乌贼墨对小鼠造血干细胞、粒-单系祖细胞及外周白细胞的影响

目的探讨乌贼墨对小鼠造血干细胞、粒-单系祖细胞及外周血WBC的影响。方法用不同剂量的乌贼墨灌胃正常小鼠、环磷酰胺(Cy)和辐射骨髓损伤模型小鼠,采用造血祖细胞体外培养方法和实验血液学技术,检测小鼠骨髓造血干细胞生成数(CFU-S)、粒-单系祖细胞集落生成数(CFU-GM)和外周血WBC数量。结果乌贼墨能够显著提高正常小鼠CFU-S,CFU-GM和外周血WBC数量,有效拮抗模型小鼠体内CFU-S,CFU-GM及外周WBC的降低,并显著促进模型小鼠上述各指标的恢复。结论乌贼墨具有显著的促进小鼠骨髓粒系造血作用。其作用机制可能通过调节机体的免疫机能,诱导机体产生粒/单核细胞集落刺激因子和多种细胞因子,促进造血细胞的增殖,并诱导造血细胞向粒单系细胞分化。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对化疗所致骨髓抑制的改善作用

目的 探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对化疗所致骨髓抑制的改善作用。方法 1 体内实验:将C57BL/6j小鼠随机分为正常对照组、环磷酰胺(Cy)所致骨髓抑制模型对照组(ip给予生理盐水)以及模型＋NAC 30,90和270 mg·kg^-1组,每天1次,连续10 d。给药第4天一次性ip给予Cy 380 mg·kg^-1制备骨髓抑制小鼠模型。造模后第1,2,3,4和7天,鼠尾静脉取血20 μl检测外周血像,同时取一侧股骨骨髓,检测骨髓单个核细胞(BM-MNC)数目;造模后第1天,检测BM-MNC凋亡和细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平。2 体外实验:C57BL/6j小鼠一次性ip给予Cy 380 mg·kg^-1后第3天,取BM-MNC进行造血祖细胞培养,在培养体系中加入NAC 0.01, 0.1, 1和5 mmol·L^-1,于第7~12天检测造血祖细胞粒红巨噬巨核系集落形成单位(CFU-Mix)、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)和红系爆式形成单位(BFU-E)数目,观察NAC体外对骨髓抑制模型小鼠造血祖细胞增殖分化的影响。结果 1 体内实验:与正常对照组相比,ip给予Cy后第1~4天,模型组BM-MNC和外周血白细胞(WBC)数目显著下降,造模后第7天仍未恢复正常。与模型组相比,造模第2天,NAC 270 mg·kg^-1组WBC数目降低;其余各时间点,NAC各治疗组的WBC数目无明显差异,NAC 30和90 mg·kg^-1组WBC最低值于造模后第4天出现。与模型组比较,造模后第1天NAC 30和90 mg·kg^-1组ROS水平降低,BM-MNC凋亡率无明显差异; 造模后第1~2天BM-MNC明显增加。2 体外实验:与正常对照组相比,模型组造血祖细胞CFU-Mix,CFU-GM和BFU-E数目均明显降低;与模型组比较,NAC 0.1 mmol·L^-1能够增加骨髓抑制小鼠骨髓造血祖细胞CFU-GM和BFU-E数目,但NAC 5 mmol·L^-1减少模型小鼠CFU-GM,BFU-E和CFU-Mix数目。结论 NAC通过降低ROS水平对化疗所致骨髓抑制有一定的改善作用。     

癌症病人血浆对正常骨髓CFU—GM生长影响初步观察

本文测定了10例正常人血浆及25例癌症病人血浆对正常骨髓粒—单系祖细胞(CFU-GM)的诱导活性。结果提示:正常血浆具有很高的CFU-GM诱导活性。而大多数癌症血浆(72％)不仅缺乏CFU-GM诱导活性,且抑制CFU-GM生长。     

骨髓造血干细胞分离 保存的研究

目的探讨骨髓造血干细胞分离及保存的方法。方法应用羟乙基淀粉(HES)或percoll液分离骨髓造血干细胞;联合应用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和HES对造血干细胞进行液氮保存。应用血细胞计数法、锥虫蓝拒染实验、粒-巨噬细胞集落生成单位(CFU-GM)的体外培养等方法对造血干细胞冷冻前后的有核细胞(NC)数、存活率、体外分化能力进行检测;应用流式分析法计数CD34+细胞数。结果利用HES沉降法分离的单个核细胞数、CD34+细胞数、CFU-GM集落数均比percoll液离心法明显增多;骨髓造血干细胞冷冻保存1年后的有核细胞数、CD34+细胞数、锥虫蓝活率、CFU-GM集落计数与保存前差异无统计学意义。结论HES法分离骨髓造血干细胞方法安全、有效;通过程序降温,联合使用DMSO及HES的低温冻存方法对骨髓造血干细胞的长期保存是适合的。     

黄芪和当归的主要活性成分配伍对骨髓抑制小鼠造血功能的影响

目的探讨黄芪和当归的主要活性成分配伍对骨髓抑制小鼠模型的促造血作用。方法对芪归1∶1配伍提取物测定5种主要活性成分阿魏酸、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷含量,以确定配伍剂量。小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组和各给药组。空白对照组给予溶剂灌胃7 d;模型组同上灌胃,于d 3腹腔注射环磷酰胺,连续3 d;各药物组灌胃给药,同上造模。检测外周血象、血清造血生长因子(HGF)含量、造血祖细胞集落数。结果芪归配伍提取物和活性成分配伍均可明显增加外周血白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血小板数(Pt)、血红蛋白(HGB)含量和骨髓造血组织面积,明显增加血清粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、促血小板生成素(TPO)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)含量和骨髓粒-单核细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)、巨核细胞集落形成单位(CFU-MK)、红系集落形成单位(CFU-E)和爆式红系集落形成单位(BFU-E)数,两者作用相近。各成分中,阿魏酸可促进WBC和骨髓造血组织面积的恢复;5种成分均可促进RBC和HGB的恢复;阿魏酸和黄芪甲苷可促进Pt的恢复。5个成分均可升高TPO含量;阿魏酸和毛蕊异黄酮可升高GM-CSF含量;阿魏酸、毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷可升高EPO含量。除黄芪甲苷外,其它4种成分均可使CFU-GM增加;5种活性成分均可增加CFU-MK、CFU-E;仅阿魏酸可增加BFU-E。结论黄芪当归配伍发挥补血作用的主要药效物质是以上5种活性成分,这些活性成分配伍对促进造血可发挥增效作用。     

氨磷汀与峰龄多糖对外周血造血干细胞的刺激增殖及协同作用

目的研究氨磷汀(WR-2721)和峰龄多糖(FLPS)对人外周血造血干/祖细胞的刺激增殖及协同作用.方法分离单个核细胞(MNC),进行甲基纤维素半固体培养,观察氨磷汀和峰龄多糖对骨髓粒-巨噬细胞集落(CFU-GM)的作用.结果经0.01～5.0 mmol/L氨磷汀37℃作用30分钟的MNC以及峰龄多糖0.5～25μg/ml时CFU-GM集落数均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),且集落较大.CFU-GM平均集落数在对照组、WR-2721(1 mmol/L)组、FLPS(5μg/ml)组和AMF+FLPS组每105MNC分别为91.4±50.4、119.8±62.9、143.2±76.4和179.2±97.6,各组与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);AMF+FLPS组CFU-GM集落数显著高于AMF和FLPS组(P＜0.01和＜0.05).结论氨磷汀和峰龄多糖对CFU-GM具有明显的刺激增殖及协同作用.     

原发性骨髓增生异常综合征的骨髓培养和预后

本文研究骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)病人的骨髓培养和存活时间及其对预测预后的价值。病人39例,男26例、女13例,其中难治性贫血(RA)8例、环形铁粒幼红细胞性难治性贫血(RARS)8例、幼稚细胞过多性难治性贫血(RAEB)12例、在转化中的RAEB5例和慢性粒-单核细胞白血病(CMML)6例。仅少数病例接受化疗。骨髓细胞悬液用淋巴细胞分离液分离,收集低密度细胞部分,CFU-GM于半固体培养基中培养,用     

昆布多糖对大鼠骨髓巨噬细胞生物活性的影响

目的研究昆布多糖对大鼠骨髓巨噬细胞生物活性的影响。方法制备并体外培养大鼠骨髓造血干／祖细胞、巨噬细胞;制备昆布多糖作用后的骨髓巨噬细胞条件培养液,测定培养液中造血生长因子促红细胞生成素（EP0）、粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM—CSF）、白细胞介素-3（IL-3）表达及活性;测定昆布多糖条件培养液作用后造血祖细胞的集落产率。结果经昆布多糖诱导的骨髓巨噬细胞培养上清液可显著提高骨髓造血祖细胞的集落产率;经昆布多糖诱导后,骨髓巨噬细胞的EPO、GM—CSF和IL-3的表达增高。结论昆布多糖可刺激骨髓巨噬细胞造血因子表达增高,从而促进髓系多向性造血祖细胞（CFU—Mix）、红系祖细胞（CFU—E）、粒-单系造血祖细胞（CFU-GM）的增殖分化。     

抗衰片对电离辐射损伤后小鼠骨髓造血作用的影响

摘要： 目的 探讨抗衰片对电离辐射损伤后小鼠造血重建的调控影响。方法 9~10 周龄雄性 C57BL/6 小鼠随机分为照射对照组、 低剂量组、 中剂量组和高剂量组, 每组 10 只。后 3 个剂量组分别按 0.75、 1.5、 3.0 g/kg 体质量灌服抗衰片水溶液, 照射对照组给予同体积生理盐水, 1 次/d, 连续给药 11 d。第 4 天对 4 组小鼠进行 6.0 Gy 137 Cs-γ射线单次全身照射。照射后第 8 天, 观察小鼠内源性脾结节 （即脾集落形成单位, CFU-S）、 小鼠骨髓粒-巨噬细胞集落形成单位 （CFU-GM） 和骨髓成纤维细胞集落形成单位 （CFU-F） 的生成情况。同时, 体外扩增的骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC） 与正常供体小鼠的造血干细胞 （HSC） 进行二维共培养 （2D CFU-GM）, 通过 2D CFU-GM 检测辐射损伤后药物作用的 MSC 促进 HSC 的增殖能力。结果 与照射对照组相比, 3 个剂量组的 CFU-GM 数目显著增多, 中剂量组及高剂量组 CFU-S、 CFU-F、 2D CFU-GM 增殖能力显著提高 （均 P＜0.05）。结论 抗衰片可以促进电离辐射损伤后小鼠造血系统重建。     

促红细胞生成素对慢性肾衰竭贫血患者骨髓祖细胞的影响

目的 观察促红细胞生成素(EPO)对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)贫血骨髓祖细胞的影响,探讨CRF血液系统改变及EPO治疗机制.方法 对20例CRF贫血采用国产济脉欣(EPO)3000～6000 U,皮下注射,每周3次,于治疗前及连续治疗12周后在髂后上棘同一部位行骨髓穿刺抽取等量骨髓液,观察EPO治疗前后血常规和骨髓祖细胞变化情况.结果 治疗后血红蛋白、血细胞比容、白细胞及血小板升高,而血清肌酐下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).骨髓红系造血祖细胞(CFU-E)、粒-单系祖细胞(CFU-GM)、成纤维祖细胞(CFU-F)集落数较治疗前均明显增多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).骨髓CFU-F集落产率与CFU-E和CFU-GM集落产率呈正相关(r=0.32,r=0.49,P＜0.05).结论 EPO治疗CRF贫血可使骨髓造血微环境恢复,保护造血干细胞,并恢复其自我复制、增殖与分化.     

地黄寡糖对SAMP8小鼠造血祖细胞增殖的作用

采用造血祖细胞体外克隆培养等实验血液学技术, 研究了地黄寡糖对快速老化模型P系小鼠(SAMP8)骨髓造血祖细胞增殖作用的影响. 结果表明地黄寡糖可促进SAMP8小鼠骨髓粒系巨噬系祖细胞, 早期和晚期红系祖细胞的增殖, 其脾细胞条件液也可使造血祖细胞克隆集落数明显增加, 地黄寡糖还可使其基质细胞层上粒系巨噬系祖细胞集落的产率明显增多. 提示地黄寡糖可能通过多种途径激活机体组织, 特别是造血微环境中的某些细胞, 促进其分泌多种造血生长因子而增强造血祖细胞的增殖.     

Effects of interleukin-11 on the hematopoietic action of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Interleukin-11 (IL-11, CAS 145941-26-0) is a cytokine that ameliorates thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is frequently used clinically as an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate neutropenia. In this study, it has been investigated whether IL-11 influences the hematopoietic action of G-CSF in vitro. IL-11 alone did not stimulate CFU-Meg colony formation in the absence of interleukin-3 (IL-3), but did in the presence of IL-3. However, IL-11 alone stimulated the formation of CFU-E, BFU-E and CFU-GM colonies, which were further enhanced by IL-3. G-CSF alone stimulated in a concentration dependent manner colony formation of CFU-GM and CFU-E, but not BFU-E or CFU-Meg. The addition of IL-11 enhanced the stimulatory effect of G-CSF on CFU-GM colony formation, and enabled G-CSF to stimulate colony formation of BFU-E, but not CFU-E. The addition of IL-3 further enhanced the stimulatory effect of G-CSF on CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-GM colony formation. However, G-CSF was unable to stimulate CFU-Meg colony formation for any of the cytokine combinations tested. These studies demonstrate that IL-11 has significant stimulatory effects on G-CSF-induced CFU-GM colony formation, suggesting that the therapeutic combination of the two growth factors could be beneficial for the treatment of myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy.     

Maitake beta-glucan MD-fraction enhances bone marrow colony formation and reduces doxorubicin toxicity in vitro

Previous studies have indicated that MD-fraction (MDF), in which the active component is beta 1,6-glucan with beta 1,3-branches, has anti-tumor activity as an oral agent and acts as an immune adjuvant. Since some other beta glucans appear to promote mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells, the effects of a beta glucan extract from the Maitake mushroom "MD-fraction" on hematopoietic stem cells were examined in a colony forming assay. Here we report for the first time that MDF has a dose response effect on mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) hematopoiesis in vitro. Using the Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assay to detect formation of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies, and the XTT cytotoxicitiy assay to measure BMC viability, the data showed that the addition of MDF significantly enhanced the development of CFU-GM in a dose range of 50-100 microg/ml (p<0.004). The mechanism of action included significant increase of nonadherent BMC viability, which was observed at MDF doses of 12.5-100 microg/ml (p<0.005). In the presence of Doxorubicin (DOX), MDF promoted BMC viability and protected CFU-GM from DOX induced toxicity. In addition, MDF treatment promoted the recovery of CFU-GM colony formation after BMC were pretreated with DOX. These studies provided the first evidence that MDF acts directly in a dose dependent manner on hematopoietic BMC and enhances BMC growth and differentiation into colony forming cells.     

Rosiglitazone-induced protection against myelotoxicity produced by 5-fluorouracil

Insulin promotes survival of haemopoietic progenitors. We investigated if rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, could confer protection against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced myelotoxicity in mice. The decrease in bone marrow cellularity, frequency and content of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) characterized myelotoxicity in mice, while insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamping. CFU-GM colony numbers increased in groups pre-treated with rosiglitazone (1.5-6 mg/kg, 5 days), compared to that in mice treated with 5-fluorouracil alone. Since rosiglitazone pre-treatment significantly promoted the clonal expansion of CFU-GM when given in the insulin sensitizing dose, we conclude that rosiglitazone had myeloprotective effects possibly by amplifying endogenous insulin action.     

干细胞因子对正常造血祖细胞作用的研究

采用半固体和液体培养技术研究人工重组小鼠干细胞因子（SCF），观察对正常人骨髓和外周血造血祖细胞的刺激作用，发现SCF单独存在即有促增殖作用，与促红细胞生成素（Epo）联合应用有明显的协同作用。SCF可能是一种有效的刺激骨髓和／或外周血造血祖细胞增殖的造血生长因子。     

沙纳唑合并γ射线对在体小鼠骨髓粒系造血祖细胞的影响

目的 :研究沙纳唑直接给药以及合并γ射线照射处理对在体小鼠骨髓粒系造血祖细胞 (CFU -GM )集落形成的影响。方法 :通过对小鼠骨髓CFU -GM培养的检测 ,观察从小鼠尾静脉注射不同剂量沙纳唑对小鼠造血系统的影响 ;并于不同放射剂量照射前30min从小鼠尾静脉注射不同剂量沙纳唑 ,观察沙纳唑合并γ射线照射处理对小鼠造血系统的影响。结果 :静脉注射沙纳唑对在体小鼠骨髓CFU -GM集落形成抑制作用较小 ;沙纳唑合并γ射线照射处理后对小鼠骨髓CFU -GM的抑制作用与单一放射照射处理结果相似。结论 :沙纳唑直接给药对在体小鼠骨髓CFU -GM无明显细胞毒性作用 ,合并放射照射处理对放射照射所致小鼠骨髓CFU -GM的抑制没有明显协同作用。     

Hemoregulatory peptide pGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys: a new synthetic derivative for avoiding dimerization and loss of inhibitory activity

The hemoregulatory peptide (pGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys, pEEDCK) is a potent inhibitor of stem cell recruitment, which is a major source of hematological complications after cytostatic tumor therapy. By preventing recruitment, pEEDCK can keep hemopoietic stem cells in their normal nonproliferative state and in this way prevent damage by certain cell cycle-specific cytostatic drugs. pEEDCK could play a role as hemoprotector in tumor chemotherapy. As a thiol-containing peptide, pEEDCK is highly sensitive to oxidation, resulting in the formation of a dimer. Although monomeric pEEDCK is a strong inhibitor of colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) clonal growth, the dimer was previously found to enhance colony-stimulating factor-triggered CFU-GM colony formation. It seemed, thus, necessary to find methods that avoid undesired dimerization reactions. A solid phase strategy for pEEDCK synthesis is presented. The primary synthetic product, S-tert-butyl-sulfenyl-pEEDCK, was purified and stored with the thiol-protecting group remaining attached. Conversion to active monomeric pEEDCK was achieved by reductive treatment in situ before application and removal of tert-butyl-mercaptane in vacuo. The activation reagent (dithioerythritol) prevented reoxidation also in culture media, where unprotected peptide was oxidized rapidly (t1/2 less than 13 min). The purified synthetic peptide was found to be a potent inhibitor of CFU-GM colony formation (IC50 = 1.1 x 10(-12) M) in vitro. It was also found to inhibit colony formation of some leukemic cell lines (HL-60, RAJI) although at much higher concentrations (10(-8) to 10(-9) M). Friend leukemia cells were not inhibited in the dose range where CFU-GM were sensitive.     

巴西蘑菇多糖对造血干、祖细胞生成的影响

目的:探讨国产巴西蘑菇多糖对造血干、祖细胞生成的影响及其作用机制。方法:应用造血细胞培养技术、流式细胞仪(FACS)、逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)观察药物对小鼠骨髓细胞及人脐血单个核细胞的影响。结果:经过巴西蘑菇多糖处理的动物,造血干细胞(CFU-S)、粒-单祖细胞(CFU-GM)、红系祖细胞(CFU-E)和纤维母细胞(CFU-F)各组数值明显上升,与对照组比较,P均<0.01;FACS检测显示,实验组CD33+细胞明显上升,在诱导的d 7达高峰;经RT-PCR检测结果表明,巴西蘑菇多糖诱导人脐血单个核细胞48 h后,粒单细胞克隆刺激因子(GM-CSF)mRNA的表达量是对照组的2.72倍。结论:巴西蘑菇多糖可促进造血干、祖细胞生成并可促进人脐血单个核细胞GM-CSF基因表达。     

组胺H2受体激动剂和拮抗剂及抗癌药对正常人造血祖细胞和HL-60白血病细胞生长的作用

采用体外微量克隆培养体系研究了组胺H2受体激动剂4-甲基组胺(4-MH)和拮抗剂雷尼替叮(ranitidine)及抗癌药阿糖胞苷分别对正常人外周血粒-巨噬系祖细胞(PBCFU-GM)和HL-60白血病细胞生长的作用。当4-MH的浓度为10^-9～10^-6mol·L^-1时,可促进PBCFU-GM的增殖,4-MH的浓度增加至10^-4mol·L^-1时则表现为抑制PBCFU-GM的增殖。Ranitidine的浓度为10^-9～10^-5mol·L^-1时,表现出对PBCFU-GM增殖的抑制作用,但在10-6mol·L^-1剂量时对PBCFU-GM的抑制率低于50%,而在该剂量时对HL-60白血病细胞的抑制率已达100%,具有一定的选择性。抗癌药阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)对HL-60白血病细胞的抑制作用比对PBCFU-GM的抑制作用较强,但两者的IC₅₀值处于同一个数量级。在强化化疗剂量10^-5mol·L^-1时,Ara-C对HL-60白血病细胞和PBCFU-GM正常造血祖细胞的抑制率均达100%。     

Suppressive effect of antibiotics on colony formation from human megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-M) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM)

beta-Lactam antibiotics, moxalactam (LMOX), cefotaxime (CTX), flomoxef (FMOX), cefamandole (CMD), carbenicillin (CBPC) and sulbenicillin (SBPC), suppressed colony formation from human megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-M) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) dose-dependently. The suppressive potencies for both progenitors were weakest for CBPC and SBPC, moderate for LMOX and FMOX, and strongest for CMD and CTX. The stainability of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex in the megakaryocyte colonies by the monoclonal antibody was decreased by LMOX and CTX. These data suggest that beta-lactam antibiotics directly suppress proliferation of CFU-M and CFU-GM.