氟哌啶醇对老年髋关节置换手术患者术后谵妄的影响

目的观察氟哌啶醇对老年髋关节置换手术患者术后谵妄(POD)影响。方法择期行单侧髋关节置换手术患者60例,男34例,女26例,年龄65～85岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级,随机分为氟哌啶醇组(H组)和对照组(C组)。两组麻醉方法相同,手术结束后均行PCIA,H组:舒芬太尼2μg/kg+氟比洛芬酯3 mg/kg+氟哌啶醇5 mg;C组:舒芬太尼2μg/kg+氟比洛芬酯3 mg/kg,均由生理盐水配制成100 ml,以2 ml/h的速度持续静脉泵注48 h。观察并记录术后1、6、12、24、36、48 h Ramsay镇静评分和VAS疼痛评分。记录术后第1～3晚睡眠质量评分。采用意识混乱评估法(CAM)评定POD。记录术后心动过缓或心动过速、嗜睡、恶心呕吐和锥体外系症状等不良反应的发生情况。结果与C组比较,H组术后6 h和12 h的Ramsay镇静评分明显升高(P0.05),术后6 h和12 h的VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P0.05),术后第1晚和第2晚睡眠质量评分明显降低(P0.05)。H组有2例(6.7%)发生POD,明显少于C组的9例(30.0%)(P0.05)。H组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显低于C组(P0.05)。两组其他不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论术后行PCIA中加入5 mg氟哌啶醇可以降低老年髋关节置换手术患者术后谵妄的发生率,且改善术后转归。     

Risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with colorectal cancer

Aims  

The aim of this retrospective study is to examine risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.     

Off-pump surgery decreases postoperative complications and resource utilization in the elderly.

BACKGROUND: Bypass surgery in the elderly (age >70 years) has increased mortality and morbidity, which may be a consequence of cardiopulmonary bypass. We compare the outcomes of a cohort of elderly off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) patients with elderly conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. METHODS: Chart and provincial cardiac care registry data were reviewed for 30 consecutive elderly OPCAB patients (age 74.7 +/- 4.2 years) and 60 consecutive CABG patients (age 74.9 +/- 4.1 years, p = 0.82) with similar risk factor profiles: Parsonnet score 17.2 +/- 8.1 (OPCAB) versus 15.6 +/- 6.5 (CABG), p = 0.31; and Ontario provincial acuity index 4.5 +/- 1.9 (OPCAB) versus 4.3 +/- 2.0 (CABG), p = 0.65. RESULTS: Mean hospital stay was 6.3 +/- 1.8 days for OPCAB patients and 7.7 +/- 3.9 days for CABG patients (p < 0.05). Average intensive care unit stay was 24.0 +/- 10.9 h for OPCAB patients versus 36.6 +/- 33.5 h for CABG patients (p < 0.05). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 10.0% of OPCAB patients and 28.3% of CABG patients (p < 0.05). Low output syndrome was observed in 10% of OPCAB patients and 31.7% of CABG patients (p < 0.05). Cost was reduced by $1,082 (Canadian) per patient in the OPCAB group. Postoperative OPCAB graft analysis showed 100% patency. CONCLUSIONS: OPCAB is safe in the geriatric population and significantly reduces postoperative morbidity and cost.     

Causes of postoperative delirium after abdominal surgery in elderly patients

BACKGROUND: There are many causes for postoperative delirium in elderly patients. Hypotension is considered as one of the causes. In our retrospective study, hypotension during operation was not taken care of strictly. Slight hypotension was observed every so often. We recognized that the drop of cerebral blood flow due to hypotension and duration of hypotension were risk factors of postoperative delirium. METHODS: We did a retrospective study, covering the period between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2006, in 30 elderly patients for elective laparotomy. We compared postoperative delirium group (D group) with no delirium group (ND group). RESULTS: There were great differences in transfusion, fluid infusion, anesthesia time, operation time, blood loss, extreme hypotension and the duration of hypotension between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that permissive hypotension induced the drop of cerebral blood flow and it can be a risk factor of postoperative delirium in elderly patients. To prevent extreme hypotension, to decrease duration of hypotension, and to raise the blood pressure quickly are very important to decrease postoperative delirium in elderly patients.     

Prediction of postoperative complications in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether advanced age was associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications and identify the predictive factors for postoperative complications in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Between January 2000 and December 2010, 256 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC were investigated. Elderly patients were defined as those aged ≥75 y. The clinicopathologic data and outcomes after hepatectomy for 64 elderly and 192 younger patients were retrospectively collected and compared.

Results

There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.936) or the long-term survival after hepatectomy (P = 0.641) between the elderly and younger patients. In multivariate analysis, the estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress-preoperative risk score (PRS) was an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity in the elderly patients (P < 0.01). Moreover, the patients were analyzed according to the PRS for the assessment of their general preoperative condition and liver damage grade based on the hepatic reserve. The rate of postoperative complications in the patients with a PRS ≥0.5 and liver damage B was significantly higher in the elderly patients (P < 0.01), whereas a PRS and liver damage grade did not affect the incidence of postoperative morbidity in the younger patients (P = 0.516).

Conclusions

Hepatectomy for elderly patients with HCC is feasible as well as safe, and the preoperative assessment using the estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress scoring system, combined with the liver damage grade, can help to improve the safety of this procedure for elderly HCC patients.     

右美托咪定对老年重症患者术后谵妄的影响

目的观察右美托咪定老年重症患者术后谵妄发生的影响。方法 60例行择期硬膜外复合全麻下腹部手术术后入SICU患者,年龄≥65岁。随机均分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组持续静脉输注右美托咪定0.2μg·kg^-1·h^-1直至总剂量达200μg（用生理盐水稀释至50ml）;对照组给予等容量生理盐水。观察术后第1、2、3天静息和咳嗽时VAS疼痛评分和睡眠评分,术后6、12h、停药时、术后24、48h镇痛泵的按压次数和用药量情况及术后7d内谵妄发生率。结果两组低血压发生率、VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。术后第1天睡眠评分治疗组（3.48±2.19）分,明显低于对照组的（4.67±2.44）分（P<0.05）。术后7d内对照组谵妄发生率9例（31.0%）,治疗组13例（44.8%）,两组差异无统计学意义。结论老年外科重症患者,持续静脉输注右美托咪定0.2μg·kg^-1·h^-1能改善睡眠质量,对术后镇痛及谵妄发生无明显影响。     

Prediction of postoperative delirium after abdominal surgery in the elderly

Purpose  Indications for the surgical treatment of elderly patients have been increasing. Postoperative central nervous system dysfunction, including delirium, is one of the most common complications in elderly surgical patients. The relationship between patient factors, including cerebral oxygen saturation, and the incidence of postoperative delirium was evaluated. Methods  Twenty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–II patients, older than 65 years, scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were enrolled in the study. The patients’ cognitive function was assessed, using the Hasegawa dementia score (HDS) and kana-hiroi test, on the day before surgery and then again 1 week after the surgery. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation () was continuously monitored during the surgery, using near-infrared spectroscopy (INVOS 3100). General anesthesia was induced with 3 mg·kg⁻¹ thiopental and 5% sevoflurane. After tracheal intubation, the sevoflurane concentration was adjusted to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) value between 45 and 60. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed if DSM IV criteria were present and the patient scored 12 or more points on the Delirium Rating Scale. Results  After surgery, 5 (25%) patients developed delirium. The age in the delirium (+) group (76 ± 4 years) was significantly higher than that in delirium (−) group (68 ± 3 years). Preoperative and postoperative HDS did not differ between the groups. The score on the preoperative kana-hiroi-test in the delirium (+) group (16 ± 5) was significantly lower than that in the delirium (−) group (32 ± 10). There were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative kana-hiroi test scores in either group. Baseline in the delirium (+) group (60 ± 5%) was significantly lower than that in the delirium (−) group (66 ± 7%). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in the after the start of surgery. Conclusion  Patients’ age, low preoperative kana-hiroi test score, and low preoperative were important risk factors for postoperative delirium.     

高龄患者髋关节置换术后谵妄的发生率及危险因素分析

目的 探讨行髋关节置换术的高龄患者术后谵妄的发生率及危险因素.方法 选择2009年9月至2010年2月,择期行髋关节置换术患者120例.术前访视患者,术后当天,术后1、2、3d密切随访患者,用谵妄评定法进行谵妄评估.记录患者一般情况、病史、合并症、手术时间、术中失血量、术中输库存血量、术后疼痛评分及谵妄的发生情况,建立数据库.根据是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和对照组.结果 术后发生谵妄28例,发生率为23.33%.多因素Logistic逐步回归分析高龄、术前合并肺心病、术前合并肺部感染、全身麻醉、术后低氧血症为谵妄的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 高龄、术前合并肺心病、术前合并肺部感染、全身麻醉、术后低氧血症是术后谵妄的独立危险因素.     

老年患者髋部骨折修复术后谵妄的危险因素

目的 探讨老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄(POD)的危险因素。方法 选择2022年1月至6月择期在蛛网膜下腔阻滞联合髂筋膜阻滞麻醉下行髋部骨折修复术的患者110例,男41例,女69例,年龄65～85岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。麻醉诱导前留取静脉血3～5 ml,采用ELISA法测定血清胰岛素(INS)浓度,采用全自动生化分析仪测定空腹血糖(Glu)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)浓度,依据胰岛素稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。蛛网膜下腔阻滞穿刺成功后抽取脑脊液(CSF)2～3 ml,测定CSF INS、β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)42、总tau蛋白(t-tau)和磷酸化tau蛋白(p-tau)。根据术后1～5 d内是否发生POD,将患者分为两组：谵妄组和非谵妄组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析POD的影响因素,根据多因素Logistic回归分析结果建立预测模型,计算联合预测因子。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)和95%可信区间(CI)以评估诊断价值。结果 本研究有41例(37.3%)患者发生POD。多...     

乌司他丁对老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄的影响

目的评价围术期静脉输注乌司他丁对老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄(POD)的影响。方法选择择期行髋部骨折手术的老年患者96例,男38例,女58例,年龄70~93岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:乌司他丁组(U组)和对照组(C组),每组48例。麻醉方式均采用腰-硬联合麻醉+髂筋膜间隙阻滞。U组于切皮前、术后第1天和第2天静脉泵入乌司他丁5 000U/kg;C组给予等容积生理盐水。术后1~3d采用意识错乱评估法(CAM)评定POD的发生情况。分别于麻醉前(T0)、术毕(T_1)和术后第3天(T2)采集外周静脉血5ml,采用ELISA法检测血清IL-6和S100β的水平。结果 C组POD发生13例(28.2%),U组POD发生2例(4.3%),U组POD发生率明显低于C组(P0.05);与T0时比较,T_1、T_2时C组血清IL-6和IL-10水平明显升高(P0.05);T_1、T_2时U组血清IL-6水平明显低于C组(P0.05)。与T_0时比较,T_1时C组S100β水平明显升高(P0.05);T_1时U组血清S100β水平明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论乌司他丁降低老年髋部骨折患者POD发生率,机制可能与抑制血清促炎症因子IL-6和S100β的过度释放相关。     

老年髋部手术后谵妄发病率的Meta分析

目的:采用 Meta分析综合评价老年髋部手术术后谵妄的发病率。方法:检索2004年1月1日至2013年12月31日Pubmed数据库有关老年髋部手术术后谵妄发病率的临床研究文献。按照文献的纳入及排除标准进行文献的筛选,制定文献摘录表;采用Stata-12.0进行Meta分析。计算I2以检验研究之间的异质性,当I2>50%时,采用随机效应模型。按照年龄阶段、谵妄评估量表及文献统计区域进行亚组分析。各文献采用Begg方法检验发表偏倚。结果:最终纳入21篇文献。加权合并的老年髋部手术术后谵妄发病率为17%[95%CI(16%,18%)].其中纳入的5篇文献中髋部择期手术术后谵妄发病率与髋部急诊手术相比明显降低[OR=0.32,95%CI (22%,45%)].小于80岁与大于80岁的谵妄发病率分别为21%[95%CI(19%,23%)]和21%[95%CI(19%,24%)];CAM与其他评定量表的谵妄发病率分别为23%[95%CI(21%,26%)]和19%[95%CI(17%,21%)];亚洲区域与欧美区域的谵妄发病率分别为17%[95%CI(15%,20%)]和23%[95%CI(21%,25%)].Begg方法检验未见明显发表偏倚(P<0.05).结论:老年髋部术后谵妄发病率较高,尤其在于急诊术后。为了利于老年术后谵妄发病率的评估、降低异质性及可能的发表偏倚,需要制定更标准化的研究方法。     

老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄发生的危险因素分析

目的：探讨老年患者脊柱手术后谵妄的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析自 2021 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月在全麻下行脊柱手术 566 例患者的基本病例资料,其中男 296 例,女 270 例;年龄(71.58±4.21)岁;颈椎手术 195 例,胸椎手术 26 例,腰椎手术 345 例。根据术后是否出现谵妄分为术后谵妄组 41 例与无谵妄组 525 例。对患者的性别、年龄、体重、吸烟史、饮酒史、手术部位、术前焦虑、术中低血压次数、失血量等可能影响因素进行单因素分析,并对 P<0.05 的单因素采用二元 Logistic 回归进行多因素分析。结果：术后谵妄者 41 例,单因素分析显示,年龄(P=0.000)、手术时间(P=0.039)、术前焦虑(P=0.001)、失血量(P=0.000)、阿片类药物使用史(P=0.003)、脑卒中病史(P=0.005)、术后 C 反应蛋白(P=0.000)、术后钠离子(P=0.000)在谵妄组与非谵妄组间差异有统计学意义。将上述因素纳入二元 Logistic 回归分析,结果显示:年龄[OR=0.729,95%CI(0.569,0.932),P=0.012]、阿片类药物使用[OR=21.500,95%CI(1.334,346.508),P=0.031]、失血量[OR=0.932,95%CI (0.875,0.993),P=0.029]、术后 C 反应蛋白[OR=0.657,95%CI (0.485,0.890),P=0.007]、术前焦虑[OR=23.143,95%CI (1.859,288.090),P=0.015]、术后钠离子[OR=1.228,95%CI (1.032,1.461),P=0.020]是老年患者脊柱手术术后发生谵妄的独立危险因素。结论：年龄、阿片类药物使用、失血量、术前焦虑、C 反应蛋白升高、低钠血症是老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。     

术后使用右美托咪定对老年髋部手术患者发生谵妄的临床研究

目的探讨术后使用右美托咪定对老年髋部手术患者发生谵妄的影响。 方法前瞻性收集2016年1月至2018年1月在海门市人民医院骨科行髋部手术的老年患者50例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：右美托咪定组25例,术后在骨科常规治疗基础上给予右美托咪定静脉泵入注射用于术后镇痛,维持量0.5 μg/kg/hr;对照组25例,仅给予骨科常规治疗。比较两组谵妄的发生率、发生时间、持续时间。 结果全部患者均获得随访,随访时间为7~15 d,平均（10.0±1.4）d。右美托咪定组谵妄的发生率（6%）与对照组（13%）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。右美托咪定组谵妄的发生时间为术后（26±6）h,晚于对照组的（7±3）h,差异有统计学意义（t=2.370,P<0.05）。右美托咪定组谵妄的持续时间为（2.4±0.8）d,短于对照组的（6.2±1.5）d,差异有统计学意义（t=-1.942,P<0.05）。 结论右美托咪定能延缓谵妄的发生,缩短谵妄的持续时间,但不能显著降低谵妄的发生率。     

脑电双频指数监测对老年慢性贫血患者术后谵妄发生率的影响

目的 探讨BIS监测对老年慢性贫血患者腹部手术术后谵妄(postoperative delirium,POD)发生率的影响. 方法 180例择期行全身麻醉手术患者,按随机数字表法分为两组(每组90例):BIS监测组及对照组,对照组采用常规麻醉,BIS监测组维持BIS值于40～60.记录患者入室后(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插管即刻(T2)、插管后3 min(T3)、切皮(T4)、术中1h(T5)及手术结束(T6)各时间点的血流动力学指标.观察记录患者麻醉期间丙泊酚用量、手术时间、拔管时间、清醒时间,及POD发生情况. 结果 BIS监测组谵妄总发生率17.8％,低于对照组的31.1％(P＜0.05);其中,BIS监测组谵妄第1天发生率13.3％,明显低于对照组的28.9％(P＜0.05),第2天发生率5.6％,低于对照组的14.4％(P＜0.05);BIS监测组谵妄持续时间明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).BIS监测组术后清醒拔管时间[(26±8) min]及住院时间[(11.5±2.3)d]显著短于对照组[(41±12) min、(12.6±4.4)d](P＜0.05). 结论 BIS监测下麻醉可降低老年合并慢性贫血患者POD发生率,减少谵妄持续时间.     

高龄髋部骨折患者术后谵妄危险因素调查

目的明确年龄≥75岁高龄髋部骨折术后谵妄的发病率,筛选导致术后谵妄的危险因素。方法自2012-06—2015-06诊治年龄≥75岁的髋部骨折435例,统计术后谵妄发生率,并根据术后3 d内是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组。可疑危险因素进行组间比较后,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行Logistic回归分析,筛选发生术后谵妄的危险因素。结果 102例发生术后谵妄,发生率23.45%。谵妄组与非谵妄组间年龄、术前白蛋白、术后血红蛋白、术后红细胞压积、简易精神状态评价量表评分(MMSE评分)、术前老年痴呆病史、视力障碍、听力障碍、留置导尿、居住状态的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示视力障碍、留置导尿、低MMSE评分、低白蛋白是发生术后谵妄的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论髋部骨折手术是术后谵妄发生的重要原因;年龄不是高龄髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的独立危险因素;术前认知功能与感觉功能障碍及低营养状态是高龄髋部骨折患者出现术后谵妄的主要危险因素。     

瑞马唑仑对老年患者脊柱手术后睡眠节律和谵妄的影响

目的： 探讨瑞马唑仑对接受脊柱手术的老年患者术后褪黑素分泌、睡眠节律和谵妄（POD）的影响。
方法： 选择2023年11月至2024年1月拟在全麻下行脊柱手术（腰椎椎体间融合术,后入路）的老年患者160例,男76例,女84例,年龄65～80岁,BMI 18.5～24.0 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：瑞马唑仑组（R组）和丙泊酚组（P组）,每组80例。R组予瑞马唑仑0.3 mg/kg进行麻醉诱导,后持续泵注瑞马唑仑0.3～0.8 mg·kg^-1·h^-1进行麻醉维持;P组予丙泊酚2.0 mg/kg进行麻醉诱导,后持续泵注丙泊酚4～6 mg·kg^-1·h^-1进行麻醉维持。记录手术当日、术后1、2、3 d凌晨04：00褪黑素和皮质醇浓度。记录术前1 d、术后1、2 d、出院前的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和静息时VAS疼痛评分。记录POD和术后睡眠障碍（POSD）发生情况。记录拔管时间、PACU停留时间、镇痛泵总按压次数、镇痛泵有效按压次数、补救镇痛例数。记录术中低血压、术后恶心呕吐、头晕、呼吸抑制等不良事件发生情况。
结果： 与P组比较,R组拔管时间和PACU停留时间明显缩短（P＜0.05）;术后1 d 凌晨04：00褪黑素浓度明显升高,皮质醇浓度明显降低,PSQI明显降低（P＜0.05）;POD、POSD和术中低血压发生率明显降低（P＜0.05）。两组拔管时间、镇痛泵总按压和有效按压次数、补救镇痛率、术中低血压、术后恶心呕吐、头晕、呼吸抑制发生率差异无统计学意义。
结论： 瑞马唑仑用于行脊柱手术的老年患者,对术后褪黑素和皮质醇分泌节律和睡眠节律的影响较小,可降低POD发生率,缓解术后睡眠障碍。