脑胶质瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨显微手术治疗脑胶质瘤的效果.方法 回顾性分析2000年至2004年80例脑胶质瘤患者接受显微手术的临床资料.结果 62例行显微镜下全切除,18例行大部分或部分切除,术后常规行放疗及化疗.术后随访,Ⅰ～Ⅱ级星型细胞瘤术后3年生存率达74.29%.Ⅲ～Ⅳ级星型细胞瘤3年生存率为15.35%.结论 显微手术治疗脑胶质瘤,损伤小,全切除率高,临床疗效好,可提高患者的生存时间.     

诱导化疗联合同期放化疗治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的:评价单纯放疗和诱导化疗联合同期放化疗治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的毒副反应、临床疗效和对生存期的影响.方法:统计2000年至2005年我院诊治的Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者169例,其中113例患者接受单纯根治性放疗(对照组);56例患者接受长春瑞滨(NVB)联合顺铂(DDP)诱导化疗2周期后行根治性放疗,同期给予DDP每周方案化疗(研究组).两组患者进行临床疗效和毒副反应的比较,Kaplan-Meier法计算5年生存率和无瘤生存率.结果:研究组的鼻咽肿瘤和颈淋巴结完全消退率优于对照组(92.9％ vs80.5％,85.7％ vs 72.6％,P＜0.05).研究组和对照组的5年生存率和无瘤生存率分别为71.7％、61.3％和56.6％、47.6％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组毒副反应增加,以骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和口腔黏膜炎为主.结论:诱导化疗联合同期放化疗可提高局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效和生存率;毒副反应较大,但不影响治疗进程.     

后程缩野加速超分割放疗联合化疗治疗Ⅲ和Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的临床研究

 目的　研究后程缩野加速超分割放疗联合化疗治疗Ⅲ和Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法　 178例Ⅲ和Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者随机分为研究组和对照组 ,均先诱导化疗两疗程 ,而后研究组行常规分割放疗 4 0Gy加缩野加速超分割放疗至 70～ 76Gy ,对照组常规分割放疗 70Gy ,放疗后两组均再化疗两疗程。结果　肿瘤原发灶CR、PR率 ,1、3年局部控制率和 3年无瘤生存率两组间有显著性差异 ;1、3年生存率和 3年累计远处转移率两组间无显著性差异 ;研究组Ⅱ～Ⅲ度急性放射性口咽黏膜反应发生率高于对照组。结论　后程缩野加速超分割放疗联合化疗提高了Ⅲ和Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的肿瘤消退率、局部控制率及无瘤生存率 ,急性放射反应加重但可以耐受 ,能否提高总生存率有待进一步观察     

外侧裂区低级别星形细胞瘤个体化治疗探讨

背景与目的：脑功能区胶质瘤的治疗是神经外科的难题之一。本研究探讨外侧裂区低级别星形细胞瘤的个体化治疗方法，以期达到满意治疗效果。方法：根据术前MRI表现，将56例外侧裂区星形细胞瘤分为4种类型。Ⅰ型：额叶为主型，16例；Ⅱ型：颞叶为主型，13例；Ⅲ型：额-颞跨侧裂型，21例；Ⅳ型：额-颞-岛叶型，6例。依肿瘤特征选择手术进路：Ⅰ型经额前外侧脑沟进路：Ⅱ型经颞前外侧脑沟进路；Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型经外侧裂池进路。在保全神经功能的前提下，显微手术尽可能全切除或多切除肿瘤。术后根据肿瘤级别和特征辅以个体化放疗和，或化疗，平均随访38个月，依据术后MRI和KPS评价治疗结果。结果：肿瘤于镜下全切除39例、次全切除8例、大部分切除6例、部分切除3例：6例遗留永久性轻度神经功能障碍：9例因肿瘤局部复发而行二次手术。术后病理学检查均为WHOⅡ级星形细胞瘤。手术前后KPS无显著性差异。结论：对外侧裂区星形细胞瘤，依据MRI表现，选择个体化的手术进路，应用显微技术，在保全神经功能的前提下，尽可能全切除或多切除肿瘤，最大限度减轻肿瘤负荷，术后辅以个体化放疗和，或化疗，可取得较好的治疗效果。     

Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者放疗同期化疗加辅助化疗的疗效

背景与目的:较多研究认为放疗前诱导化疗未能提高中晚期鼻咽癌的生存率,对放疗后的辅助化疗能否提高中晚期鼻咽癌的生存率有争议.有作者报道同期放化疗能提高中晚期鼻咽癌患者的疗效.本研究着重探讨放疗同期化疗加辅助化疗治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的疗效.方法:将80例Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者随机分为放疗同期化疗加辅助化疗组(研究组)及单纯放疗组(对照组),每组各40例.研究组于放疗第一周开始使用同期化疗,顺铂25 mg/m2静脉滴注,每周一次,连用6周.辅助化疗于放疗结束后一个月开始,顺铂25 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1～3天;氟尿嘧啶1000 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1～3天.每月一次,连用3次.放疗使用常规分割放疗,鼻咽部总剂量70Gy.对照组放疗方法与放疗加化疗组相同,不使用化疗.生存率采用Kaplan-Meier法,生存期的差别比较用log-rank检验,计数资料组间差异用卡方检验.结果:治疗后,研究组和对照组分别有34例和32例鼻咽肿瘤达到CR者(x2=0.35,P＞0.05);颈部淋巴结达到CR者分别为37例和30例(x2=4.50,P＜0.05).研究组1、3、5年生存率分别为92.7%、78.6%、64.2%,对照组1、3、5年生存率分别为81.2%、52.7%、42.3%,两组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01).研究组1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为91.2%、76.7%、63.5%,对照组1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为78.2%、51.9%、40.3%,两组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01).5年累积远处转移发生率研究组为15.0%,对照组为35.0%,两组比较差异有显著性(x2=4.27,P＜0.05).Ⅲ度口腔粘膜炎发生率研究组为75.0%,对照组为25.0%(x2=20.00,P＜0.01).结论:同期加辅助化疗联合放疗较单纯放疗提高了Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的颈部淋巴结完全缓解率以及1、3、5年生存率和无瘤生存率,显著降低了远处转移的发生率,但增加了Ⅲ度口腔粘膜炎的发生率.     

脑胶质瘤的显微手术治疗附47例临床总结

背景与目的:脑胶质瘤的治疗原则为以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,但手术切除的彻底与否与预后直接相关,本文探讨显微手术完全切除脑胶质瘤的疗效。方法:回顾性分析自1993年3月至2005年6月共47例脑胶质瘤患者接受显微切除手术的疗效及生存情况。结果:32例非功能区肿瘤达到全切,15例功能区肿瘤肉眼全切除,术后随访12～162个月,平均44.6个月,低级别(Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)星形细胞瘤5年生存率为(72%)13/18,最长14年,高级别(Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)星形细胞瘤5年生存率为(33.3%)4/12。结论:在保护神经功能的前提下,应运显微技术完全切除肿瘤,可提高患者生存时间。     

Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌同步放化疗联合辅助化疗的疗效观察

目的 探讨同步放化疗联合辅助化疗对Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的疗效.方法 选取108例Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌,分为同步放化疗联合辅助化疗组54例(研究组)和单纯放疗组54例(对照组),两组放疗方法相同.研究组于放疗前给予DDP30mg/m2,d1～3;5-FU 750mg/m2,d1～3.化疗结束1～3d开始放疗.放疗第4周结束给予第2程化疗,放疗不间断,共2个疗程.辅助化疗于放疗结束后1～4w开始,3～4w重复1疗程,连用2个疗程.结果 研究组和对照组5年总生存率、无瘤生存率、远处转移率分别为63.0%和42.6%(P=0.034)、61.1%和3 8.9%(P=0.021)、18.5%和37.0%(P=0.032).在N3患者中,研究组和对照组的远处转移率分别为57.1%(4/7)和66.7%(4/6)(P=1.000).3级毒性反应主要表现为口咽黏膜炎,研究组和对照组分别为48.1%和27.8%(P=0.029).结论 同步放化疗联合辅助化疗可提高Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的5年总生存率和无瘤生存率,减少远处转移率,但对N3患者远处转移率未显示优势.     

子宫颈癌局部化疗配合放疗疗效观察

对54例晚期宫颈癌患者在接受常规放疗前,采用顺铂进行肿瘤基底部注射.同期治疗的 52 例同期别宫颈癌患者为对照组.在接受放疗10 Gy 时,局部化疗组及对照组的外生肿瘤体积平均缩小为98.70%及 32.51%;放疗剂量达 30 Gy时,研究组全部外生肿瘤消退,对照组肿瘤消退者占30.77%.局部化疗未增加放疗的不良反应及并发症.研究结果显示,宫颈癌患者在接受常规放疗前配合局部顺铂化疗有显著的近期疗效,明显改善了患者的生存质量且毒副反应轻.     

原发纵隔B细胞淋巴瘤疗效分析

目的 分析原发纵隔B细胞淋巴瘤的治疗疗效和失败原因.方法 搜集14年间收治的病理让实的原发纵隔B细胞淋巴瘤46例,其中Ⅰ期14例,Ⅱ期23例,Ⅲ期3例,ⅣA期6例.21例接受手术治疗,其中开胸探查术19例,纵隔镜活检术2例.37例Ⅰ+Ⅱ期中,8例接受单纯化疗,29例接受化疗+放疗,Ⅲ+Ⅳ期以化疗为主.放疗多采用纵隔加颈部照射野,中位剂量为45.00 Gy(16.95～61.00 Gy).化疗采用CHOP方案27例,三代化疗方案(MACOP-B,ProMACE/CytaBOM,m-BACOD,PmMACE-MOPP)9例,高剂量化疗加自体外周血干细胞移植(HDCT/APBSCT)10例.化疗+美罗华16例.化疗周期多为6～8个.结果 全组患者首程治疗后达完全缓解19例,部分缓解14例,病变进展11例,未评价2例.全组11例死于肿瘤.全组5年总生存率为35%.Ⅰ+Ⅱ期和Ⅲ+Ⅳ期2年总生存率分别为79%和51%,5年总生存率分别为63%和0(X2=4.35,P=0.037),2年无进展生存率分别为63%、11%(x2=17.77,P=0.000).治疗后达完全缓解者5年总生存率为80%,部分缓解者为50%,病变进展者为0(X2=19.58,P=0.003).19例治疗中病变进展或治疗后复发,腹腔淋巴结受侵和远处结外器官受侵最常见.结论 晚期患者生存率低,需要探讨更为有效的全身治疗方案,放疗可改善局部控制率.     

多形性胶质母细胞瘤放疗临床靶区范围及治疗的讨论

间变性星形细胞瘤为WHO Ⅲ级，多形性胶质母细胞瘤为WHO Ⅳ级，美国NCCN2007指引中建议，对于高级别胶质瘤应最大范围切除肿瘤，术后病理为间变性星形细胞瘤者，应予放疗±同期化疗±辅助化疗；而若证实为多形性胶质母细胞瘤者，则应予放疗＋同期化疗＋辅助化疗。关于高级别脑胶质瘤靶区的勾画尚无定论。我们收治一例右侧额叶混合性胶质瘤（部分为间变性星形细胞瘤，部分为多形性胶质母细胞瘤），于外院行肿瘤全切术，术后经多学科讨论后认为应予放疗加替莫唑胺同期化疗及辅助化疗。本文就此病例的放疗靶区勾画及治疗进行讨论。     

Etoposide, dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin in vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone-refractory myeloma

Based on remarkable activity in refractory lymphomas, a combination of etoposide, cisplatin (both administered by 4-day continuous infusions), cytarabine (Ara-C), and dexamethasone (EDAP) was evaluated in 20 patients with advanced myeloma refractory to standard melphalan and prednisone (MP) and/or vincristine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and dexamethasone (VAD) and even to high doses of melphalan (HDM) (seven patients). Forty percent of patients responded regardless of previously recognized risk factors (eg, duration of drug resistance, tumor mass, and serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] level). While the median survival was only 4.5 months, patients with good performance (Zubrod less than 2) and low or intermediate tumor stage survived more than 14 months compared with only 2 months for the remaining group. EDAP could be readily administered in the outpatient clinic, but neutropenic fever prompted hospital admission in 80% of patients, half of whom developed penumonia and sepsis, a fatal outcome in four patients. Severe myelosuppression was of short duration, so that subsequent cycles could be administered every 3 to 4 weeks. No serious extramedullary toxicity, including renal toxicity, was encountered. Marrow toxicity and hence infectious complications may be reduced by elimination of Ara-C without compromising treatment efficacy. We conclude that the lack of cross-resistance with VAD and even HDM makes EDAP or a similar combination an attractive regiment to be formally explored in an alternating sequence with VAD in high-risk myeloma.     

Premenopausal intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, folate, and carotenoids, and risk of breast cancer.

Intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, folate, and carotenoids have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, previous epidemiological studies on these nutrients and breast cancer risk have been inconclusive, and have included primarily postmenopausal women. We examined the intake of these nutrients in relation to breast cancer risk among 90,655 premenopausal women ages 26-46 years in 1991 in the Nurses' Health Study II. Nutrient intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1991 and in 1995. During 8 years of follow-up from 1991 to 1999, we documented 714 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Overall, none of the vitamins and carotenoids was strongly related to a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, intake of vitamin A, including preformed vitamin A and carotenoids, was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer among smokers; participants in the highest quintile of total vitamin A intake had a multivariate relative risk of 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.62; P, test for trend <0.001; P, test for interaction <0.001) compared with those in the lowest quintile of intake. We found no evidence that higher intakes of vitamins C and E, and folate in early adult life reduce risk of breast cancer. However, intake of vitamin A may be related to a reduced risk of breast cancer among smokers.     

Selenium, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, retinol, and subsequent bladder cancer

To examine the association between serum nutrients and the development of bladder cancer we measured selenium, alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, beta-carotene, retinol, and retinol-binding protein in serum collected from 25,802 persons in Washington County, MD, in 1974. Serum samples were kept frozen at -70 degrees C. In the subsequent 12-year period, 35 cases of bladder cancer developed among participants. Comparisons of serum levels in 1974 among cases and two matched controls for each case showed that selenium was significantly lower among cases than controls (P = 0.03), lycopene was lower among cases at a borderline level of significance (P = 0.07), and alpha-tocopherol was nonsignificantly lower (P = 0.13). For selenium there was a nearly linear increase in risk with decreasing serum levels (P = 0.03). When examined by tertiles, the odds ratio associated with the lowest tertile of selenium compared to the highest tertile was 2.06. Serum levels of retinol, retinol-binding protein, and beta-carotene were similar among cases and controls. These results support a role for selenium in the prevention of bladder cancer.