL有效率为30％～70％，CR率为10％-38％，联合方案如FN、FL等或加用抗CD20单克隆抗体，可明显提高疗效。     

右丙亚胺联合CHOP方案治疗老年侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效观察

目的评价和比较右丙亚胺联合CHOP（D-CHOP）方案与单用CHOP方案治疗老年侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效和不良反应。方法2010年1月至2012年6月共入组40例侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤老年患者,随机分入D-CHOP方案组与CHOP方案组,每组各20例,比较两组的完全缓解率、总体缓解率以及不良反应情况。结果D-CHOP组和CHOP组的完全缓解率相似（55％vs50％,P=0．752）,而两组总体缓解率差异亦无统计学意义（70％VS65％,P=0．736）。血液学毒性、胃肠道反应、肝。肾功能异常指标两组差异均没有统计学意义,但D-CHOP组患者心肌受损指标肌钙蛋白I和心脏超声的心肌活动指数（Tei指数）低于CHOP组（0．10vs0．13,P=0．021：0．45vs0．50．P〈0．01）,差异有统计学意义。两组心电图异常发生率差异无统计学意义（25％vs30％,P=0．723）。结论D-CHOP方案是治疗老年侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的有效方案之一,其中右丙亚胺可在不影响疗效的前提下能有效减轻化疗相关的心脏毒性。     

Long-term Results of a Multicenter Randomized, Comparative Trial of Modified CHOP versus THP-COP versus THP-COPE Regimens in Elderly Patients with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

In treating elderly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, it is particularly important to use drugs that have a low incidence of adverse events and high efficacy. In this multicenter study, THP (pirarubicin)-COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) was compared to two thirds dosage of full CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) regimen with regard to both adverse events and efficacy. For a third group, etoposide (E) was added to the THP-COP regimen (THP-COPE) in order to achieve high dose-intensity. Subjects were 486 previously untreated patients, aged 65 or older (range, 65-92 years; median, 74 years), with NHL. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive THP-COP, two thirds CHOP, or THP-COPE. Four hundred and forty-three patients were assessed for response and followed for 8 years after the last subject registered. The complete remission rates for the THP-COP, CHOP, and THP-COPE groups were 42.5%, 41.4%, and 48.0%, respectively. There was no difference in overall survival or progression-free survival among these 3 groups. In aggressive lymphoma, there was also no difference in complete response (CR) rate (45.3% in THP-COP, 44.9% in CHOP, 48.0% in THP-COPE), overall survival, and progression-free survival among these groups.The 5- and 8-year survival rates for all patients were 29.4% and 18.7%, respectively.The 5- and 8-year survival rates for patients with aggressive lymphoma were 27.4% and 17.4%, respectively. Although long-term survival for patients with aggressive lymphoma on our regimens was not worse compared to previous reports, the CR rate was lower. Because severe adverse events were not observed, higher dose chemotherapy may be directed to achieve better CR rates. In patients with T-cell-type lymphoma, the CR rate was greater after treatment with THP-COP (51.4%) or THP-COPE (57.7%) compared to treatment with CHOP (19.4%). Pirarubicin may be more useful for T-cell lymphoma than doxorubicin. Because adverse cardiac events were reported only in CHOP, adverse cardiac events might be low in the THP group.     

A phase 2 trial of CHOP chemotherapy followed by tositumomab/iodine I 131 tositumomab for previously untreated follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Southwest Oncology Group Protocol S9911

Advanced follicular lymphoma is incurable with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) conducted a phase 2 trial (S9911) of a novel regimen consisting of 6 cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy followed 4 to 8 weeks later by tositumomab/iodine I 131 tositumomab (anti-CD20 antibody) in 90 eligible patients with previously untreated, advanced stage follicular lymphoma. Treatment was well tolerated. Reversible myelosuppression was the main adverse event and was more severe during CHOP chemotherapy than following radioimmunotherapy. The overall response rate to the entire treatment regimen was 90%, including 67% complete remissions (CRs plus unconfirmed CRs [CRu's]) and 23% partial remissions (PRs). Twenty-seven (57%) of the 47 fully evaluable patients who achieved less than a CR with CHOP improved their remission status after tositumomab/iodine I 131 tositumomab. With a median follow-up of 2.3 years, the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated to be 81%, with a 2-year overall survival of 97%. This study has established the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of this regimen for patients with advanced follicular lymphoma. This novel treatment appears promising compared with the SWOG's historical experience using CHOP alone and is currently being compared with CHOP plus rituximab in a randomized phase 3 trial (S0016).     

利妥昔单抗联合化疗治疗B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤合并乙肝病毒感染的临床观察

目的探讨利妥昔单抗联合化疗（RCHOP方案）治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）合并乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带者的安全性和有效性。方法将2004年1月至2010年1月收治的32例B细胞NHL患者分为2组,A组（n=12）为感染HBV的患者,B组（n=20）为非感染HBV患者。A、B组均接受R—CHOP方案化疗4～6周期。A组化疗前应用拉米夫定抗病毒治疗1周。观察两组疗效、肝功能异常发生率。结果A组CR率为83．33％,B组CR率为85．00％（P〉0．05）。A组Ⅰ～Ⅱ级肝功能损害发生率为16．67％,B组15．00％（P〉0．05）,两组差异无统计学意义。两组患者中均未发生HBV再激活。结论感染HBV的NHL患者用R—CHOP方案治疗及在化疗前预防性、足疗程的抗病毒治疗,可降低HBV再激活风险,减少肝功能损害。     

Intensive conventional chemotherapy (ACVBP regimen) compared with standard CHOP for poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma

We conducted a randomized trial to compare the intensive conventional chemotherapy regimen ACVBP (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, prednisone) with standard CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) in previously untreated patients with poor-risk aggressive lymphoma. Patients aged 61 to 69 years who had aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with at least one prognostic factor of the age-adjusted international prognostic index (IPI) were included. ACVBP consisted of an induction phase of intensified chemotherapy and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis followed by a sequential consolidation phase. Of the 708 patients registered for the study, 635 were eligible. The rate of complete response was 58% in the ACVBP group and 56% in the CHOP group (P =.5). Treatment-related death occurred in 13% of the ACVBP group and 7% of the CHOP group (P =.014). At 5 years, the event-free survival was 39% in the ACVBP group and 29% in the CHOP group (P =.005). The overall survival was significantly longer for patients treated with ACVBP, at 5 years it was 46% compared with 38% for patients treated with CHOP (P =.036). CNS progressions or relapses were more frequent in the CHOP group (P =.004). Despite higher toxicity, the ACVBP regimen, used as first-line treatment for patients with poor-risk aggressive lymphoma, is superior to standard CHOP with regard to both event-free survival and overall survival.     

Biweekly CHOP or THP-COP regimens in the treatment of newly diagnosed aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of a biweekly CHOP regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide (CPA), doxorubicin (DOX), vincristine (VCR), and prednisolone (PSL) and those of a biweekly THP-COP regimen containing pirarubicin (THP), an anthracyclin with less cardiotoxicity than DOX.Methods A prospective, randomized phase II study with 80 patients (40 receiving CHOP or THP-COP) less than 70 years of age with previously untreated aggressive non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL). The regimens consisted of DOX or THP 50 mg/m², CPA 750 mg/m², VCR 1.4 mg/m², and PSL 100 mg/body administered for 5 days every 2 weeks for eight cycles.Results No significant differences in known prognostic factors were found between the two groups. Complete remission rate was 72.5% (72.5% for CHOP, 72.5% for THP-COP). The 5-year overall survival rate was 49.2% (43.7% for CHOP, 54.0% for THP-COP). When the patients were divided into groups with favorable or poor prognostic factors according to the International Prognostic Index, survival of the former group (L/LI) was superior to that of the later group (HI/H), regardless of chemotherapy regimen (P<0.001). Although grade 3 cardiotoxicity occurred in one patient in the CHOP group, no fatal toxic reactions occurred in either group. The THP-COP produced results equivalent to those of CHOP regarding efficacy and safety in aggressive NHL patients less than 70 years of age.Conclusions Although both regimens effectively treated those patients with favorable prognostic factors, neither was satisfactory for treating those with poor prognostic factors.     

3种不同化疗方案治疗套细胞淋巴瘤的疗效分析

目的:探讨3种不同化疗方案治疗套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)的临床效果.方法:19例确诊MCL患者,分别用3种不同的方案治疗.CHOP方案:初治患者13例,复发患者9例;单用福达拉宾4例,均为初治患者;美罗华加福达拉宾加环磷酰胺加米托蒽醌(R-FCM)方案治疗4例,均为复发患者.结果:CHOP方案:初治患者中政11例(84.6%)例有效,复发患者中1/9(11.1%)例有效;单用福达拉宾:4例均为初治患者,3例CR 1例PR(75.0%)有效;R-FCM方案:4例均为复发的患者4/4(100%)例.结论:以CHOP为基础方案和单用福达拉宾对于初治的MCL均有较好的疗效,但是生存时间短,复发的患者单纯化疗效果不理想,加用美罗华可以明显提高治疗效果.     

Small bowel lymphoma

Opinion statement Treatment of small bowel lymphoma requires the expertise of medical and surgical subspecialists. The two most important factors that determine the optimal treatment are histology and staging of small bowel lymphoma. Other factors that may affect treatment include age, multiple areas of involvement, tumor size, and perforation. At present, the best treatment for gastrointestinal lymphoma (stage IE disease) is limited resection of the tumor, followed by postoperative radiotherapy. The cure rate is approximately 75% for stage IE patients, even for those with aggressive histologic types. Chemotherapy is reserved for advanced-staged tumors. In patients with regional nodal involvement or extranodal involvement confined to one side of the diaphragm (pathologic stage IIE disease), chemotherapy should be combined with radiation therapy. The best chemotherapy regimen depends on the histology of the tumor. For diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the most frequently diagnosed subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), the CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) is still the gold standard. Clinical trials have been conducted evaluating the new monoclonal antibody rituximab, along with the CHOP regimen for primary NHL. Results have been promising. The use of rituximab in the treatment of extranodal lymphoma is still being evaluated. Low-grade lymphomas have a more indolent course and do not respond as well to combination chemotherapy agents as the high-grade tumors. Fludarabine alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide is effective as a first-line agent for patients with low-grade NHL. It has also been used to treat relapsed or refractory low-grade NHL. Some promising results have been reported using the chemoimmunotherapy agent rituximab alone or in combination with fludarabine for the treatment of low-grade NHL. However, clinical trials are still needed. In patients with nodal involvement on both sides of the diaphragm or other extranodal involvement such as bone marrow or liver (pathologic stages IIIE and IVE), the disease is managed primarily with combination chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is reserved for treatment of initially bulky tumor sites, treatment of residual disease following chemotherapy, or serious local problems. The disease can be controlled in 25% to 40% of patients with stage IIIE or IVE disease. As with stage IIE disease, the optimal chemotherapy regimen depends on the histologic subtype of NHL.