肿瘤转移相关分子与鼻咽癌转移关系的研究进展

鼻咽癌是国内头颈部发病率最高的肿瘤,早期症状不明显,远处转移是患者死亡的主要原因.恶性肿瘤的浸润、转移是一个连续而又复杂的过程,近年来,随着人类基因组学和蛋白质组学的发展,越来越多的与肿瘤转移相关的基因、蛋白及信号通路被人们所认识,这些与肿瘤转移相关的分子成为鼻咽癌研究者关注的热点,并不断探讨鼻咽癌转移相关的特异性分子标志,将为鼻咽癌的治疗提供新的思路.本文将讨论鼻咽癌转移的相关分子及其机制.     

骨桥蛋白与肿瘤的关系

肿瘤的发生、发展是序惯性基因改变的结果,但是精确的基因改变与相关的分子途径对于诊断肿瘤侵袭、转移仍然是不明确的.针对肿瘤预后监测指标的研究,对于肿瘤侵袭、转移的诊断及治疗具有重要意义.     

鼻咽癌EMT相关基因的筛选及生物信息学分析

目的 利用生物信息学方法 挖掘鼻咽癌上皮间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)发生的潜在分子机制.方法 从公共基因芯片数据库GEO(gene expression omnibus)中寻找并下载鼻咽癌的相关基因芯片数据,并使用Genclip软件对下载的数据进行分析,寻找鼻咽癌公共基因芯片数据中与EMT相关的基因,并用生物信息学方法 对筛选出来的基因作进一步分析.结果 在公共的鼻咽癌芯片数据中找到35个与EMT相关的差异表达基因,这些基因功能大致与细胞组分、细胞粘附、通信、信号转导、分化、运动、迁移以及细胞表面受体相关的信号转导等有关,这些功能往往都被认为与肿瘤的侵袭和转移有关.结论 利用生物信息学的方法 能有效分析基因芯片数据并获取生物内在信息.鼻咽癌EMT是由于多种基因表达改变所致,这为确定鼻咽癌早期转移诊断标志与预后的预示开辟了新的思路.     

基质金属蛋白酶和血管内皮生成因子的生物学特征及其在鼻咽癌细胞浸润和转移中的作用

在鼻咽癌转移机制研究中,基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)被认为对肿瘤细胞转移起关键性作用,其通过对肿瘤细胞外基质的降解及诱导新生血管、淋巴管形成,促进鼻咽癌细胞浸润及转移.通过研究MMP与VEGF促进鼻咽癌细胞浸润与转移的作用机制,有助于进一步认识鼻咽癌的转移机制,探索和开发鼻咽癌新的诊断和治疗方法,对发展其他组织肿瘤诊断和治疗的新方法也有重要意义.现就MMP、VECF与鼻咽癌转移作一综述.     

MTA1表达与鼻咽癌浸润转移的关系

目的:研究肿瘤转移相关基因Mta1(metastasis-associated gene 1)表达与鼻咽癌浸润转移的关系.方法:应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,对43例鼻咽癌组织和20例正常鼻咽部组织,检测了Mta1 mRNA的表达.结果:43例鼻咽癌组织的Mta1 mRNA平均表达水平(2.36±0.87)明显高于鼻咽部正常组织(0.87±0.45)(P＜0.01);鼻咽癌组织中Mta1 mRNA高表达率与临床分期、T分期、N分期关系密切;43例鼻咽癌有19例Mta1 mRNA高表达,高表达率为44.2%.结论:Mta1基因在鼻咽癌组织中的表达明显高于正常组织,其高表达与鼻咽癌浸润转移关系密切.     

角蛋白19表达与鼻咽癌分化转移的关系

目的 研究角蛋白19(Keratin 19)表达与鼻咽癌分化和转移的关系.方法 免疫组织化学检测62例鼻咽癌、17例淋巴结转移鼻咽癌和16例慢性鼻炎标本中角蛋白19的表达水平,并分析其表达水平与鼻咽癌临床病理特征的关系;采用 Western Blot检测不同分化程度和不同转移潜能NPC细胞系中角蛋白19的表达.结果 鼻咽癌患者中角蛋白19阳性率为74.2%(46/62);淋巴结转移鼻咽癌中阳性率为88.2%(15/17);对照组正常鼻咽上皮中阳性率为12.5%(2/16);角蛋白19在转移癌中表达高于鼻咽癌,而在鼻咽癌中又显著高于正常对照组,两者间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).角蛋白19表达水平与鼻咽癌的组织学类型、肿瘤原发灶大小、淋巴结转移和远处转移有相关性(P＜0.05),而与临床分期、年龄和性别无相关性.结论 角蛋白19表达与鼻咽癌的分化和转移有关,可作为鼻咽癌分化、转移的分子标志物.     

nm23-H1基因抑制肿瘤侵袭转移机制的研究进展

侵袭和转移是恶性肿瘤基本的生物学特性,也是肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因.肿瘤的侵袭转移是一个多基因(包括转移相关基因和转移抑制基因)调控、多阶段、多步骤发生的复杂过程[1].转移相关基因的激活和(或)转移抑制基因的失活均可诱导肿瘤转移表型的产生.导致肿瘤的侵袭转移.nm23-H1基因是一个重要的肿瘤转移抑制基因,已经成为当今肿瘤转移的研究热点之一.本文就国内外nm23-H1基因调控肿瘤侵袭转移分子机制的研究进展综述如下.     

中国人鼻咽癌恶性转化基因的克隆及其生物物理性状研究

鼻咽癌是我国南方及东南亚一些国家和地区的高发肿瘤,其病因发病机理一直是国内外研究的热门课题。利用小鼠JB6细胞和分子克隆技术,我们成功地从中国人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2中克隆出恶性转化基因Tx。鼻咽癌恶性转化基因Tx全长16kb,其3’端含人Alu重复序列。Tx基因在DNA杂交水平与ras、myc等瘤基因以及EB病毒基因无同源性。将该基因转     

RECK基因抑制肿瘤作用的研究进展

反转录富含半胱氨酸蛋白(RECK)基因是近年来发现的一种转录抑制基因,其表达与鼻咽癌、小细胞肺癌、妇科肿瘤、神经胶质细胞瘤等肿瘤的侵袭及转移存在负相关关系,其抑制肿瘤侵袭及转移的方式是通过抑制多种基质金属蛋白酶的表达而实现。该文对RECK基因结构与表达、RECK与多种肿瘤的关系、RECK致恶性肿瘤的机制进行综述。     

鼻咽癌动物模型研究进展

鼻咽癌是中国最常见的头颈部肿瘤之一,发病率逐年增长,具有明显的地域性.在其多因素的发展过程中,遗传易感性、EB病毒和环境因素被认为是主要原因.鼻咽癌的发病机制、肿瘤的转移和浸润机制、中晚期及复发、转移患者更为有效的治疗方式的探寻等都成为广大研究者有待解决的问题.随着转基因、基因敲除等技术在实验动物模型中的广泛应用,建立理想的鼻咽癌动物模型,成为解决上述问题的关键之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.