多普勒组织成像技术评估冠心病血运重建术整体心功能的临床研究

目的：采用多普勒组织成像(DTl)技术及常规超声心动图技术对实施血运重建术患者心功能进行评估，并用于临床术后随访检查心功能的动态变化，同时对超声的两种技术进行对比性研究。方法：对冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)患者78人，经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者88人术前、术后进行DTI及常规超声心动图检查。结果：血运重建术后，左室射血分数(EF值)及应用DTI技术检测二尖瓣环四点(室间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁)收缩期主峰S波速度的平均值术后较术前得到改善，S与EF之间的相关性较好，且S比EF的敏感性更高。DTI二尖瓣环四点的舒张早期与晚期主峰速度E／A比值的平均值术后较术前增大；而二尖瓣口血流舒张早期与晚期主峰速度E／A比值无显著差异。结论：血运重建后，冠心病患者整体心脏收缩、舒张功能得到改善；DTI技术观测冠心病患者的心功能较常规超声心动图技术敏感性及特异性均高；血运重建是冠心病患者心功能改善的重要因素之一。     

超声心动图对评价经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术后左室舒张功能的变化

目的应用超声心动图观察冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术前后左室舒张功能的动态变化。方法冠心病患者及正常对照组各38例,行多普勒组织显像(DTI)及常规超声心动图检查。结果冠心病患者术前各项舒张功能指标均与正常对照组显著不同;术后3d各指标无明显变化;术后3个月及6个月,应用DTI技术检测二尖瓣环舒张早期与晚期主峰速度Em/Am比值较术前显著增大,Teiindex显著下降;而二尖瓣口血流舒张早期与晚期主峰速度E/A比值仅在术后6个月明显改变。结论支架植入术后短期内左室舒张功能未出现明显改善,随着术后时间的延长,左室舒张功能会得到恢复。     

组织多普勒显像技术评价初发心肌梗死患者左室功能

目的探讨组织多普勒显像（DTI）技术在评价初发心肌梗死患者左室功能中的应用价值。方法常规超声心动图检查显示左室收缩及舒张功能正常的初发心肌梗死患者18例及与其年龄匹配的健康对照者15例入选本研究。应用DTI技术二尖瓣环平均运动速度指标评价两组对象的左室功能。同时计算二尖瓣血流舒张早期峰值速度与二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度的比值（E／Em）,以评估左室平均充盈压。结果心肌梗死患者组二尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度（Sm）、舒张早期速度（Em）及晚期峰值速度（Am）均明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;心肌梗死组E／Em比值明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论DTI技术可以较常规超声心动图更加敏感地检测出初发心肌梗死患者的左室功能异常。     

心肌梗死患者抗醛固酮治疗后心功能变化的多普勒组织成像研究

目的应用多普勒组织成像（DTI）技术评价心肌梗死患者抗醛固酮治疗前后心功能的动态变化。方法130例确诊心肌梗死患者分为螺内酯组（常规治疗＋螺内酯）61例与对照组（常规治疗）69例,在入选时,治疗6个月、12个月后行DTI及常规超声心动图检查。结果治疗6个月后,螺内酯组收缩期主峰s波速度的平均值（）较治疗前增加（P＜0.05）,左室射血分数（LVEF）有增加趋势但无统计学意义。治疗12个月后,螺内酯组增加（P＜0.05）,LVEF也有改善（P＜0.05）。对照组患者治疗6个月和12个月后,、LVEF均无显著性差异。各组舒张早期与晚期主峰速度比（e/a）治疗前后无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论常规治疗联合螺内酯可改善心肌梗死患者6个月和12个月收缩功能,但未改善舒张功能。     

多普勒组织成像技术评价尿毒症患者左心室舒张功能

目的　探讨脉冲多普勒组织成像 (PW DTI)技术在评价尿毒症患者心脏舒张功能中的价值。方法2 0例对照者 ,3 5例尿毒症患者均行常规超声心动图及PW DTI检查。PW DTI分析二尖瓣环 4个位点的DTI平均指标 :舒张早期峰值速率 (VE)、舒张晚期峰值速率 (VA)、VE/VA 比值。结果　根据常规超声心动图检查结果将尿毒症患者分为射血分数 (EF)正常组与EF降低组。与对照组比较 ,尿毒症EF正常组与EF降低组患者二尖瓣环 4个位点平均VE、VE/VA 均显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;与尿毒症患者二尖瓣口血流E/A值比较 ,该组患者二尖瓣环 4个位点平均VE/VA<1所占比率显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　PW DTI可较准确评价尿毒症患者心脏舒张功能且不受其左心室收缩功能影响。     

川崎病患儿二尖瓣环运动特征及临床意义

目的应用组织多普勒成像技术（TDI）测量二尖瓣环运动,评价川崎病患儿左心功能变化及其与冠状动脉损害程度的关系。方法超声心动图常规测量46例川崎病患儿左右冠状动脉内径和心功能,并根据冠状动脉损害程度分组。DTI检测二尖瓣环六个点的收缩期峰值速度（Vs）、舒张早期峰值速度（Ve）,舒张晚期峰值速度（va）,并计算二尖瓣瓣环运动e、a峰的e／a值,取六个点的平均值。同样方法检测20例正常儿童作为对照。结果 川崎病患儿左心功能指标中左室短轴缩短率（FS）、射血分数（EF）、Ve、Vs和e峰较正常对照组有不同程度减低,va、a峰较正常对照组有不同程度增高,Ve／Va和e／a比值均较正常对照组减低。心脏功能下降程度与冠状动脉损害呈正相关。结论川崎病患儿心脏功能均较正常儿童下降,其程度与冠状动脉损害相关。     

常规超声心动图结合彩色室壁动态技术评价猪急性心肌梗死模型

目的 应用常规超声心动图结合彩色室壁动态(color kinesis,CK)技术对猪急性心肌梗死(acute myocardium infarction,AMI)左心室结构和整体功能进行评价.方法 采用经冠状动脉丝线堵塞法制作小型猪AMI动物模型,于术前、术后1 d应用M型超声测量左室收缩与舒张末期内径(LVEDs,LVEDd);Simpson单平面法检测左室射血分数(EF);脉冲多普勒成像技术测量二尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰值速度(E)、舒张晚期血流峰值速度(A)并计算E/A;组织多普勒成像(Doppler tissue imaging,DTI)技术测量二尖瓣环与侧壁交界处心肌组织收缩期运动速度峰值(Sm)、舒张早期运动速度峰值(Em)、舒张晚期运动速度峰值(Am)并计算Em/Am;CK检测左心室16节段室壁运动幅度(Dis).根据健康小型猪术前左心室各节段Dis的95%可信区间下限值(5 mm)判定室壁运动异常节段(心肌缺血/梗死节段),并将CK确定的异常节段与组织病理学结果进行对照分析.结果 与术前相比,术后LVEDs增大,EF降低,Sm降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).与组织病理学结果对照分析,CK对心肌缺血/梗死节段判定的敏感性为86.67%,特异性为90.12%,准确性为89.58%.结论 常规超声心动图结合CK能对猪AMI后结构及整体心功能进行定量分析.     

多普勒组织成像对高血压左心室肥厚患者左心室舒张功能的评价

目的 应用多普勒组织成像（DTI）技术评价高血压左心室肥厚患者左心室舒张功能，并与二尖瓣血流频谱作对比。方法 研究对象为35例临床与超声诊断的高血压左心室肥厚患者（高心组）和20例正常人（对照组）。采用心尖四腔观，选取室间隔中段，左室侧壁中段，二尖瓣环-室间隔交界处、二尖瓣环一侧壁交界处为取样点，分别显示各部位组织的运动情况，并测量心肌收缩峰速度（Vs）、心肌舒张早期峰值速度（Ve）、舒张晚期峰值速度（VA）及VE与VA比值（VE/VA）。常规测量二尖瓣血流频谱，与DTI参数作对比。结果 与对照组相比，高心组室间隔中段，侧壁中段、二尖瓣环VE、VE/VA均显著下降，各部位VE/VA均与二尖瓣血流频谱E/A之间存在高度相关性；DTI对高血压左心室肥厚患者左心室舒张功能异常的诊断灵敏度高于二尖瓣血流频谱。结论 DTI技术可以定量评价高血压左心室肥厚患者的左心室舒张功能，并且比常规脉冲波多普勒二尖瓣血流参数更加敏感。     

多普勒组织成像评价高血压病患者左室舒张功能

目的　探讨应用多普勒组织成像 (DTI)技术检测二尖瓣环运动速度评估原发性高血压病左室舒张功能的应用价值。方法　应用DTI技术 ,对 5 6例原发性高血压病患者和 5 0例正常对照者二尖瓣环运动速度进行测定 ,并与常规多普勒超声心动图检查结果对照分析。结果　与正常组相比 ,高血压病患者收缩期DTI速度峰值 (S)差异无显著性意义 ,舒张早期DTI速度峰值 (Ve)显著减低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,舒张晚期DTI速度峰值 (Va)无显著变化 ,舒张早期与舒张晚期DTI速度峰值的比值 (Ve Va)显著减低 (P <0 .0 5 )。Ve Va值与二尖瓣血流频谱E A值之间存在高度相关性。结论　DTI技术检测二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度参数可用于无创评价原发性高血压病左室舒张功能。     

组织多普勒成像评价急性心肌梗死患者自体骨髓单个核细胞移植心功能

目的 应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术定量评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后应用自体骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)移植后对左心室局部和整体功能的影响.方法 分别选取24例男性AMI患者作为试验组及对照组,发病24 h内均接受PCI,试验组患者于术后7～14天内接受冠状动脉内自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植术.所有患者分别于术前、术后1个月、3个月及6个月接受常规超声心动图及TDI检查.常规超声心动图测量左心室射血分数(LVEF),TDI测量二尖瓣瓣环及左心室壁相应梗死部位心肌收缩期峰值速度(S_a、S_m)、舒张早期峰值速度(E_a、E_m)、舒张晚期峰值速度(A_a、A_m),比较不同时间点两组各指标的差异.结果 试验组与对照组术前各项指标差异均无统计学意义.与对照组相比,试验组术后1个月、3个月及6个月S_a、S_m、E_m、E_a/A_a及Em/Am均明显提高;术后3个月及6个月LVEF及E_a较对照组提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 联合应用自体BMMNC移植较常规PCI更有助于AMI患者局部及整体收缩、舒张功能的改善;利用TDI可对其进行定量检测.     

多普勒组织成像鉴别陈旧性心肌梗死患者舒张功能假性正常

目的 探讨应用多普勒组织成像（DTI）检测二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度可否鉴别陈旧性心肌梗死（OMI）患者舒张功能假性正常。 方法 OMI舒张功能假性正常患者68例，正常对照组50例，应用脉冲多普勒（PWD）分别测量二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速（E）、舒张晚期峰值流速（A）、E／A、E峰减速时间（DT）、左室等容舒张时间（IRT）、肺静脉收缩波（S）、舒张波（D）、S／D及心房收缩波（Ar）；转换DTI速度模式，测量左室侧壁缘二尖瓣环舒张早期运动峰值速度（Ea）、舒张晚期运动峰值速度（Aa）并计算Ea／Aa。 结果 OMI舒张功能假性正常患者与正常人的年龄和血流频谱E、A、E／A、IRT、D、S／D及二尖瓣环Aa测值比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05），DT缩短和S波降低具有显著性差异（P〈0．05），肺静脉血流Ar较正常人升高，而二尖瓣环Ea及Ea／Aa较比正常人明显减低，具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。 结论 DTI检测二尖瓣环Ea及Ea／Aa比值可鉴别OMI患者舒张功能假性正常。     

Effects of first myocardial infarction on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function with the use of mitral annular velocity determined by pulsed wave doppler tissue imaging.

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of a first myocardial infarction (MI) on the systolic and diastolic velocity profiles of the mitral annulus determined by pulsed wave Doppler tissue imaging and thereby evaluate left ventricular (LV) function after MI. Seventy-eight patients with a first MI were examined before discharge. Peak systolic, peak early diastolic, and peak late diastolic velocities were recorded at 4 different sites on the mitral annulus corresponding to the septum, anterior, lateral, and inferior sites of the left ventricle. In addition, the amplitude of mitral annular motion at the 4 above LV sites, the ejection fraction, and conventional Doppler diastolic parameters were recorded. Nineteen age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Compared with healthy subjects, the MI patients had a significantly reduced peak systolic velocity at the mitral annulus, especially at the infarction sites. A relatively good linear correlation was found between the ejection fraction and the mean systolic velocity from the 4 LV sites (r = 0.74, P <.001). The correlation was also good when the mean peak systolic mitral annular velocity was tested against the magnitude of the mean mitral annular motion (r = 0.77, P <.001). When the patients were divided into 2 different groups with respect to an ejection fraction > or =0.50 or <0.50, a cutoff point of mean systolic mitral annular velocity of > or =7.5 cm/s had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 88% in predicting a preserved global LV systolic function. Similar to systolic velocities, the early diastolic velocity was also reduced, especially at the infarction sites. The peak mitral annular early diastolic velocity correlated well with both LV ejection fraction (r =.66, P <.001) and mean systolic mitral annular motion (r = 0.68, P <.001). However, no correlation existed between the early diastolic velocity and conventional diastolic Doppler parameters. The reduced peak systolic mitral annular velocity seems to be an expression of regionally reduced systolic function. The peak early diastolic velocity is also reduced, especially at the infarction sites, and reflects regional diastolic dysfunction. Thus, quantification of myocardial velocity by Doppler tissue imaging opens up a new possibility of assessing LV function along its long axis.     

多普勒组织成像鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常

目的　探讨应用多普勒组织成像 (DTI)二尖瓣环舒张速度鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常。方法　在正常人与肥厚型心肌病患者中应用脉冲多普勒技术分别测量二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值速率 (E)、舒张晚期峰值速率 (A) ,肺静脉收缩波 (S)、舒张波 (D)及心房收缩波 (Ar)。转换DTI速度模式 ,测量二尖瓣环各点舒张早期峰值速率 (Ea)、舒张晚期峰值速率 (Aa)并计算Ea/Aa。结果　肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常患者与正常人二尖瓣E、A、E/A差异无显著性意义 (均 P >0 .0 5 ) ,肺静脉S、S/D、Ar差异有显著性意义 (均 P <0 .0 1) ,二尖瓣环Ea及Ea/Aa差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,Aa差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　多普勒组织成像二尖瓣环Ea及Ea/Aa可鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常     

组织多普勒评价经皮室间隔化学消融术对肥厚梗阻型心肌病左心室收缩舒张功能的影响

目的 应用多普勒组织成像测量室间隔、后壁和二尖瓣环各点速度.以评价肥厚梗阻型心肌病患者在经皮室间隔化学消融术(PTSMA)前后左室收缩舒张功能的改变.方法 在PTSMA术前、术后急性期对肥厚梗阻型心肌病患者分别测量室间隔、左室后壁和二尖瓣环各点收缩期、舒张期早期和舒张晚期峰值速度.结果 肥厚型心肌病患者术后急性期室间隔、左室后壁和二尖瓣环各点收缩期、舒张期早期峰值速度均较术前减低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).舒张晚期峰值也较术前减低,大部分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 肥厚型心肌病患者PTSMA术后急性期左室长轴收缩功能及主动松弛功能较术前减低.     

Cardiac resynchronization therapy acutely improves diastolic function.

BACKGROUND: Invasive studies have shown that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) acutely improves left ventricular (LV) systolic performance and lowers filling pressures in a majority of patients with medically-refractory severe heart failure. Measurements included LV volume, ejection fraction, PWD early (E-wave) and atrial (A-wave) velocities, diastolic filling time (DFT), and DTI early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em) at the lateral and septal annulus; PWD mitral E-wave/Em and E/FP were calculated to estimate LV filling pressures. RESULTS: Immediately after CRT, LV volumes decreased and LVEF increased significantly. PWD mitral E-wave velocity decreased and E-wave duration and DFT increased significantly; mitral E/FP ratio also decreased significantly, consistent with a decrease in LV filling pressure. Patients with a pre-CRT mitral E/A ratio >1 (n = 20), demonstrated improvements in LV diastolic filling and lower filling pressures whereas those with an E/A ratio < or =1 (n = 21) did not show significant changes in diastolic indices. CONCLUSIONS: The acute effects of CRT include echocardiographic evidence of reduced LV volumes and increased LVEF with improved diastolic filling and lower filling pressures; LV relaxation is not significantly altered. The benefits in diastolic function are dependent on the PWD-determined LV filling characteristics prior to CRT.     

Pulsed Doppler tissue imaging in dystrophinopathic cardiomyopathy.

Cardiac dysfunction is a primary feature in patients and female carriers of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Conventional echocardiography and pulsed Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) were performed in 28 patients with BMD, in 20 female carriers, and in 38 control participants (20 men and 18 women). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in BMD patients (P <.02) and carriers (P <.02) than in normal participants. Two subgroups of BMD patients were identified: A1 = LVEF > or = 55% (n = 20) and A2 = LVEF < 55% (n = 8). The carriers displayed LVEF > or = 55%. Compared with control participants the diastolic alterations by conventional echocardiography were lower early filling peak in the subgroup A1 (P <.05) and prolonged isovolumic relaxation time in A1, A2, and in carriers (at least P <.02). Furthermore, pulsed DTI showed lower early diastolic wave peak at basal septum in A2 (P <.05) and in carriers (P <.0001); at lateral mitral annulus and at basal inferior wall in A1, A2, and in carriers (at least P <.05); lower early/late diastolic wave ratio at basal septum and lateral mitral annulus (P <.05) in carriers; and prolonged isovolumic relaxation time in A1, A2, and in carriers (at least P <.02), except at lateral mitral annulus of carriers. Systolic parameters investigated by pulsed DTI detected lower peak systolic wave at basal septum in A1, A2, and carriers (P <.02); at lateral mitral annulus in carriers (P <.02); at basal inferior wall in A1, A2 (P <.02), and in carriers (P <.0001); and lower time-velocity integral of S wave at each segment in A1, A2, and in carriers. In dystrophinopathic cardiomyopathy, pulsed DTI may be a useful technique to assess diastolic dysfunction and appears to be a promising tool in identifying early regional systolic alterations in patients and carriers with normal LVEF.