MRI of infarction of a cavernous sinus tumor in Nelson's syndrome

We report the MRI appearances of an infarcted cavernous sinus tumor in a patient with Nelson's syndrome. Invasive tumors of the pituitary extending to the cavernous sinus are discussed and the role of MRI in preoperative investigation is highlighted.     

垂体瘤的CT和MRI增强

目的：分析垂体瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ增强表现，探讨增强后ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对诊断垂体瘤的价值。材料和方法：对手术和病理证实的２４２例垂体瘤，回顾性分析ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ增强前后表现。结果：２４２例中微腺瘤（≤１０ｍｍ）８１例，大腺瘤（＞１０ｍｍ）１６１例。微腺瘤直接征象为垂体内的ＣＴ低密度或ＭＲＩ（Ｔ１ＷＩ）低信号。增强后ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ显著提高低密度或低信号的显示率（Ｐ＜０．０１）。大腺瘤增强后扫描肿瘤均有不同程度的强化。ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ增强对于显示肿瘤的部位、大小、范围、鞍旁结构如海绵窦和颈内动脉的受侵情况以及显示残存正常垂体均有很高的价值。介绍了一种新的ＭＲＩ垂体瘤分级方法－ＳＩＰＡＰ分级系统。结论：ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ增强对垂体瘤的定位、定性、定量和定级诊断均具有至关重要的作用。     

垂体卒中的CT,MRI与临床对照研究

分析垂体卒中ＣＴ,ＭＲＩ表现与临床表明,探讨ＣＴ,ＭＲＩ对垂体卒中的诊断价值。材料和方法：对手术和病理证实的４６例垂体卒中进行回顾性分析。男性２０例,又性２６例,年龄２３～６９岁,平均４４岁。４６岁中,３２例行ＣＴ检查,其中单纯平扫７例,平扫＋增强２５例;４６例均作ＭＲＩ检查,其中单纯平扫１４例,平扫＋增强３２例。结果：４６例均为垂体大腺瘤基础上并发出血和（或）坏死。３２例ＣＴ检查中,垂体瘤出血１     

鼻咽腺样体肥大的MR及CT诊断

目的:探讨腺样体肥大的CT及MR诊断价值及腺样体-鼻咽腔比率(A/N比值)对判断腺样体肥大程度的应用。方法:分析139例腺样体肥大患者的CT及MR表现,其中作CT矢状面图像重组或MR矢状面扫描的42例。重点观察病变部位的形态改变、邻近解剖关系及其并发症,并对其矢状面图像进行A/N比值测定。结果:腺样体肥大的CT及MR表现为鼻咽顶后壁中央弥漫性的软组织增生,呈团块状、山丘样突出或不规则增厚,咽旁间隙及颈动脉鞘区均无浸润表现,邻近骨质无异常改变。腺样体肥大指数A/N比值≥0.71有33例,0.70≥A/N比值≥0.61有7例,A/N比值≤0.60有2例。结论:CT和MR的横断面图像及矢状面图像的A/N比值的测定能准确地诊断腺样体肥大,明确并发症,并能准确量化肥大程度。     

CT and MRI of sellar spine with upward extension of the pituitary gland: case report

This is a report of CT and MRI findings in a patient with a sellar spine which caused deformity of the pituitary gland. The sellar spine is an infrequent anatomical variant characterized by an osseous spine which arises in the midline from the anterior aspect of the dorsum sellae and extends into the pituitary fossa. The CT and MRI findings of sellar spine have been described in previous reports; however, only one investigator reported deformity of the pituitary gland as revealed by CT. This is the first report of the MRI finding of the sellar spine associated with a deformity and superior extension of the pituitary gland, mimicking pituitary hypertrophy. Received 6 November 1995; Revision received 29 March 1996; Accepted 9 April 1996     

CT、MRI对脊髓型颈椎病的诊断分析

目的探讨CT、MRI对脊髓型颈椎病（CSM）的诊断价值。方法对32例CSM患者的CT、MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果 32例患者中,CT显示骨性椎管狭窄5例,其中先天性狭窄3例,椎体缘骨质增生22例,钩突和关节突关节增生20例,有不同程度椎间盘突出23例,后纵韧带及项韧带钙化13例。MRI显示椎间盘突出、变性28例,后纵韧带增厚21例,黄韧带增厚7例,全部病例脊髓不同程度受压,其中脊髓变性6例。结论 CT、MRI是重要的检查CSM的方法,能为临床治疗提供确切依据。     

State-of-the-art CT and MRI of the adrenal gland

Both CT and MRI have achieved high accuracy in the investigation of patients suspected of having adrenal pathology. The choice of technique will depend on several factors discussed in the review. The advent of spiral CT has allowed the examination to be tailored to demonstrating the adrenal with very high spatial resolution and it remains the most widely used initial technique. This review concentrates on new techniques for evaluating the incidentally discovered adrenal mass and differentiating between adrenal adenomas and metastases. Received: 12 September 1996; Revision received 28 October 1996; Accepted 6 November 1996     

脊髓栓系综合症的CT、MRI研究

目的 探讨脊髓栓系综合征（ＴＣＳ）ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ特点及诊断价值。材料与方法 回顾性分析ＴＣＳ３２例,对其ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ表现,临床特点和相关资料进行对照分析。结果 ３２例中,脊髓低位２６例,脊髓位置正常６例,低位脊髓合并脊髓纵裂５例,双干脊髓６例,椎管内脂肪瘤１０例,椎管内皮样囊肿３例,脊髓空洞症５例,脂肪脊髓膨出７例,半锥体３例,椎板缺如３例,棘突分叉畸形８例。脊髓位置正常合并双干脊髓３例,脊髓空洞症     

CT and MRI of amyloidoma of the CNS

We present a case of cerebral amyloidoma in a 71-year-old woman. The clinical presentation and the radiological features were both highly suggestive for a brain tumor. Received 20 October 1995; Revision received 8 July 1996; Accepted 30 August 1996     

囊性肾癌的超声、CT及MR影像学诊断

囊性肾癌(cysticrenal cell carcinoma,CRCC)是肾癌的一种少见类型,在病理上肿瘤细胞核分裂和肿瘤分期均较低,预后较好。其临床表现缺乏特异性,超声、CT及MR影像学表现与一般肾癌不同。目前对于囊性肾癌的术前诊断,CT和MRI扫描仍为主要检查手段。囊液密度或信号、囊壁及分隔厚薄和附壁结节、钙化、病灶与肾组织分界、假包膜及增强扫描表现等是影像诊断中观察的重点。其CT、MRI表现具有一定特征,表现典型者可做出明确诊断。     

细菌性肝脓肿早期CT与MRI诊断现状及进展

在肝脓肿早期影像诊断中,CT增强扫描动脉期可能出现肝一过性密度（衰减）差异,静脉期"花簇征"或"蜂窝征",延迟期"逐渐充填征",为诊断该病的可靠征象;在肝动脉灌注成像（hepatic arterial perfusion,HAP）上,脓肿病变区及脓肿邻近区呈明显高灌注,脓肿内坏死区无灌注。肝脓肿在MRI平扫T₂WI上表现为高信号,而在T₁WI上为稍低信号;增强扫描动脉期可出现一过性强化信号,静脉期、延迟期与CT表现相似;在扩散加权成像（diffusionweighted imaging,DWI）上,脓肿未完全液化时表观扩散加权系数（apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC）值相对较低,DWI表现为高信号;灌注成像表现为时间-信号曲线（time-signal curve,TSC）呈速升-缓升型式。     

MRI联合CT在股骨头缺血性坏死诊断中的应用

目的 探讨MRI联合CT在股骨头缺血性坏死（ANFH）早期诊断中的价值.方法 将我院2012年10月～2013年10月收治98例ANFH患者作为研究对象,对所有患者都进行两侧髋关节的CT和MRI检查,对两者定性诊断敏感度和早期影像学进行分析.结果 CT诊断ANFH敏感度为88.78％,MRI为90.81％,二者比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2 =0.974,P=0.103）;二者联合诊断准确率为97.96％（96/98）,与CT及MRI诊断敏感度比较,差异均具有统计学意义（χ^2 =4.321、4.095,P=0.016、0.022）;CT和MRI对ANFH阳性患者检测分期比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 CT与MRI检查方法对于ANFH的诊断均具较高的敏感性,但二者联合应用后可互补对ANFH患者进行诊断,显著提高诊断敏感度,为今后ANFH患者的诊断提供有效可行的模式参考.     

MRI findings in the mild type of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter's syndrome)

Summary Neuroradiological findings in a 44-year-old male with the typical mild type of Hunter's disease are reported. Cranial MRI revealed patchy areas of increased and decreased signals in T1- and T2-weighted images in the thalamus and the basal ganglia giving rise to a honey comb-like appearance as a whole. The deep white matter showed high signals in the T2-weighted image. To our knowledge, the honey comb-like appearance has never been reported in this disorder. Deposition of mucopolysaccharides and/or glycolipids and increase in fluid content seem to be responsible for these changes.     

PET/CT versus MRI for diagnosis,staging, and follow‐up of lung cancer

Positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT), with its metabolic data of ¹⁸F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) cellular uptake in addition to morphologic CT data, is an established technique for staging of lung cancer and has higher sensitivity and accuracy for lung nodule characterization than conventional approaches. Its strength extends outside the chest, with unknown metastases detected or suspected metastases excluded in a significant number of patients. Lastly, PET/CT is used in the assessment of therapy response. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the chest has been difficult to establish, but with the advent of new sequences is starting to become an increasingly useful alternative to conventional approaches. Diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) is useful for distinguishing benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, has high sensitivity and specificity for nodal staging, and is helpful for evaluating an early response to systemic chemotherapy. Whole‐body MRI/PET promises to contribute additional information with its higher soft‐tissue contrast and much less radiation exposure than PET/CT and has become feasible for fast imaging and can be used for cancer staging in patients with a malignant condition. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:247–260.     

CT and MRI appearances of a thoracic chordoma

A case of a chordoma in the thoracic spine is presented. This is a very rare tumour in this location and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any posterior mediastinal mass. The appearances on CT and MRI were similar to chordomas described in other locations. On T2-weighted images septae of low signal intensity radiated throughout the large high-signal mass. This feature may be of use in differentiating chordomas from other posterior mediastinal masses. Received 12 September 1997; Revision received 2 April 1998; Accepted 29 April 1998     

CT diagnosis of afferent loop syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To report the computed tomography (CT) features of afferent loop syndrome which is often clinically unsuspected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT studies of five patients with afferent loop syndrome were reviewed. These patients had undergone gastroenterostomy and other surgical procedures, for malignant neoplasms in four and for peptic ulcer in one. Patients presented between 4 months and 15 years (average 5.5 years) after surgery. Symptoms were acute in all patients, the most common symptom being abdominal pain. In addition three of the patients had chronic symptoms including recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, recurrent ascending cholangitis, jaundice and bilious vomiting. RESULTS: The obstructed afferent loop appeared on CT as a fluid-filled tubular mass with an average diameter of 5.3cm. Valvulae conniventes were identified in all, and small intraluminal air bubbles in four. The dilated afferent loop was opacified with oral contrast material in only one patient. The loop was located in the subhepatic area in three patients and crossed the midline between the aorta and the superior mesenteric vessels in the other two. Additional findings included biliary dilatation in all five patients and signs of pancreatitis in one. Treatment was surgical in four patients (delayed for four months in one) and conservative in one. CONCLUSION: A fluid-filled tubular structure containing small air bubbles in the right upper quadrant or crossing the midline on CT in symptomatic patients after gastroenterostomy is characteristic of a dilated, possibly obstructed, afferent loop. The diagnosis is often not suspected clinically since patients may present many years after the initial surgery. Recognition of the characteristic CT findings will avoid both inappropriate procedures such as aspiration or drainage of an obstructed afferent loop and delay in treatment.     

CT和MRI诊断脑节细胞胶质瘤

目的:分析脑节细胞胶质瘤的CT和MRI表现,探讨其CT、MRI特点。材料和方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的12例脑节细胞胶质瘤的MRI表现和6例CT表现。结果:幕上10例和幕下2例。CT平扫肿瘤呈等、低密度,伴高密度钙化3例。T1WI呈等、低信号,4级节细胞胶质瘤1例呈高低混杂信号;T2WI呈高信号或伴等、低信号区。增强扫描1级节细胞胶质瘤无增强2例;2～4级节细胞胶质瘤轻度斑片状增强3例,显著不均匀增强7例。结论:脑节细胞胶质瘤有一些MRI和CT表现特点,结合临床大多数病例可诊断。     

MRI findings of muscle involvement in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome

A 40-year-old white man presented with fever, muscle pain, skin nodules and persistent hypereosinophilia over a period of 1 year. In addition, he had ventricular arrhythmias with episodes of tachycardia. Besides a lack of response to antiparasitic therapy, laboratory and pathological data excluded the diagnosis of trichinosis or any other parasitic infection. The patient's course of the disease over the previous 1¹/₂ years was compatible with hypereosinophilic syndrome. In a muscle biopsy several eosinophilic perivascular and leucocytic intravascular infiltrates were found, indicative of muscle involvement by the disease. This is a report on the MRI findings of muscle involvement in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Reveived: 29 December 1997; Revision received: 9 March 1998; Accepted: 20 April 1998     

小脑幕脑膜瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的:探讨小脑幕脑膜瘤的CT、MRI表现,提高其诊断水平。材料和方法:回顾性分析17例经病理证实为小脑幕脑膜瘤的CT、MRI表现。结果:17例小脑幕脑膜瘤中,肿瘤呈哑铃状8例、突向幕下6例和突向幕上3例。CT呈略高密度12例、等密度3例和完全钙化2例。T1WI呈等低信号8例和略高信号5例;T2WI略高信号11例和等信号2例。肿瘤非钙化部分均呈明显增强。结论:小脑幕脑膜瘤的CT、MRI表现较为典型,但单纯CT轴位扫描定位困难,CT多层面重建(MPR)及MRI多方位扫描有助于对其做出正确诊断。     

骨纤维异常增殖症MRI与CT表现

目的:分析骨纤维异常增殖症的MRI与CT特点,探讨其特点与病理之间的关系.材料和方法:分析7例由手术病理证实的骨纤维异常增殖症的MRI与CT特点.结果:由于在病理上组织成份的不同, T2WI呈不同信号特点,增强扫描亦呈现不同的特点.在T2WI所呈现的信号特点依赖于骨小梁、细胞成份及胶原纤维的多少.CT表现主要为磨玻璃样改变、囊状低密度影和斑块样硬化,无明显骨膜反应存在.结论:骨纤维异常增殖症的MRI与CT特点与病理结果有直接的关系.