(S)-(-)-氨磺必利-D-(-)-酒石酸盐的合成

目的 研究(S)-(-)-氨磺必利-D-(-)-酒石酸盐的制备方法。方法 以4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-巯基苯甲酸为原料,经乙基化、氧化得4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-乙基磺酰基苯甲酸(4),另由1-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷经D-(-)-酒石酸拆分得S-(-)-1-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷(6),4与6缩合制得S-(-)-氨磺必利(7),再与D-(-)-酒石酸成盐制得目标物S-(-)-氨磺必利-D-(-)-酒石酸盐(1)。总收率达25%(以4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-巯基苯甲酸计算)。结果 所得产物经元素分析,红外光谱、核磁共振谱及质谱确证了结构。结论 本方法原料易得,反应条件温和,产品质量易控制。     

氨磺必利的合成

4-乙酰胺基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯经浓硫酸磺化、水解、氯化、还原后与溴乙烷反应,再水解得到3-乙基磺酰基-4-氨基-6-甲氧基苯甲酸,最后与1-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷在三乙胺和氯甲酸乙酯作用下缩合制得抗精神分裂症药氨磺必利,总收率约61％.     

新型抗精神病药氨磺必利

近 1 5a来 ,以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症越来越引起人们的关注。现已认识到 ,这一类患者部分的阴性症状是单纯、原发的 ,并可能与多巴胺能功能减弱有关 ,故对经典抗精神病药物疗效欠佳。因此 ,有必要寻找新型治疗药物。氨磺必利 (amisulpride,ASP) ,商品名 Solian,是由 Sanofi- Synthelabo公司开发的一种针对阴性症状具有显著优点的新型非经典抗精神病药物 ,系苯甲酰胺类衍生物 ,化学名称 4-氨基 -氮 - 1 - [(1 -乙基 - 2吡咯烷 )甲基 ]- 5-乙基磺酰 - 2 -甲氧基苯甲酰胺[4- amino- N- 1 [(1 - ethyl- 2 - pyrrolidinyl) methyl]- 5-(eth…     

盐酸硫必利的合成

2-甲氧基苯甲酸通过氯磺化反应得到2-甲氧基-5-(氯磺酰基)苯甲酸,再用亚硫酸钠和硫酸二甲酯进行还原和甲基化反应得到2-甲氧基-5-(甲磺酰基)苯甲酸,在硫酸催化下和甲醇进行酯化得到2-甲氧基-5-(甲磺酰基)苯甲酸甲酯,与N,N-二乙基乙二胺进行酰化反应制得硫必利,最后成盐酸盐得到盐酸硫必利,总收率为46.0%。     

(R)-2-甲基吡咯烷的合成

（R）-N-三苯甲基丙氨醛经wittig-Homer反应和催化加氢反应制得（R）-5-甲基-2-氧代吡咯烷，再用硼烷．二甲硫醚还原得到（R）-2-甲基吡咯烷，总收率63％。     

3-(S)-(-)-(1-氨甲酰基-1,1-二苯甲基)吡咯烷酒石酸盐的制备

以L-苹果酸(2)为原料,经与苄胺缩合、还原、氢解脱苄、磺酰化、烷基化、脱保护基、水解后成盐制得氢溴酸达非那新关键中间体3-(S)-(-)-(1-氨甲酰基-1,1-二苯甲基)吡咯烷酒石酸盐,总收率约22%(以2计).     

多巴胺受体阻断剂左旋舒必利(Levosulpride)

本品为一多巴胺受体阻滞剂,临床上可用作镇吐剂、抗胃肠功能紊乱药、抗精神病药。合成左旋脯氨酸转化成相应的左旋乙酰脯氨酸后经还原、氯化、氨化得到左旋N-乙基-2-氨甲吡咯烷,再用2-甲氧基-5-氨磺酰苯甲酸酯处理得N-(1-乙基-2-吡咯甲烷)-2-甲氧基-5-氨磺酰苯甲胺而制得左     

氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗女性精神分裂症的疗效及安全性

目的：比较氨磺必利和奥氮平对女性精神分裂症患者的疗效与安全性。方法：将60例女性精神分裂症患者随机分组,治疗组30例选用氨磺必利进行治疗,对照组选用奥氮平治疗。观察12周,两组于治疗前及治疗后第2、4、8、12周末,评定阳性与阴性综合量表（PANSS）及治疗时出现的症状量表（TESS）,评价临床疗效与不良反应。结果：两组治疗后2周的阳性与阴性综合量表（PANSS）评分减分率无显著差异（P＞0.05）。经治疗后两组的血清泌乳素值均增加,两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,但治疗组出现月经改变的几率较对照组高（P〈0.05）;治疗组患者的体重升高发生率比对照组低（P〈0.05）。结论：氨磺必利和奥氮平的疗效相当,氨磺必利引起月经改变现象较奥氮平多见,氨磺必利引起体重增加现象较奥氮平少见。     

2,2-二甲基-4-(2,5-二氟苯基)-5-[(4-氨基磺酰基)苯基]-3(2H)-呋喃酮的合成

用2,5-二氟苯乙酸与茴香硫醚经傅-克反应、与3-溴-3-甲基-2-氧代丁腈成环及硝酸氧化制得2,2-二甲基-4-(2,5-二氟苯基)-5-[(4-甲磺酰基)苯基]-3(2H)-呋喃酮(7),7与乙酐反应后再经过硫酸氢钾复合盐氧化、氢氧化钠水解得4-[2,2-二甲基-3-氧代-4-(2,5-二氟苯基)-3(2H)-呋喃-5-基]苯磺酸钠(9),最后依次与磺酰氯和氨水反应制得2,2-二甲基-4-(2,5-二氟苯基)-5-[(4-氨基磺酰基)苯基]-3(2H)-呋喃酮,总收率约46％.     

氨磺必利与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的：观察氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效与安全性。方法将60例首发精神分裂症患者,随机分为氨磺必利组30例,利培酮组30例,疗程8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（ PANSS ）评定疗效,采用副反应量表（ TESS ）评定治疗中出现的不良反应。结果氨磺必利组的治疗总有效率为83.33%,利培酮组为80.00%,两组疗效差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）;氨磺必利组的体重增加明显少于利培酮组（ P〈0.05）。结论氨磺必利与利培酮治疗精神分裂症疗效相当,且氨磺必利引起体重增加数例明显较少,值得临床推广。     

穿心莲内酯固体分散体的制备及体外溶出实验

目的应用固体分散体技术,以提高穿心莲内酯的体外溶出速率。方法采用溶剂法制备了含有不同比例表面活性剂吐温-80的穿心莲内酯-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPk30）固体分散体,采用正交实验优化固体分散体组成,并进行体外溶出;采用X射线衍射（XRD）与扫描电镜（SEM）分析了固体分散体中药物的分散状态。结果穿心莲内酯从固体分散体中溶出的速率明显增加,增加表明活性剂含量有利于药物的溶出;XRD与SEM结果表明,固体分散体中药物以无定形形式存在于载体中。结论以PVPk30为载体,并加入表面活性剂吐温-80制备穿心莲内酯固体分散体能有效地提高穿心莲内酯的溶出速率。     

萘普生不对称合成的中间体缩酮制备方法改进

由Ｌ－酒石酸二甲酯和１－（６－甲氧基－２－萘基）－１－丙酮不对称合成萘普生中间体手性缩酮３，收率８９％。     

Synthesis of 4-alkyl and 4-(beta-alkylvinyl) derivatives of primaquine as potential antimalarials.

4(beta-Alkylvinyl)-6-methoxy-8-nitroquinolines (6) were prepared from 6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline-4-carboxaldehyde (5) via a Wittig reaction. Stannous chloride reduction of 6 gave 4-(beta-alkylvinyl)-8-amino-6-methoxyquinolines (8), whereas catalytic reduction of 6 using Raney nickel catalyst gave 4-alkyl-8-amino-6-methoxyquinolines (7). Alkylation of 7 and 8 with 4-iodo-1-phthalimidopentane, followed by removal of the phthaloyl-protecting group with hydrazine, gave 4-alkyl and 4-(beta-alkylvinyl) derivatives of primiquine, respectively. These compounds were evaluated for antimalarial activity against P. berghei and P. berghei yoelii in mice and against P. cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys. Several of the compounds were active in the P. bergheii yoelii screen. None of the compounds showed significant activity in the other two screens.     

替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半D-(-)-酒石酸盐的制备及其稳定性研究

目的 制备替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半D-( )-酒石酸盐,并开展稳定性研究。方法 以替诺福韦（PMPA）为原料,经亚磷酸三苯酯缩合、二氯亚砜氯代、L-丙氨酸异丙酯缩合制得替诺福韦艾拉酚胺,再与D-( )-酒石酸成盐。结果 制得的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半D-( )-酒石酸盐,经1H-NMR、13P-NMR、MS确证结构,并与半富马酸盐进行稳定性比较。结论 替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半D-( )-酒石酸盐比半富马酸盐具有更好的稳定性,值得进一步开发。     

Potential inhibitors of L-asparagine biosynthesis. 5. Electrophilic amide analogues of (S)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid

Three electrophilic amide analogues of (S)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (1, DAP) have been prepared as potential inhibitors of L-asparagine synthetase (ASase, from Novikoff hepatoma, EC 6.3.5.4). DAP was selectively blocked by the carbobenzoxy (Cbz) group to give 3-N-Cbz-DAP (2a). Esterification of 2a with isobutylene afforded tert-butyl 3-N-carbobenzoxy-(S)-2,3-diaminopropionate (3a), which was then blocked at the 2 position with the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group to give tert-butyl 2-[(S)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-[(carbobenzoxy)amino]propionate (4). Selective cleavage of the Cbz group by H2/Pd gave the key intermediate tert-butyl 2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(S)-2,3-diaminopropionate (5), which was acylated, via the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, with bromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and fumaric acid monoethyl ester to give tert-butyl 2-[(S)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-amino]-3-(2-bromoacetamido)propionate (6a), tert-butyl 2-[(S)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(2,2-dichloroacetamido)propionate (6b), and tert-butyl 2-[(S)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)acrylamido]-propionate (6c), respectively. Deblocking of 6a-c gave the corresponding amino acids (S)-2-amino-3-(2-bromoacetamido)propionic acid hydrobromide (7a), (S)-2-amino-3-(2,2-dichloroacetamido)propionic acid (7b), and ethyl N-[(S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]fumarate (7c). By a slightly different procedure, 5 was converted in two steps to (S)-2-amino-3-acetamidopropionic acid hydrobromide (7d). The inhibition of ASase by 7a-c at 1 mM was 93, 19, and 37%, respectively, while 7d was without inhibition at 2 mM. Compounds 7a-c failed to increase the life span of mice infected with B16 melanoma.     

Dual inhibitors of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase as antitumor agents: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of classical and nonclassical pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates(1)

We designed and synthesized a classical analogue N-[4-[(2-amino-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)thio]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid (4) and thirteen nonclassical analogues 5-17 as potential dual thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors and as antitumor agents. The key intermediate in their synthesis was 2-amino-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, 22, to which various aryl thiols were conveniently attached at the 5-position via an oxidative addition reaction using iodine. For the classical analogue 4, the ester obtained from the reaction was deprotected and coupled with diethyl L-glutamate followed by saponification. Compound 4 was a potent dual inhibitor of human TS (IC(50) = 90 nM) and human DHFR (IC(50) = 420 nM). Compound 4 was not a substrate for human FPGS. Metabolite protection studies established TS as its principal target. Most of the nonclassical analogues were only inhibitors of human TS with IC(50) values of 0.23-26 microM.     

Orally absorbable cephalosporin antibiotics. 3. Preparation of biologically active R isomer of 7-(3-benzothienylglycylamido)deacetoxycephalosporanic acid

The methyl and isopropyl esters of (RS)-3-benzothienylglycine were resolved with (+)- and (-)-tartaric acid in acetonitrile to give the corresponding R and S salts. The R-salt 4 was hydrolyzed to (R)-3-benzothienylglycine (5). The amino group in 5 was protected with the Boc function and the protected R amino acid 6 coupled with the p-NB ester of 7-ADCA to give the diprotected cephalosporin 7. After removal of the Boc and p-NB groups, the R isomer of 7-(3-benzothienylglycylamido)deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (1) was obtained. The p-NB ester of epimeric cephalosporin 7 was separated by preparative chromatography into R and S isomers. After removal of the protective groups, the S epimer was isolated. The comparison of antibacterial activity of the R and S epimers and the RS mixture of cephalosporin 1 is reported.     

Synthetic cephalosporins. V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-alkylthio-7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(O-substituted oxyimino)acetamido]cephalosporins and related compounds

3-Alkylthio-7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(O-substituted oxyimino)acetamido]cephalosporins (6 and 7) and the 3-methoxy analogues (10) were prepared by coupling diphenylmethyl 7-amino-3-alkylthio-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (1 and 2) or diphenylmethyl 7-amino-3-methoxy-3-cephem-4-carboxylate with (Z)-2-(2-tritylaminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(O-substituted oxyimino)acetic acid (4), followed by deprotection and subjected to examination of antibacterial activities. The pivaloyloxymethyl esters (8 and 9) of the compounds (6 and 7) were also prepared and oral activities of these esters were compared with those of the parent compounds (6 and 7). The cephalosporins (6a-j and 7a-c) had potent and wide antibacterial spectra against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria which were comparable to those of cefixime or cefteram. Among them, the cephalosporins (6f and 7c) and the pivaloyloxymethyl esters (8b and 9b) had good in vivo efficacy in mice against infections of Escherichia coli No. 29 and especially 8b showed high urinary recovery in mice.     

4（R）—（6—氨基—9—嘌呤基）—2（R）—（羟甲基）四氢呋喃—3（R）—醇的合成

为寻找抗免疫缺陷病毒化合物,以D－核糖为原料,经甲基化、硅烷基化、还原裂解反应制得重要中间体1－脱氧核糖（5）,再通过形成环状亚砜化合物,与NaN3发生反应后,经过还原、缩合、环合、氨化、脱保护基反应制得异脱氧腺嘌呤核苷（1）,各步反应收率均超过70％。     

Inactivation of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase by (S,E)-4-amino-5-fluoropent-2-enoic acid and effect on the enzyme of (E)-3-(1-aminocyclopropyl)-2-propenoic acid

(S,E)-4-Amino-5-fluoropent-2-enoic acid (6) is synthesized in six steps starting from the known gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (gamma-Abu-T) inactivator, (S)-4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid (1). Compound 6 is a mechanism-based inactivator of gamma-Abu-T: time-dependent inactivation is saturatable and protected by substrate; thiols do not protect the enzyme from inactivation; no enzyme activity returns upon dialysis. This compound (6) binds 50 times more tightly to gamma-Abu-T than does the saturated analogue (1). No transamination of 6 occurs prior to inactivation. However, five molecules of 6 are required to inactivate the enzyme with concomitant release of five fluoride ions. Therefore, four molecules are being converted to product for each inactivation event. (E)-3-(1-Aminocyclopropyl)-2-propenoic acid is synthesized in seven steps from 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid. It is prepared as a cyclopropyl derivative of the proposed intermediate in the inactivation of gamma-Abu-T by 6. The cyclopropyl derivative, however, is a noncompetitive inhibitor and does not inactivate the enzyme. This study shows the usefulness and hazards of incorporation of a trans double bond into potential gamma-Abu-T inactivators.