房室结折返性心动过速的电生理研究

房室结折返性心动过速的电生理研究盛晓东宋建平惠杰汪康平蒋文平随着电生理检查的深入，人们对临床电生理的一些理论和现象有了新的认识和提高。本文分析了９６例房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮ－ＲＴ），旨在探讨ＡＶＮＲＴ的电生理特征。材料和方法临床资料１９９２年１...     

射频消融房室结慢径治疗房室结折返性心动过速消融终点的探讨

消融房室结慢径是治疗房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）安全而有效的方法.但AVNRT消融终点标准意见不尽一致.本文分析163例AVNRT的射频导管消融术（RFCA）电生理特征及慢径消融时的心电改变,并对其消融的终点标准、消融方法学及并发症预防进行探讨.     

房室折返性心动过速合并房室结双径现象

目的 分析射频消融术证实的房室帝道（ＡＰ）合并房室结双径（ＤＡＶＮＰ）,以了解其电生理特点。方法 以食管心房调博及心内电生理检查,确诊室上速合并房室结双径１２例,并行射频消融枚。结果 ＡＰ合并ＤＡＶＮＰ占ＡＰ的１６．４％（１２／７３）,多为陷匿性ＡＰ（１０／１２）,其折返途径多为ＡＰ逆传（１０／１２）,房室结单一径路前传,房室结快径道不应期及心动过速时ＲＰ’（ＶＡ）与ＲＰ意期,在食道电生理与心内电     

房室结慢径消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速并发完全性房室阻滞的研究

<正> 射频消融(Radiofrequency current ablation,RFCA)治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)临床上已得到广泛开展,选择性消融慢径被一致认为是最安全、有效的方法.但有部分患者并发完全性房室传导阻滞,即使在有经验的心脏中心,其发生率仍为0～3%,可发生在消融过程中,亦可发生在消融术后.我们对我院开展RFCA工作以来发生的2例完全性房室传导阻滞病例进行了回顾分析,以避免今后发生完全性房室传导阻滞等并发症.1 资料和方法病例:对56例AVNRT病人进行了房室结慢径消融,其中2例出现Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞,均为男性,年龄分别为63岁、32岁,阵发性室上性心动过速病史超过十年,既往无器质性心脏病和传导阻滞病史.     

伴连续房室结功能曲线的房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的：探讨不存在房室结双径路特性的房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的电生理特点。方法：102例AVNRT患分为3组：A组15例,存在连续房室结功能曲线,心房递增起搏时无AH间期跳跃（≥5ms)延长;B组21例,存在连续房室结功能曲线,心房递增起搏时有AH间期跳跃（≥50ms）延长;C组64例,存在不连续房室结功能曲线。比较3组患射频消融前后心房递增起搏时最大AH间期[AHmax(WCL)]、心房期前刺激时最大AH间期[AHmax(ERP)]、房室结前向和逆向传导有效不应期（ERP）、保持房室1：1传导的心房／心室起搏周长和心动过速周长。结果：3组患消融后AHmax(WCL)和AHmax（ERP）均明显短于消融前（P＜0．01）。B组和C组的消融后房室结前向ERP明显增加,而组无明显变化。A组消融前AHmax和房室结逆向ERP、消融后AHmax下降程度以及心动过速周长均小于B组和C组患。结论：伴连续房室结功能曲线的AVNRT患,心房刺激可表现或不表现房室结双径路的电生理特性,射频消融后心房刺激时AHmax明显缩短提示已成功根治了AVNRT。     

经导管射频消融改良房室结治疗房室结折返性心动过速

报道24例病人经射频消融(RFCA)慢径改良房室结治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的研究结果。RFCA后24例病人均不再诱发AVNRT(100％),其中23例慢径传导消失(95.8％),1例慢径传导明显减慢(4.2％)。认为RFCA改良慢径对房室和室房传导没有明显影响,其消融成功的可能预测指标为:X线影象消融电极位于房室结后下部、消融电极图A/V<0.4,放电出现交界性早搏或并行性交界性心律。     

快慢型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的分析快慢型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）患者的临床特征、心电网和电生理检查特点、射频消融治疗特点,旨在为临床长RP。心动过速鉴别提供帮助。方法11例经心内电生理检查证实为慢快型房室结折返性心动过速的患者,回顾性分析其临床特征、心电图特点及电生理检查特点及射频消融治疗。结果心动过速表现为窄QRs波心动过速,RP’〉P’R,P。在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联倒置,RP’间期为350±25ms,心率为1664-30bpm。11例患者中有3例出现室房逆传跳跃现象。心房程序刺激无明显跳跃现象,11例均可由心房StS：刺激诱发心动过速发作,且容易诱发,容易终止。心动过速发作时,5例CS9．10A波最早,6例HiS的A波最早,其中1例静推ATP心动过速终止。11例患者中9例经房室结改良消融传统慢径获得成功,2例在冠状静脉窦内消融成功,术后随访3个月以上均未再发作心动过速。结论长RP’心动过速的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定困难,如能排除慢旁道和房速,应考虑快慢型房室结折返性心动过速。     

房室结折返性心动过速慢径消融终点与复发的关系

目的:观察房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的慢径消融终点与复发的联系。方法:534个慢-快型AVNRT患者行慢径消融治疗,观察A型终点(彻底消融慢径,房室结无跳无折)和B型终点(残留慢径有或无1～3心房回波,不能诱发AVNRT)与AVNRT复发的联系及对房室结传导的影响。结果:①A型复发5例(1.2%),B型复发11例(9.4%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。②A型终点房室结前传文氏周期(Wen-AVN)、快径前传有效不应期和房室结双径路(DAVNP)的跳跃增值缩短,B型快径前传有效不应期和房室结双径路的跳跃增值缩短,A型有效不应期的缩短明显大于B型。结论:A型终点的复发率明显低于B型终点;只要改变房室传导功能,不能诱发心动过速,B型终点仍然是有效、可靠的消融终点。     

Atrial tachycardia with slow pathway conduction mimicking typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

A 68-year-old woman with palpitations underwent electrophysiologic testing. During burst atrial pacing the PR interval exceeded the RR interval and induced a supraventricular tachycardia consistent with a typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway during the tachycardia immediately produced 2 : 1 AV conduction. After slow AV nodal pathway ablation an atrial tachycardia (AT) remained inducible with the earliest atrial activation around the HB region. Radiofrequency ablation at the site of earliest atrial activation interrupted the AT without AV block. AT originating from the HB region with slow pathway conduction may mimic typical AVNRT.     

射频消融治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速的体会

目的　讨论射频消融术 (RFCA)治疗儿童房室经折返性心动过速的体会。方法　 1992年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,应用射频消融术 (RFCA)治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速共 5 2例 ,男 3 0例 ,女 2 2例 ,平均年龄 (8 4± 3 2 )岁 (3 5～15岁 )。全部病例均行食道心房调搏术及心内电生理检查 ,选择消融慢径路。结果　食道心房调搏术S2 R跳跃延长(63 1± 10 3 )ms(5 0～ 110ms) ,心内电生理检查AH跳跃延长 (5 2 4± 15 8)ms(3 0～ 10 5ms)。总消融成功率 97 6% ,输出功率 (18 2± 3 2 )W ,放电次数 (12 1± 4 2 )次 ,手术时间(1 5± 0 5 )h ,X线曝光时间 (18 5± 5 4)min。结论　射频消融术治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速是安全、有效的 ,但应严格掌握适应证     

房室结折返性心动过速的可能折返机制和分型及其在指导慢径消融中的意义

目的根据房室结存在快径、右侧后延伸（经典慢径）和左侧后延伸（另一条慢径）和折返环路,对房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）进行分型,并根据电生理检查和射频消融的结果验证以上分型,同时分析此分型在指导房室结慢径消融中的意义.方法 812例入院进行射频消融AVNRT患者,常规行程序心房和心室电刺激和心内标测.根据AVNRT的类型分别采用消融房室结前传慢径和/或逆传慢径的方法治疗AVNRT.结果采用目前常用的AVNRT的分型方法,812例AVNRT患者中,慢快型659例（81%）、慢慢型81例（10%）、快慢型72例（9%）.所有812例AVNRT患者均消融或改良房室结慢径成功.按AVNRT可能的6种折返环路分型,慢快型649例（80%）、左侧变异慢快型10例（1%）、快慢型和变异快慢型57例（7%）、左侧变异快慢型15例（2%）、慢慢型81例（10%）.结论按房室结快径、右侧后延伸和左侧后延伸可能形成的6条折返环路,对AVNRT进行分型,符合电生理检查和射频消融的结果.此分型对理解AVNRT的折返机制和指导房室结慢径消融治疗AVNRT有较大的意义.     

Laser catheter ablation of atrial flutter and of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in a single session

This report describes an adolescent with refractory atrial flutter(AF) and atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia whowas cured by Nd: YAG, 1064 nm, laser application. Two impactsof 30 s each (power 30 W and irradiated spot diameter 2.0–2.5mm), applied via a novel laser catheter system, abolished bothAF and AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. The procedure was withoutcomplications or recurrent arrhythmias.     

慢慢型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理机制和射频导管消融治疗

目的　探讨慢慢型房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT)的电生理机制和不同射频导管消融方法的治疗效果。方法　812例AVNRT患者分为两组,第 1组 500例,比较慢慢型中前传慢径和逆传慢径的成功消融部位的异同、比较在慢慢型和快慢型中选择性地消融逆传慢径部位的异同。第 2组312例,在设想慢慢型AVNRT折返机制的基础上,前瞻性地对慢慢型仅选择性消融前传慢径而不消融逆传慢径。结果　第 1组 59例慢慢型AVNRT的前传和逆传慢径的传导时间和成功消融的部位明显不同,逆传慢径多在冠状静脉窦(CS)窦口内或CS近端消融成功,而前传慢径多在三尖瓣环和CS窦口之间消融成功;慢慢型与快慢型的逆传慢径有明显不同的传导时间、递减特性和解剖分布。在第 2组前瞻性地仅消融前传慢径治疗 22例慢慢型组中,在三尖瓣环和CS窦口之间成功消融前传慢径并治愈AVN RT后, 21例逆传慢径功能不变,其逆传慢径最早心房插入点部位与前传慢径消融部位不同。所有 812例AVNRT均消融成功,第 1组在 3年以上的随访中, 387例慢快型复发 1例 (0 3% ), 59例慢慢型复发6例(10% ), 54例快慢型无复发。第 2组 312例 3 ~48 ( 23±12 )个月的随访中,慢快型复发 2例(0 5% ),慢慢型和快慢型无复发。结论　(1)慢慢型AVNRT应用电生理特性和解剖分布不同的两条慢径形     

Optimal target temperature for slow pathway ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

Objective To define optimal target temperature for the slow pathway ablation.Materials and methods In this study, 268 patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (190 females; mean age, 49 ± 14 years) who underwent slow pathway ablation using a combined electroanatomic approach were enrolled. The patients were categorized into Group 1 if target temperature was <55°C or into Group 2 if target temperature was ≥55°C. Group 2 was divided into three subgroups of 55°C (Sgp-1), 60°C (Sgp-2), and 65°C (Sgp-3).Results Acute success rate was similar in both groups (P = 0.83). The ablation time (26.2 ± 20 vs. 36.5 ± 28 min; P = 0.014), fluoroscopy time (11.6 ± 9.7 vs. 17.8 ± 16.6 min; P = 0.035), and number of applications (4.1 ± 3.2 vs. 9.1 ± 6.5; P = 0.02) were lower for Group 2 than Group 1 patients. The frequency of AV or VA block, impedance rise, and coagulum formation were comparable in two groups (all P > 0.05). During mean follow-up of 14 ± 3 months, recurrence of the arrhythmia was seen in higher proportion of Group 1 than Group 2 patients (P = 0.036). Among the Group 2 patients, there were no significant differences between the three subgroups in terms of acute success rate, fluoroscopy time, risks of AV and VA block, pericardial effusion, and recurrence (All P > 0.05). Number of applications and RF pulse duration were lower in Sgp-2 and 3 compared to Sgp-1 (All P > 0.05). Impedance rise and coagulum formation were slightly higher in Sgp-3 compared to Sgp-1 and 2 but this difference did not reach statistical significance (All P > 0.05).Conclusions Compared to less than 55°C, target temperatures ≥55°C during slow pathway ablation significantly reduces fluoroscopy time, RF pulse duration, number of RF applications, and recurrence of AVNRT without increase in risk of AV or VA block or coagulum formation.     

房室结折返性心动过速患者射频导管消融术后的远期随访研究

目的评价慢径改良术治疗房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的远期疗效和安全性。方法随访了184例房室结射频导管消融(RFCA)术后的AVNRT患者[男性82例,女性102例,平均年龄(48.8±15.2)岁],平均随访时间(32±26)个月。随访内容包括心电图和24h动态心电图PR间期、心动过速复发率、并发症发生率以及生活质量等。结果接受随访的本组患者慢径改良术成功率99.5%(183/184),复发率3.8%(7/184),其中术后1周内复发3例,6个月以上复发4例。一度房室阻滞经心电图证实为5例(2.7%),经动态心电图监测为9例(7.6%)。二度房室阻滞2例(1.7%),无一例发生三度房室阻滞。95.1%的患者远期随访无任何不适主诉。结论远期随访表明,射频消融房室结慢径治疗AVNRT是安全、有效的,提高了患者的生活质量。     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in a patient with orthotopic heart transplantation by bicaval anastomosis

Patients with orthotopic heart transplantation may have a variety of arrhythmias. There are reports of successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of some of them. Two months after orthotopic cardiac transplantation by bicaval anastomosis, a 49-year-old man developed episodes of tachycardia. The patient develope with dyspnoea and hypotension during typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) revealed by electrocardiogram. During programmed atrial stimulation with progressively increasing prematurity, dual auriculoventricular nodal physiology was observed and AVNRT was induced. This tachycardia was successfully eliminated without complications by radiofrequency catheter ablation of the slow pathway. The patient remained asymptomatic at 4-month follow-up.     

房室结功能曲线连续性房室结折返性心动过速患者的射频消融终点初探

目的　探讨房室结功能曲线连续性房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT)患者的射频消融终点。方法　在AVNRT患者中 ,对心房 A1 A2 和 A1 A2 A3程序刺激房室结功能曲线均呈连续性者为 组 ,A1 A2 刺激房室结功能曲线呈连续性而 A1 A2 A3刺激呈不连续性者为 a组 ,房室结功能曲线均呈不连续性者为 b组。行慢径区域消融后 ,对组间的电生理参数进行比较。结果　 组非典型 AVNRT的诱发率高于 组 (2 7.3 % vs5 .6% ,P<0 .0 5 )。在 I组和 a组 ,消融后最长 A2 H2 间期 (A2 H2 m ax)均比消融前有所缩短 ,但无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而 b组则显著缩短 (3 76± 73 ms vs2 0 6± 5 6ms,P<0 .0 1)。消融后 组、 a组和 b组的最长 A3H3间期 (A3H3m ax)均比消融前显著缩短 (2 74± 71ms vs 196± 45 ms,P<0 .0 5 ;3 62± 91m s vs 2 2 6± 72 m s,P<0 .0 1;3 85± 88ms vs 2 19± 61ms,P<0 .0 1)。结论　非典型 AVNRT与房室结功能曲线的连续性有关。对于房室结功能曲线连续性的 AVNRT患者 ,消融后 A3H3max的缩短可作为消融终点的指标之一