加速康复外科及腹腔镜在胃癌中的应用研究

目的:评价加速康复外科(fast track surgery,FTS)新理念及腹腔镜技术常规应用于胃癌根治术的可行性.方法:回顾分析2005年3月至2010年3月由同一医师完成的胃癌根治术的临床资料,按围手术期理念和手术技术分为3组,A组(66例)采用传统围手术期处理方法行开腹手术,B组(105例)应用FTS理念行开腹...     

Laparoscopic total gastrectomy versus open total gastrectomy for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

The possible advantages of laparoscopic (assisted) total gastrectomy (LTG) versus open total gastrectomy (OTG) have not been reviewed systematically. The aim of this study was to systematically review the short-term outcomes of LTG versus OTG in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Embase was conducted. All original studies comparing LTG with OTG were included for critical appraisal. Data describing short-term outcomes were pooled and analyzed.

Results

A total of eight original studies that compared LTG (n = 314) with OTG (n = 384) in patients with gastric cancer fulfilled quality criteria and were selected for review and meta-analysis. LTG compared with OTG was associated with a significant reduction of intraoperative blood loss (weighted mean difference = 227.6 ml; 95 % CI 144.3–310.9; p < 0.001), a reduced risk of postoperative complications (risk ratio = 0.51; 95 % CI 0.33–0.77), and shorter hospital stay (weighted mean difference 4.0 = days; 95 % CI 1.4–6.5; p < 0.001). These benefits were at the cost of longer operative time (weighted mean difference = 55.5 min; 95 % CI 24.8–86.2; p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality rates were comparable for LTG (0.9 %) and OTG (1.8 %) (risk ratio = 0.68; 95 % CI 0.20–2.36).

Conclusion

LTG shows better short term outcomes compared with OTG in eligible patients with gastric cancer. Future studies should evaluate 30- and 60-day mortality, radicality of resection, and long-term follow-up in LTG versus OTG, preferably in randomized trials.     

Fast-track laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a systematic review

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the evidence-based literature on fast-track laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) to determine the feasibility and safety of fast-track laparoscopic bariatric surgery. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library using the MeSH terms “bariatric surgery”, “ambulatory surgical procedures” and related terms as keywords was performed. The study included articles that reported on intended next-day discharge for LRYGB and same-day discharge for LAGB. Data were extracted on study design and size, patient demographics, patient-selection criteria, patient preparation, perioperative management, operative details, clinical outcomes, and follow-up. The review included 13 studies classified as level 3b or 4 evidence. There were seven studies that investigated LAGB, five studies investigated LRYGB and one study detailed outcomes from both LRYGB and LAGB. Next-day discharge rate ranged from 81 to 100 % for LRYGB. Same-day discharge rate ranged from 76 to 98 % for LAGB. In LRYGB and LAGB complication, re-admission and mortality rates (≤10.5, ≤7.5, ≤0.1 %, respectively) were comparable with the conventional perioperative care. From our results, the fast-track management of patients undergoing LRYGB and LAGB is feasible. With careful patient selection and preparation within high-volume centres, and application of care pathways including close outpatient follow-up, outcomes for fast-track bariatric procedures can compare favourably with those reported in the literature for standard management, but with decreased cost. However, further studies from independent researchers are required to determine the safety of a generalised adoption of this approach outside of dedicated bariatric units, and to formally demonstrate the cost-benefit of fast-track bariatric surgery.     

Cardiac fat pat change after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiac fat pad is a metabolically active organ that plays a role in energy homeostasis and cardiovascular diseases and generates inflammatory cytokines. Many studies have shown remarkable associations between cardiac fat thickness and cardiovascular diseases, making it a valuable target for interventions. Our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of the 2 most popular bariatric surgeries (sleeve gastrectomy [SG] and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) in cardiac fat pad reduction. A systematic review of the literature was done by searching in Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PubMed for articles published by September 16, 2022. This review followed the meta-analysis rules based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria out of 128 potentially useful studies, including a total number of 822 patients. The results of subgroup analysis on the type of surgery showed that bariatric surgeries decreased the mean fat pad diameter, but the reduction was greater in SG than in RYGB. Epicardial and pericardial fat type showed a significant decrease of fat pad diameter. The results of subgroup analysis indicated RYGB had a significant reduction in mean fat pad volume. Computed tomography scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a significant reduction of the mean cardiac fat pad volume. Epicardial and paracardial fat type showed a significant decrease in volume. The cardiac fat pad diameter and volume were significantly reduced after bariatric surgeries. SG showed greater reduction in fat pad diameter in comparison with RYGB, and RYGB had a significant reduction in mean fat pad volume.     

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are the mainstays of bariatric surgery in recent years. In addition, there has been an increased interest in the quality of life (QoL) of obese patients after surgery. This study examined the QoL of patients who had undergone either LSG or LRYGB. We retrieved the literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database before November 2019. A total of 10 articles and 2327 obese patients were included in our meta-analysis. The QoL scoring tools included in the statistical analysis are the following: the gastrointestinal quality of life index, 36-items short-form health survey, bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system, and the Moorehead-Ardelt quality of life questionnaire II. Although the QoL score of the LRYGB group was higher than that of the LSG group in the bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system subgroup, statistical analysis showed no difference in the postoperative QoL of LSG and LRYGB. In our study, no difference was found in the QoL between LSG and LRYGB. Therefore, in terms of postoperative QoL, surgical methods should be selected on the basis of the patients’ condition and level of understanding of the surgeries.     

Outcomes of same-day discharge sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Length of stay after bariatric surgery has progressively shortened. Same-day discharge (SDD) has been reported for the 2 most common bariatric procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and success of SDD following SG and RYGB. Systematic literature search on SDD after bariatric surgery was conducted in Medline, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and Embase. SDD was defined as discharging the patient during the day of the bariatric operation, without an overnight stay. The primary outcomes of interest were successful SDD, readmission, and morbidity rates. The secondary endpoints included reoperation and mortality rates. A proportion meta-analysis was performed to assess the outcomes of interest. A total of 14 studies with 33,403 patients who underwent SDD SG (32,165) or RYGB (1238) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Seven studies with 5000 patients who underwent SDD SG were included in the quantitative analysis, and pooled proportions (PPs) were calculated for the outcomes of interest. The SDD success rate was 63%–100% (PP: 99%) after SG and 88%–98.1% after RYGB. The readmission rate ranged from .6% to 20.8% (PP: 4%) after SDD SG and 2.4%–4% after SDD RYGB. Overall morbidity, reoperation, and mortality were 1.1%–10% (PP:4%), .3%–2.1% (PP: 1%), and 0%–.1% (PP: 0%), respectively, for SDD SG, and 2.5%–4%,1.9%–2.5%, and 0%–.9%, respectively, for SDD RYGB. SDD after SG seems feasible and safe. The outcomes of SDDRYGB seem promising, but the evidenceis stilllimitedto draw definitive conclusions. Selection criteria and perioperative protocolsmust be standardized to adequately introduce this practice.     

胃癌术后腹腔引流有效性和安全性的系统评价

% CI分别为[0.12(-0.11～0.35)和0.65(0.03～1.26)].结论 胃癌术后可能没有放腹腔引流的必要性.     

Resleeve for failed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis

Despite excellent long-term results, insufficient weight loss, weight regain, and pathologic gastroesophageal reflux disease may require revisional procedures after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Resleeve gastrectomy (ReSG) for failed LSG, has been proposed as an alternative to more complex malabsorptive procedures. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the current evidence on the therapeutic role and outcomes of ReSG for failed LSG. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science data sets were consulted. A systematic review and Frequentist meta-analysis were performed. Ten studies published between 2010 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria for a total of 300 patients. The age of the patient population ranged from 20 to 66 years old and 80.5% were females. The elapsed time between the LSG and ReSG ranged from 9 to 132 months. The estimated pooled prevalence of postoperative leak and overall complications were 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = .5%–4.7%) and 7.6% (95%CI = 3.1%–13.4%). The estimated pooled mean operative time and hospital length of stay were 51 minutes (95%CI = 49.4–52.6) and 3.3 days (95%CI = 3.13–3.51). The postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 36 months and the estimated pooled mean percentage excess weight loss was 61.46% (95%CI = 55.9–66.9). The overall mortality ranged from 0% to 2.2%. ReSG after failed LSG seems feasible and safe with acceptable postoperative leak rate, overall complications, and mortality. The effectiveness of ReSG in term of weight loss seems promising in the short-term but further studies are warranted to explore its effect on patients’ quality of life, postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease, and long-term weight loss.     

胃癌术后腹腔引流有效性和安全性的系统评价

目的 评价胃癌术后腹腔引流的有效性和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,检索PubMed（1976—2008）、EmbaSe（1982．2008）、Cochrane library（2007年第3期）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM1979—2008）、中文科技期刊全文数据库（CSJD1989—2008）和中国期刊全文数据库（CJFD1994-2008）,并辅以手工检索和其他检索;由两名评价员独立评价并交叉核对纳入研究的质量．采用RevMan4．2．10软件进行Meta分析。结果初检47篇文献,最终纳A3篇RCT进行分析。共计338例胃癌患者,其中全胃切除160例,次全胃切除178例;术后不放腹腔引流患者167例。Meta分析结果显示：放腹腔引流与不放腹腔引流相比,不良事件（分别为肺部感染、切口感染、腹腔脓肿、吻合口瘘和住院死亡）发生率差异无统计学意义,其OR值和95％CI分别为[1．23（0．49～3．07）、1．09（0．36～3．29）、1．28（0．28～5．8）、1．53（0．25～9．42）和1．78（0．37-8．56）]。两组术后进食时间和术后住院天数的WMD值和95％CI分别为[0．12（-0．11-0．35）和0．65（0．03～1．26）]。结论胃癌术后可能没有放腹腔引流的必要性。     

Revisional surgery after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: review of the literature

Recent reports have shown that morbidity and mortality after gastrectomy for gastric cancer vary between authors, countries, and procedures. Common complications related to gastrectomy are postoperative bleeding, anastomotic leakage, pancreatic juice leakage, intra-abdominal abscess, intestinal obstruction, wound dehiscence, and so on. Recently, laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer has developed, especially in Japan and East Asian countries because it is less invasive. Several retrospective studies have shown that the operative complication rate is similar to that of conventional open surgery. Although most postoperative complications can be successfully treated by conservative therapies, surgical management is occasionally needed to prevent a fatal outcome. This review article provides insight into how surgeons can make efforts to reduce postoperative complications through proper preoperative evaluation and improved surgical skills during the initial gastrectomy. In addition, it reviews guidance for timely revisional surgery to allow salvage of patients with serious acute operative complications based on clinical findings made by a group of experienced surgeons.     

Steroids in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a systemic inflammatory reaction that may contribute to postoperative complications. Preventing this reaction with steroids may improve outcomes. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the impact of prophylactic steroids on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery.

Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for early distal gastric cancer: a meta-analysis

Background: We performed a meta‐analysis in an attempt to answer whether short‐term outcomes and lymph nodes harvested after laparoscopy‐assisted gastrectomy (LAG) are comparable to those reported after conventional open gastrectomy (COG). Methods: Prospective randomized clinical trials were eligible if they included patients with distal gastric cancer treated by LAG versus COG. End points were operating time, intra‐operative blood loss, size of wound, overall post‐operative complications, time to first flatus, time to start oral intake, hospital stay and lymph nodes harvested. Results: Six trials including 668 patients were included. For four of the 13 end points, the summary point estimates favoured LAG over COG; there was a significant reduction in intra‐operative blood loss (weighted mean difference (WMD) ?115.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) ?159.16 to ?72.04, P < 0.00001), size of wound (WMD ?5.27, 95% CI ?8.94 to ?1.60, P= 0.005), overall post‐operative complications (odds ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.85, P= 0.008) and hospital stay (WMD ?2.65, 95% CI ?4.97 to ?0.32, P= 0.03) for LAG. However, the combined results of the individual trials show significant longer operating time (WMD 112.98, 95% CI 60.32 to 165.64, P < 0.0001) and significant reduction in lymph nodes harvested (WMD ?4.79, 95% CI ?6.79 to ?2.79, P < 0.00001) in the LAG group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in time to first flatus, time to start oral intake, wound infection, intra‐abdominal fluid collection and abscess, anastomotic stenosis and leakage and pulmonary complications. Conclusion: The results of this meta‐analysis suggest that LAG for early distal cancer is a feasible and safe alternative to COG, with better short‐term outcomes.     

Pancreas-related complications following gastrectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis of open versus minimally invasive surgery

Background

Postoperative pancreas-related complications are quite uncommon but potentially life-threatening occurrences that may occasionally complicate the postoperative course of gastrectomy. A number of reports have described such conditions after both standard open and minimally invasive surgery. Our study has the purpose to systematically determine the pooled incidence of pancreatic events following radical gastrectomy. We also aimed to elucidate whether any difference in incidence exists between patients operated via conventional open or minimally invasive surgery.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized or well-matched studies comparing conventional with minimally invasive oncological gastrectomy and reporting pancreas-related postoperative complications. We evaluated possible differences in outcomes between open and minimally invasive surgery. A meta-analysis of relevant comparisons was performed using RevMan 5.3.

Results

A total of 20 studies, whereby 6 randomized and 14 non-randomized comparative studies including a total of 7336 patients, were considered eligible for data extraction. Globally, more than 1% of patients experienced some pancreatic occurrences during the postoperative course. The use of minimally invasive surgery showed a trend toward increased overall pancreatic morbidity (OR 1.39), pancreatitis (OR 2.69), and pancreatic fistula (OR 1.13).

Conclusions

Although minimally invasive radical gastrectomy is currently established as a valid alternative to open surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer, a higher risk of pancreas-related morbidity should be taken into account.

     

A meta-analysis of fast track surgery for patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy

IntroductionThis meta-analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of fast track surgery (FTS) for patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.MethodsRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1 January 1995 and 21 June 2013 comparing FTS with conventional perioperative care for patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy were identified in the PubMed, Embase™ and Cochrane Library databases, and were analysed systematically using RevMan software (Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark).ResultsSeven RCTs (524 patients) were analysed. Compared with conventional perioperative care, FTS treatment with/without laparoscopy was associated with shorter postoperative hospitalisation, less hospitalisation expenditure (both p<0.00001), less pain and better quality of life. Short-term morbidity and readmission rates did not differ between treatments. No incidents of death occurred during the short-term follow-up period.ConclusionsIn patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy, the FTS pathway reduces the length and cost of postoperative hospitalisation while maintaining short-term morbidity, readmission and mortality rates comparable with those of conventional care.     

氟尿嘧啶缓释剂治疗结直肠癌的系统评价

目的评价氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）缓释剂对结直肠癌的治疗作用和安全性。为临床用药提供依据。方法计算机检索CBM、中国期刊全文数据库、中国科技期刊全文数据库、万方数字化期刊全文库、Cochrane对照试验中心注册库、Medline和Embase数据库,检索日期为建库始至2011年3月,筛选5-FU缓释剂与结直肠癌相关文献．只纳入随机对照试验。根据Cochrane评价员手册5．02评价纳入研究的偏倚风险。采用RevMan5．0软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入16篇随机对照试验的1223例研究对象,偏倚风险中等。Meta分析结果显示,5．Fu缓释剂组术后2年死亡率（RR=0．33,95％CI：0．18-0．59）、2年转移率（RR=0.35,95％CI：0．19-0．66）和2年复发率（RR=0.48,95％CI：0．36=0．65）均低于对照组：但两组治疗后并发症和不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论5-FU缓释剂可有效改善结直肠癌患者的预后．而不会加重不良反应。但纳入研究的质量有待提高。