儿童社区获得性肺炎智能辅助诊断技术及应用研究

目的:针对区域专科医联体协同体系中,儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)分级诊疗协作的需求,设计研发了一种计算机智能辅助诊断系统.方法:基于基层儿科医疗机构在接诊CAP患儿过程中获得的临床资料,通过自然语言处理和知识图谱技术,建立基于患者临床表现特征的辅助分层与分型诊断模型.结果 和结论:形成一套基于人工智能技术的儿童社区获得...     

The implementation of a knowledge-based pathology Hypertext under HyperCard

A knowledge-based Hypertext of Pathology integrating videodisc-based images and computer-generated graphics with the textual cognitive information of an undergraduate pathology curriculum has been developed. The system described in this paper was implemented under HyperCard⁰⁰ during 1988 and 1989. Three earlier versions of the system that were developed on different platforms are contrasted with the present system. Strengths, weaknesses, and future extensions of the system are enumerated. The conceptual basis and organizational principles of the knowledge base are also briefly discussed.     

罕见病智能知识服务体系设计

为使罕见病患者及其家属和医务人员等更加精准便捷地获取罕见病知识、熟悉罕见病的临床特点及了解罕见病专家和药物资源分布,并缓解罕见病诊疗难题、促进医患交流及提高公众对罕见病的认知水平,本文对罕见病智能知识服务体系的设计进行了探讨。罕见病智能知识服务体系的设计思路为：根据罕见病知识受众的特点,设计罕见病知识服务模式;通过对罕见病诊疗指南、经典病例、专业文献、专业书籍和临床诊断标准等资料进行整理和分析以广泛采集罕见病领域的权威知识,在由罕见病领域专家对其进行审核的基础上,基于人工智能、数据挖掘、大数据处理和软件工程等技术形成多样化的罕见病知识体系、知识库和模型库,最终构建罕见病智能知识服务平台。借助信息化平台和“互联网+医疗”远程、智能、便捷和高效的独特优势为患者及其家属、医务人员和管理者等提供10类智能化服务的同时,提升罕见病的识别、筛查和诊断水平,促进罕见病注册和疾病地图绘制,并助力罕见病防治。     

BioSYNTHESIS: Access to a knowledge network of health sciences databases

Users of the IAIMS Knowledge Network at the Georgetown University Medical Center have access to multiple in-house and external databases from a single point of entry through BioSYNTHESIS. The IAIMS project has developed a rich environment of biomedical information resources that represent a medical decision support system for campus physicians and students. The BioSYNTHESIS system is an information navigator that provides transparent access to a Knowledge Network of over a dozen databases. These multiple health sciences databases consist of bibliographic, informational, diagnostic, and research systems which reside on diverse computers such as DEC VAXs, SUN 490, AT&T 3B2s, Macintoshes, IBM PC/PS2s and the ATT ISN and SYTEK network systems. Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols are used in the network architecture. BioSYNTHESIS also provides network links to the other campus libraries and to external institutions. As additional knowledge resources and technological advances have become available, BioSYNTHESIS has evolved from a two phase to a three phase program. Major components of the system including recent achievements and future plans are described.     

我国中医知识库研究回顾与展望

通过阐述我国中医知识库的主要发展历程,分析我国中医知识库的需求和发展趋势,指出未来服务于现代中医个体诊疗体系的中医知识库,需要通过不同领域知识的交叉融合,借助先进的人工智能技术和知识管理理念,构建一个具备知识获取、应用、评价等知识管理功能的大型、通用、智能决策型知识库。     

智能化教学网站中知识点的设计

通过对目前网络上的智能教学网站存在的问题进行分析,介绍了知识点的作用以及关于知识点及其内部逻辑结构的初步设计模型。     

Designing an outcome-oriented computer decision-support system for cardiovascular ICU—A preliminary report

This paper describes the conceptual framework and preliminary results of an outcome-oriented decision-support system prototype for the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU). The major characteristics of this design include: (1) its problem-based approach to solving clinical problems; (2) an integrated structure with the hospital information system in terms of its data, model and knowledge bases; (3) proposed alternative modes of interaction that include monitoring and critiquing; (4) and research modules that design, manage, and analyze outcome-based clinical studies. At present, an initial prototype has been implemented on a PC as a set of modules accessible from a main menu. The structural framework of the overall system is fairly well defined but only limited quantitative, statistical and expert knowledge has been captured. The second phase of the project involves porting the prototype to a Unix workstation environment, refining and adding models to the model base, expanding its knowledge bases, reasoning capability, and testing the prototype with actual clinical cases in a real-time fashion.     

融“古”贯“今”,构建智慧中医新体系

中医研究和发展存在两大难题：传承难和临床服务能力低。随着人工智能技术在医学领域应用的逐渐成熟,在国家推动中医发展的战略背景下,构建全生态中医知识库和智慧系统将改善中医传统传承模式,提升中医临床服务能力。同时,完善中医智能化的相关法律法规将会推动智慧中医发展,进一步提升中医服务能力,最终实现面向基层的涵盖中医知识构建与分析的智慧中医体系,为我国智慧中医推广提供新模式。     

Using neural networks to diagnose cancer

While artificial brains are in the realm of science fiction, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are scientific facts. An artificial neural network is a computational structure modeled somewhat on the neural structure of the brain; both have many highly interconnected processing elements. These biologically inspired processing elements are taught by feeding examples until the results are acceptable. In the past 5 years, neural networks have become successful in providing meaningful second opinions in clinical diagnosis. In our research, a prototype artificial neural network was trained on numeral ultrasound data of 52 actual cases and then correctly identified renal cell carcinoma from renal cysts and other conditions without diagnostic errors. Our nonlinear artificial neural network was trained on software using the standard backpropagation paradigm on a 80386 microcomputer. Our ANN learned from ultrasound data in 52 cases (17 malignant, 30 cysts, and 5 other) at a Memphis hospital. The trained prototype performed without error on 47 cases which were not in the data used for training. This prototype must be validated by extending this study to more cases.     

初步医学院校开展人工智能课程的研究：以陆军军医大学为例

医学院校开展人工智能课程,存在学生缺乏人工智能基础知识、缺少与医学紧密相关的人工智能教材、难以照搬医学课程的教学模式等问题。基于此,陆军军医大学通过开设人工智能课程,并对教学实施过程、教学效果进行总结和分析,探索适合医学本科生学习的人工智能课程体系;以期提高学生运用人工智能技术进行医学项目实践的能力,促进医工结合,并为...     

色谱故障诊断专家系统

色谱故障诊断专家系统郭寅龙，相秉仁，安登魁（中国药科大学分析计算中心，南京２１０００９）关键词专家系统；色谱；故障诊断气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法已在各个领域中获得广泛的应用，并成为分析化学一个重要分支学科。但是，目前大多数操作人员仍需花费大量的时间去...     

A distributed approach to integrated inquiry and display for radiology

Picture archive and communications (PACS) systems should be flexible and modular in design so that new advances in storage, computation, and display technology can be introduced into the system without a significant redesign of existing software. The acquisition, storage, and management of radiologic images must be carefully integrated with a radiology information system. Our architecture is based on a four-level data model: (1) patient information, (2) examination information and reports, (3) image information, and (4) instances of images. The PACS being developed at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology within the Electronic Radiology Laboratory consists of three primary components: application clients, database servers and image servers. One type of application client is an image-capable workstation that supports a radiology image viewing application. The application client queries the database server for information regarding patient and examination data in response to user-level requests. The database server responds to the request by retrieving the appropriate patient demographics and examination information, along with a pointer to the image/instance data from a central database. The client then uses the image data pointer to query the image server for the actual pixel data. The image server responds by transmitting the pixel data to the requesting application client or a designated auxiliary display device. Other clients act as image data acquisition nodes. Queries to the database servers are made via a library of callable subroutines. Software integrity is maintained throughout the system by dynamically loading software from a code-control database. Inquiry and display transactions, supported on a local-area network (Ethernet), have been measured and analyzed. Results and observations are presented.     

认知科学、系统科学与中医药理论

物质的本质、宇宙的起源、生命的本质和智能的呈现是人类关注的4个基本问题。认知科学、思维科学和人工智能等学科的研究都与4个基本问题之一的智能的呈现密切相关。认知科学在当前学科交叉发展的情况下,着眼于认知心理、脑科学、神经生理以及人工智能、模式识别等多方面的研究。这一切体现着多学科、多领域融合的趋势,同时"认知复杂性"也成为了时代科学的特征。在介绍认知科学、系统科学的同时,针对其理论特点与中医药理论的交叉之处,论述以中医理论分析解释人体复杂巨系统的可能性,为进一步阐述中医理论的合理性、科学性奠定基础。     

基于新型CDSS辅助的病案首页填报及质控

基于人工智能技术的新型临床决策支持系统,可通过构建设计编码规则与知识库系统、优化质控逻辑与质控指标体系,对医疗过程进行智能监测和管控,实时监控病案首页的填写情况与质量,强化医疗过程质量稽查,对存在质量缺陷与不符质控规则的诊疗流程进行预警提醒,有助于实现更有效的病案管理与医疗质控。     

基于HL7协议的健康信息智能咨询系统的设计

[目的]阐述了"基于HL7协议的健康信息智能咨询系统"设计方案。[方法]通过对现代社会健康保健服务模式的研究,运用数据库和人工智能技术,采用B/S模型,net技术实现系统。[结果]建立常见病、多发病的健康保健专家知识库,开发了健康信息智能化咨询系统;研究健康体检数据的标准化传输,开发基于HL7协议的接口引擎;构建了健康体检数据库,以及健康体检信息分析系统,跟踪分析个体体检数据;构建了健康状况评估系统以及疾病危险因素模型动态生成系统,通过健康评估,可及早发现潜在疾病危险因素。[结论]建立基于Web的开放式健康保健咨询平台,通过互联网提供健康保健咨询服务,是健康保健服务的一种有效形式。     

人工智能在儿童医疗健康领域的应用与思考

分析国内外儿童健康领域人工智能战略,从机器视觉与智能图像识别、机器听觉与智能语音识别、机器控制与智能仿生系统、机器认知与知识图谱构建4个方面阐述人工智能在儿童医疗健康领域的主要应用场景、典型应用案例和研究进展,展望未来发展前景。     

人工智能技术在护理领域的应用现状与发展趋势

人工智能技术在疾病诊断、病理分析、新药研发等方面应用广阔,将人工智能技术与护理专业结合,制定相应的专家系统、智能辅佐设计和决策支持系统等将提高社会、经济的综合效益。本文总结了人工智能技术在护理领域各方面的研究进展和运用现状,针对临床护理、护理教育及延伸护理等子领域分别阐述了目前人工智能技术的研究及应用情况,为进一步的研究工作提供参考。     

中医数字辨证配套医案智能采集与分析系统构建研究

中医数字辨证是中医智能辅助诊断的核心,辨证模型的质量直接影响辨证的准确度和效率。为了建立中医数字辨证模型并验证其准确度,需要准备大量的配套医案。根据中医数字辨证模型对医案的需求,设计了中医数字辨证配套医案智能采集与分析系统,利用人工智能技术和Python编程技术实现了医案采集、医案展示、医案检索、数据统计分析及可视化等功能,有助于快速采集并筛选出符合条件的中医医案,提高中医数字辨证模型的创建效率和质量。     

中医药院校药学类专业学生信息素养调查研究

以黑龙江中医药大学药学院为例,对药学类专业学生开展调查,分析其信息意识、信息知识、信息技能、信息道德、信息安全等方面的认知,指出提高其信息素养的方法,包括强化信息意识、加强信息能力、采取多途径的培养方式以及开展层次化教学。     

人工智能自然语言处理在阿尔茨海默病中的应用

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer''s disease,AD）是一种不可逆的神经系统退行性病变,主要表现为记忆、执行、语言等方面的损害,早期发现并干预可延缓疾病的进展。目前,临床上常用传统纸笔式神经心理量表评估患者认知功能,但其具有一定的主观性及局限性。人工智能自然语言处理（natural language processing,NLP）是一种融合语言学、计算机学及机器学习的认知评估工具,通过更加客观的分析人类语言来评估患者认知功能下降的程度,可以帮助临床医生早期识别轻度认知功能障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）患者、AD患者并对AD患者进行分类。本文将对人工智能NLP在AD中的应用进行综述。