腹直肌鞘血肿的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨腹直肌鞘血肿的诊断与治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析RSH患者12例,男4例,女8例,年龄37~81岁,平均年龄60.6岁,其中接受抗凝治疗5例,抗血小板治疗2例。分析患者症状、体征、血肿解剖特点、辅助检查、治疗方法及预后。结果：12例RSH中位于上腹部4例、下腹部8例。10例有突发腹痛症状,11例可触及腹壁包块并明显压痛。12例行腹部CT平扫均正确诊断,其中Ⅰ型血肿8例、Ⅱ型2例、Ⅲ型2例。11例患者保守治疗后血肿吸收,1例经保守治疗血肿液化后行穿刺引流术,血肿完全吸收。结论：RSH常见于老年人,尤其是接受抗凝、抗血小板治疗的患者,临床多表现为突发腹痛并腹壁包块,CT检查有助于早期明确诊断,保守治疗多能取得良好效果。     

Intrapelvic malignant nerve sheath tumors presenting as acute urinary retention: A case report and literature review

Malignant nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare sarcomas tumors which rarely present as intrapelvic mass and are hard to diagnose clinically. We present a 29‐year‐old male patient presented with acute urinary retention and was diagnosed with large intrapelvic mass. After complete surgical resection, the histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of low MPNST.     

An unusual case of urinary retention due to imperforate hymen.

A 15 year old girl presented to the accident and emergency (A&E) department with a 24 hour history of lower abdominal pain, and was found to have acute urinary retention. She was discovered to have an imperforate hymen with associated haematocolpos and haematometrium. This is rare and is hence a very unusual presentation to the A&E department. Patients presenting with retention of urine should be carefully assessed for the cause.     

An unusual case of urinary retention due to imperforate hymen.

A 15 year old girl presented to the accident and emergency (A&E) department with a 24 hour history of lower abdominal pain, and was found to have acute urinary retention. She was discovered to have an imperforate hymen with associated haematocolpos and haematometrium. This is rare and is hence a very unusual presentation to the A&E department. Patients presenting with retention of urine should be carefully assessed for the cause.     

Acute urinary retention due to ectopic pregnancy

Two cases of ectopic pregnancy are presented in which acute urinary retention was a salient clinical feature. The emergency physician must consider ectopic pregnancy in the differential diagnosis in any woman of child-bearing age with abdominal, pelvic, or urinary complaints.     

Conservative treatment of large rectus sheath hematoma in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe our experience in the conservative management of large rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of the medical histories of 12 cases of RSH (11 female, one male; mean age = 67.6 years). Seven patients were taking oral anticoagulants, three were taking intravenous unfractionated heparin, and two were taking subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin. Six patients had a history of coughing fits. Ultrasound examination and computed tomography (CT) was performed in all cases. RESULTS: Clinically, the majority of patients presented acute abdominal pain, infraumbilical masses, and anemic syndrome. Ultrasonography demonstrated nine of the 12 cases of RSH, and CT showed the hematoma in all 12 cases. Type II (five cases) and type III (seven cases) indicate moderate and severe hematomas, respectively. Excessive anticoagulation was observed in eight cases, and coagulation within correct ranges was seen in the remaining four cases. In five patients the normalization of coagulation was achieved by administering vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma. All cases of type III hematoma required blood transfusion. Conservative treatment was effective in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: RSH must be suspected in women of advanced age undergoing treatment with anticoagulants who present the clinical triad of acute abdominal pain, infraumbilical mass, and anemic syndrome. CT is the examination of choice for the diagnosis of RSH. Early diagnosis of RSH permits conservative management, even in the case of large hematomas with hemodynamic repercussions and avoids unnecessary surgical intervention.     

Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block for anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome after laparoscopic surgery: A case report

BACKGROUNDAnterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome is defined as abdominal pain due to entrapped intercostal nerves. This is the first report of a patient successfully treated for anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome after laparoscopic surgery with an ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block. The rectus sheath block physically lysed adhesions and relieved pain from anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome.CASE SUMMARYThe patient is a 44-year-old man who presented with severe left upper abdominal pain at an operative scar one month after laparoscopic ulcer repair. Diagnosis and treatment were performed using an ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block with 0.1% lidocaine 20 mL. The pain was relieved after the block. The diagnosis was anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. Rectus sheath block may be effective for patients with anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome.CONCLUSIONUltrasound-guided rectus sheath block is a promising treatment modality for patients with postoperative anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome due to adhesions.     

间歇导尿与留置导尿治疗尿潴留的系统评价

[目的]系统评价间歇导尿与留置导尿治疗尿潴留的有效性和安全性。[方法]采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索PubMed,EMBASE,Co-chrane图书馆,CBM,CNKI,VIP等数据库,手工检索相关领域的杂志,并用Google Scholar和Medical Martix等搜索引擎在互联网上查找相关文献。收集有关间歇导尿与留置导尿比较治疗尿潴留的随机或半随机对照试验,按照Cochrane系统评价员手册4.2.6版推荐的质量评价标准纳入研究质量,并对同质研究采用RevMan5.1进行Meta分析。[结果]共纳入8个随机对照试验,包括797例病人。2个研究采用随机数字表进行分组,2个研究描述了分配隐藏,2个研究描述了盲法。Meta分析结果显示:间歇导尿组的病人尿路感染人数少于留置导尿组[OR=0.56,95%CI(0.37,0.87)],差异有统计学意义。两组在导尿术一段时间后排尿正常人数[OR=1.48,95%CI(0.74,2.95)]和不适感人数[OR=0.59,95%CI(0.21,1.68)]方面的差异无统计学意义。[结论]现有证据表明,间歇导尿术治疗尿潴留在降低尿路感染方面优于留置导尿,而在导尿术一段时间后排尿正常人数和不适感人数等方面没有证据证明其有优势。     

Sonographic demonstration of a spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma following a sneeze: a case report and review of the literature

Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma (SRSH) is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain characterized by bleeding within the rectus sheath; it is a benign condition and, in most cases, it is treated conservatively. Bleeding of the abdominal wall is an unusual condition that is quite challenging to identify promptly and can be easily overlooked during a routine physical examination. In daily practice, anticoagulant therapy is one of the main risk factors for hemorrhagic events. In this respect, we report a rare case of spontaneous hematoma of the abdominal wall (diagnosed and monitored through an ultrasound examination) that arose after sneezing in a patient receiving anticoagulant treatment.     

清洁间歇导尿在宫颈癌根治术后尿潴留病人中的应用进展

综述清洁间歇导尿技术应用于宫颈癌根治术后尿潴留病人中的可行性、现状及护理干预.指出清洁间歇导尿技术在宫颈癌术后病人中还未得到有效推广,饮水计划的具体实施和导管的选择缺乏统一的规范,亟需大样本、多中心、高质量的随机对照研究和相关指南.     

留置导尿并发尿路感染的原因分析及护理对策

目的 :探讨留置导尿并发尿路感染的原因及护理对策。方法 :回顾分析留置导尿 16 0例的临床资料 ,按尿管留置时间、集尿袋更换时间以及有无膀胱冲洗分组 ,就各组感染率进行比较。结果 :留置尿管时间越长、集尿袋更换越频繁 ,尿路感染发生率越高 ;膀胱冲洗与否 ,尿路感染的发生率无明显差异。结论 :严格掌握留置导尿的适应证 ,尽量缩短留置导尿时间 ,集尿袋的更换以 1周为宜 ;膀胱冲洗不能有效降低尿路感染的发生率。     

硬膜外麻醉术后输液速度对急性尿潴留的影响

目的:探讨硬膜外麻醉术后输液速度对急性尿潴留的影响.方法:将202例普外科硬膜外麻醉术后患者随机分为对照组和观察组各101例,对照组术后输液速度为常规滴速(40～60滴/min);观察组术后输液速度为20滴/min,麻醉消失后改常规滴速.观察两组术后排尿困难和急性尿潴留发生率.结果:两组患者术后排尿困难、急性尿潴留发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:硬膜外麻醉患者术后2 h内减慢输液速度可降低排尿困难及急性尿潴留发生率,减轻患者痛苦,促进康复.     

Massive bladder inguinal hernia leading to acute urinary retention

Bladder inguinal hernias are infrequently encountered in clinical practice. When present, the patient's main concern may be urinary difficulties such as retention. Careful history and physical examination will reveal the diagnosis in most cases, however, advanced imaging may be required. Emergent surgical consultation is required and urological consultation may be needed for preoperative planning and assistance. We present a case of a patient with almost complete herniation of bladder into left inguinal canal into the left hemiscrotum.