儿童交替性偏瘫(附3例报告)

目的探讨儿童交替性偏瘫（AHC）的临床特点和治疗方法。方法对3例AHC患儿的临床资料进行分析。结果3例患儿的临床特征为生后18个月内起病．反复发作、时间不等的交替性偏瘫，伴有眼位异常，肌张力异常，舞蹈样徐动动作，植物神经机能紊乱和智力障碍；睡眠可缓解。结论本病的主要特征为生后18个月内起病的发作性交替性偏瘫，伴有锥体外系症状及智能障碍，Flunarizine治疗有效。     

三例儿童交替性偏瘫的回顾性分析

目的探讨儿童交替性偏瘫病因、临床特点、治疗效果。方法回顾性分析3例儿童交替性偏瘫患者的病因、临床表现及疗效。结果本组3例患者起病年龄均小于18个月,反复发作的交替性偏瘫；进行性的智能障碍,其中1例伴有短暂眼球震颤及眼球活动障碍,1例伴有张力障碍性姿势异常；睡眠可缓解无力及锥体外系症状,应用氟桂嗪治疗后,2例患者发作频率及持续时间降低,1例无效。结论本病病因不明,多为散发,临床表现为18月内起病的发作性交替性偏瘫,辅助检查无特征性改变,氟桂利嗪治疗部分有效。     

儿童交替性偏瘫六例分析

目的探讨儿童交替性偏瘫（ＡＨＣ）的临床特点及治疗方法。方法对６例ＡＨＣ患儿的临床资料进行分析。结果６例患儿的临床特征为出生后１８个月起内病，频繁发作，持续数分钟至数小时；短暂的眼球震颤，肌张力异常，舞蹈徐动样动作，植物神经机能紊乱和认知机能减退；睡眠可缓解无力及锥体外系症状。应用氟桂嗪治疗后，１例患儿发作完全停止，其余５例患儿均显示发作频率和持续时间降低。结论本病的主要特征为１８个月内起病的发作性交替性偏瘫，伴锥体外系症状及智力障碍，氟桂嗪治疗本病有效     

儿童交替性偏瘫的临床特征和脑血流灌注改变

目的探讨儿童交替性偏瘫的临床特点及脑血流改变。方法对近23年收治的11例患儿的临床资料进行分析,并对6例患儿应用单光子发射计算机断层扫描进行脑血流灌注观察,其中4例在发作间期,1例在发作期,1例在发作间期和发作期均进行测定,以兴趣区法作半定量分析。结果11例患儿的临床特征一般为18个月内起病,表现为频繁发作的交替性偏瘫、短暂的眼球震颤、肌张力异常、舞蹈徐动样动作,常伴自主神经功能紊乱和认知功能减退;睡眠可缓解上述症状。2次发作期单光子发射计算机断层扫描均示偏瘫对侧脑血流减少,5次发作间期均正常。结论本病的主要临床特征为一般18个月内起病的反复发作的交替性偏瘫,伴锥体外系症状及智能障碍;发作期偏瘫对侧脑血流减少。     

儿童交替性偏瘫

儿童交替性偏瘫是一种罕见的综合征,其特点是交替性偏瘫频繁发作,常伴短暂的眼肌麻痹、眼球震颤、不完全瘫痪的肢体有舞蹈徐动动作及植物神经机能障碍,其发病机制尚不清楚,临床容易误诊,本文就其研究现状作一综述。     

儿童交替性偏瘫与癫(癎)

儿童交替性偏瘫(alternating hemiplegia of children,AHC)是一种罕见的发作性神经系统疾病,其主要特点是频繁发作的单侧或双侧肢体不完全性瘫痪,常伴有眼外肌麻痹、眼球震颤、手足舞蹈徐动、智能损害及自主神经功能障碍等.本病于1971年由Verret和Steele首先报道,1987年Aricardi提出诊断标准后,各国学者陆续出现个案报道,我们也在国内率先总结了多例患者~([1,2]),下面就本病的临床特征、发病机制、治疗及其与癫(癎)的联系进行综述.     

托吡酯治疗儿童交替性偏瘫的疗效观察

目的 观察托吡酯(TPM)治疗儿童交替性偏瘫(AHC)的临床疗效.方法 对氟桂利嗪等药物治疗无效的6例AHC患儿应用TPM治疗,观察TPM治疗后偏瘫及伴随的癫(癎)和偏头痛的发作频率、持续时间及严重程度的变化.结果 TPM治疗6个月后患儿偏瘫发作频率降低76.4%、持续时间减少80.2%,严重程度亦降低.癫(癎)发作频率和持续时间分别降低84.5%和75.5%,偏头痛发作频率和持续时间分别降低77.5%和76.4%.结论 TPM对氟桂利嗪等治疗无效AHC患儿具有较好的疗效.     

儿童交替性偏瘫

儿童交替性偏瘫(AHC)是一种罕见的综合征。其特征是频繁发作一过性偏瘫,可累及身体任何一侧或两侧。症状首发于18个月内。常伴有发作性眼球运动障碍、植物神经症状、肌张力障碍姿式(dystonic posturing)及舞蹈指痉病(choreathetosis,其典型的发作过程是以痛性尖叫和躁动为先兆,继无出现眼球运动异常及肌张力障碍,之后出现一侧肢体软瘫。一述发作常因睡眠而戏剧性缓解。为了解AHC的临床表现、病程、预后及对氟桂嗪治疗的反应,作者对10例AHC患者进行观察和治疗。 10例(男3例,女7例),平均年龄11岁(3～     

儿童交替性偏瘫3例临床分析

<正> 儿童交替性偏瘫(alternating hemipkgia of childhood,AHC)是一种病因不明的少见综合征,国内报道较少,尤其是一家两人同患此病更为罕见,现将我院收治的三例AHC患儿(其中两例为同胞姐妹)的临床特点及治疗,报告分析如下:     

基底动脉性偏头痛

儿童偏头痛的发病率为2.0％—4.6％,与发热性惊厥之发病率相同。有些偏头痛的变异型常见于一岁以内(眼肌麻痹性偏头痛和儿童交替性偏瘫)而有些则只见于较大儿童和青少年(偏瘫性偏头痛和急性精神混乱状态)。对基底动脉性偏头痛(BAM)所知甚少。BAM侵犯基底动脉及其分枝,表现为脑干,小脑和枕叶皮质功能障碍。本文报告30例儿童BAM。诊断根据是:有明确发作性头痛和/或偏头痛家族史以及有下列一种或多种症状发作之儿童,(1)平衡障碍或眩晕,(2)共济失调步态,(3)视力障碍而无眼病,(4)颅神经障碍(眼肌麻痹性偏     

Benign nocturnal alternating hemiplegia of childhood: six patients and long-term follow-up.

Benign familial nocturnal alternating hemiplegia of childhood refers to recurrent attacks of hemiplegia arising from sleep, described in young children without neurologic or mental impairment. It is probably migraine related. The authors report two unrelated patients with nocturnal attacks starting at 22 and 31 months, followed by daytime episodes in one. The authors confirm the benign course of this disorder. It is distinct from the classic malignant form of alternating hemiplegia of childhood.     

An 11-year follow-up study of neonatal-onset, bath-induced alternating hemiplegia of childhood in twins

The authors previously reported on the initial manifestations in a set of female twins, who presented soon after birth with bath-induced paroxysmal events each time they were immersed in a warm water bath. These episodes progressively ceased by the age of 36 months, replaced by paroxysmal episodes of alternating hemiplegia unrelated to water immersion. By age 4 years, the twins developed the classic features of alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Clinical outcomes at the age of 11 years are now reported. Standard and video-electroencephalograms showed a large, slow background activity followed by lower amplitude waves without focal abnormalities or other abnormal findings. This represents the first report on (a) alternating hemiplegia of childhood started with bath-induced paroxysmal episodes; (b) this condition in monozygotic twins; and (c) an 11-year follow-up study in which the twins continue to experience episodes of alternating hemiplegia in the setting of baseline cognitive impairment without epileptic episodes.     

Vanishing white matter disease with periodic (paroxysmal) hemiparesis

Vanishing white matter disease is a chronically progressive leukodystrophy with periods of acute deterioration after head trauma and febrile illness. This report describes a child with genetically and clinically confirmed vanishing white matter disease exhibiting frequent episodes of right-sided hemiplegia, aphasia, and headache resolving fully within hours to days. This report describes a case of this condition presenting with episodes of hemiparesis with full discovery to baseline. Some possible mechanisms explaining this unusual presentation are provided.     

Polymorphism of epilepsy associated with the A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA (MELAS): reasons for delayed diagnosis

INTRODUCTION: Mitochondrial disease is a potential diagnosis in patients with epilepsy beginning in childhood or adolescence with a typical polymorphic presentation and preponderant occipital lobe seizures. Diagnosis may however be delayed in some patients with long-standing disease, particularly when cardinal mitochondrial symptoms are missing; clinical manifestations may be dissociated over time leading to genetic diagnostic tests being prescribed long after disease onset. OBSERVATION: We report the case of a 17 year old woman in whom the diagnosis of lipothymic episodes, migraine, idiopathic photo-sensitive generalized epilepsy, and partial occipital epilepsy complicated by occipital epileptic status were successively proposed because of the initial clinical presentation and the slow disease course. Eleven years after disease onset the diagnosis of progressive myoclonic epilepsy was made due to the occurrence of myoclonic jerks with giant SEPs associated with a cerebellar syndrome, deterioration of psychomotor performances and diffuse slowing of EEG activity with pseudo-periodic bursts of delta waves. Genetic analysis showed an A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA, usually correlated with the MELAS phenotype, while the clinical presentation of progressive myoclonic epilepsy was more suggestive of MERRF. CONCLUSION: Although each of the symptoms successively observed in this patient has been reported in MELAS, the slow course of the disease, which is unusual in this mutation, the absence of stroke-like episodes, and the polymorphism of the epilepsy all contributed to delayed final diagnosis.     

Single photon emission computed tomography findings in a case of alternating hemiplegia of childhood in relation to migraine

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed 3 times during attacks and performed 4 times during postictal periods on a case of alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Hyperperfusion of the corresponding hemisphere to hemiparesis was suggested by asymmetric increase RI uptake during the ictal scans, whereas interictal scans showed symmetric topography of cerebral blood flow. Manifestations except hemiplegia included loss of consciousness and vomiting. These manifestations and ictal SPECT findings are the same evidence as hemiplegic migraine. It suggests that these two disorders have a similar pathophysiology. There are two interesting findings regarding this patient. The first finding is magnetic resonance imaging showed progressive cerebellar atrophy. Second finding is interictal SPECT showed a progressive decrease of cerebral perfusion, especially in cerebellar hemispheres. These two findings suggest alternating hemiplegia of childhood may be a chronic progressive disorder.     

Multiple sclerosis with extensive lesions, left hemiplegia, mental dysfunction and retrobulbar neuritis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually diagnosed on the basis of the typical clinical course, with remission and exacerbation in multiple parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made a large contribution to the diagnosis of patients with MS. But it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis due to clinical variability of the disease and variable MRI findings. We report the case of a 26-year-old woman who developed progressive left hemiplegia, mental dysfunction, and had extensive bilateral cerebral white matter lesions diagnosed by brain MRI. Complete recovery from the left hemiplegia followed the use of corticosteroid, and her brain MRI findings also improved after medication. Early in the clinical course it was difficult to differentiate between multiple sclerosis and granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. After recovery from the first episode of left hemiplegia and mental dysfunction, she developed acute visual disturbance five months after her first admission. Readmission followed and her retrobulbar neuritis was successfully treated by methylpredonisolone pulse therapy. In summary, she experienced two episodes of neurological deficit, had left hemiplegia and mental dysfunction associated with multiple lesions in bilateral cerebral white matter in brain MRI, and the left retrobulbar neuritis with delay of P100 by visual evoked potential study. Due to these two episodes we concluded that she had multiple sclerosis. Though the initial diagnosis was difficult, prompt treatment and close follow-up was important, since multiple sclerosis and granulomatous angiitis of the CNS can both recur.     

Infantile X-linked ataxia and deafness: a new clinicopathologic entity?

We describe an X-linked disorder of the CNS, characterized by onset, in infancy, of hypotonia, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, developmental delay, esotropias, and optic atrophy, and by a progressive course leading to death in childhood. Pathologically, neuron loss and gliosis of the dentate nucleus and inferior olive are conspicuous; involvement of the cerebellar cortex is less prominent. In the proband, the red nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and central auditory pathways were severely affected. The mother of the proband, now 33, has self-limited episodes of ataxia, and cerebellar atrophy for which no other cause is apparent. The unique heredity, pathology, and clinical picture distinguish this entity from previously described inherited or metabolic ataxias.     

A patient with alternating hemiplegia in childhood

Alternating hemiplegia in childhood (Verret, 1971) is a disorder presenting with frequent episodes of alternating hemiplegia from early infancy. We report a patient with this disorder, along with a pathophysiological study and a discussion about the available therapies for this disorder. The patient, an 11-year-old boy, visited our hospital with episodes of alternating hemiplegia from early infancy. His family history showed that many members suffered from migraine. He was born with asphyxia. Mental and motor developmental delays were seen from early infancy. The hemiplegic episodes with ipsilateral facial palsy had occurred frequently from early infancy. The episodes were frequently induced by emotional stress. The duration of hemiplegia varied from 10 minutes to 3 days. From the age of 11 years, he had begun to have migrainous attacks with or without hemiplegic episodes. Neurological examination revealed slight muscle hypotonia, choreoathetosis and dystonic movements induced by locomotion, positive Myerson sign, increased deep tendon reflexes and Babinski reflex. CAG, VAG and CAT revealed normal findings. EEG revealed diffuse generalized slowing during hemiplegic episodes. Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) by 133Xe inhalation method revealed a slight decrease of bilateral CBF during a quadriplegic episode. Positron emission tomography using C15O2 revealed a slight decrease of CBF at the insula, putamen and claustrum of the left side during a right sided episode. Increased excretion of urinary 5-HIAA was seen during one episode. From our clinical and laboratory findings, we think this disorder may be a special type of migraine. Therapeutic trials of diazepam and flunarizine were both effective, but the initial effectiveness was decreased after 5 months.     

A neurocutaneous disorder with a severe course: Wyburn-Mason's syndrome

Wyburn-Mason's syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder consisting mainly of unilateral arteriovenous malformations of the midbrain and retina with multiple cutaneous nevi. The authors report on the clinical presentation, neurologic phenotype, and long-term neurologic follow-up of two unrelated children. The first patient had recurrent epistaxis during early childhood. At the age of 7 years, he developed acute hemianopsia and right hemiplegia. Angiography revealed large bilateral arteriovenous malformations involving the midbrain thalamic area and the right optic nerve. During the following years, he had recurrent episodes of headache, right hemiplegia, and cognitive deterioration. The second patient had some episodes of epistaxis in the first years of life. At the age of 5 years, he presented with sudden onset of headache, followed by a loss of consciousness, vomiting, and, subsequently, visual disturbances. Angiography revealed deeply located arteriovenous malformations involving the right temporal, frontobasal, capsulonuclear, insular, and parietal areas and the right optic nerve. During the following years, he had an acute strokelike episode followed by transient hemiplegia and slow progressive signs, with mild worsening of cognitive abilities. Early onset of neurologic manifestations is a poor prognostic factor for long-term outcome.     

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood and a pathogenic variant of ATP1A3: a case report and pathophysiological considerations

We describe a case of a child suffering from alternating hemiplegia with a heterozygous p. E815K pathogenic variant of ATP1A3. The patient started to present abnormal eye movements in the first days of life, followed by the appearance at 2 months of dystonic episodes, and later on, by recurrent episodes of alternating hemiplegia more often on the right side. A severe epilepsy started at the age of 2 years with episodes of status epilepticus since the onset which frequently recurred, requiring admission to the intensive care unit. MRI showed bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis and a left‐sided ischaemic lesion. Interictal EEG showed bilateral abnormalities, whereas postictal EEG after status epilepticus showed overt slowing on the left side, suggesting a predominant involvement of ictal activity of the left hemisphere. We hypothesize that in our patient, the left hemisphere might have been more prominently affected by the pathogenetic abnormalities underlying alternating hemiplegia of childhood, rendering it more prone to early ischaemic lesions and recurrent unilateral status epilepticus. We speculate whether alternating hemiplegia of childhood shares some common pathophysiological mechanisms with familial hemiplegic migraine that may be associated with a pathogenic variant of ATP1A2.