金华火腿风味物质微胶囊制作技术的研究

本文是微胶囊技术在食品工业中的一则具体运用。以金华火腿为主要原料,经提取其风味物质,再利用微胶囊技术处理,制成火腿风味物质微胶囊。并对其主要质量指标进行测定,为火腿微胶囊的研究开发提供了一条线索。     

Microbiological Study Of The Fermentation Of Ugba,A Nigerian Indigenous Fermented Food Flavour

The traditional method for preparing ugba from African oil bean is described.Microorganisms associated with the various stages of fermentation were mainlybacteria. The bacteria isolated were various species of Bacillus and Staphylococcus. The morphological and biochemical properties of the isolateswere studied in pure cultures. During the fermentation the temperature increasedup to 38.5 °C in 24 hours, but was subsequently steady at about 28 °C; the pH and moisture content increased progressively throughout the period of fermenta·tion.

The fermenting microorganisms are fast growing facultative anaerobes. Theyare mesophiles with optimum growth temperature range of 30 to 50 °C. Theoptimum pH for growth Was 7 for the two predominant isolates. The isolatesutilized various carbohydrates as carbon sources. Sucrose and raffinose gave thehighest growth for Bacillus subtilis, while glucose gave the highest growth for Staphylococcus sp. Growth decreased with increasing concentration of sodiumchloride in the medium.     

Public perception of population health risks in Canada: Risk perception beliefs

A national survey of health risk perception among 1,503 adult Canadians was conducted in 2004 as a follow-up to a previous survey in 1992. Respondents were asked to indicate their personal opinion regarding a range of risk perception belief statements reflecting environmental concern, social concern, genetic concern, dependence on regulators, locus of health risk control (internal, powerful others, chance), risk acceptability and technological enthusiasm. The results indicated considerable concern over the state of the environment in general, however, less concern existed for the environment nearest to the individual. A high degree of concern was expressed over stress in the workplace, and poverty was perceived to represent an important health risk for Canadians. A strong sense of the importance of personal lifestyle factors and personal control over one's health was also observed as were notable increases in trust and dependence on the ability of government and experts to make decisions and regulate health risks in Canada as compared to the previous survey. Belief statements reflecting environmental and social concern correlated with the level of risk perceived for a variety of health hazards and outcomes.     

Colour perception in telemedicine

A doctor's experience of examining patients is for the most part in artificial light, which is known to affect colour perception. However, the phenomenon of colour constancy (the perceived stability of the colour of objects, despite changes in the illuminating light) allows the eye and brain to compensate, to some extent. Colours like red, yellow, green and blue, which are processed by basic colour-opponent mechanisms, show better colour constancy than intermediate colours. These are the very colours that are involved in skin tones. A skin rash can therefore be viewed sometimes acceptably with lower-quality telemedical systems. Colour is undoubtedly important in telemedicine, but while a great deal is known about the fundamentals of colour perception from laboratory experiments, little is known about the effects of colour on the outcome of the telemedical process. The field of colour perception therefore represents a fertile area for telemedical research.     

Stress perception and commuting

This paper analyzes the determinants of the perceived stress level of workers with a special focus on the effects of commuting, while controlling for personal and work-related characteristics. Using ordered logistic regression we find that several dimensions of the commuting situation, such as impedance, control and predictability of commuting, significantly influence the perceived stress level. Therefore, stress and stress-related health problems should be taken into consideration when analyzing the economic costs of commuting.     

Risk perception and speeding

This paper discusses risk perception comparing drivers with and without fines for speeding. The research aimed to show the interaction between speeding laws and speeding behavior. Speeders' explanations for their behavior revealed important factors in the determination of risk perception: control (driver-centered), risk minimization (drivers claimed there was no risk involved in the way they speeded), self-confidence (they considered themselves good drivers and believed they were able to define what constitutes speeding), and lack of credibility in the institutions that manage traffic risks. Speeders display a cognitive construct of personal invulnerability combined with unrealistic optimism and overrated self-perception, along with an exaggerated perception of their control over the traffic setting, centered on their self-purported driving skills. No difference was found in risk perception between drivers in the two groups. There was no relationship between objective and perceived risks, since drivers from the two groups showed a generic perception of objective risks, but out-of-context in relation to the inherent potential for accidents at different speeds.     

Teaching and learning clinical perception

A central task in clinical teaching is organization of the students' experience in clinical perception — the ability to observe, to recognize, to discriminate and to interpret clinical evidence. We cannot teach sensory perceptual experience. Students must experience the clinical phenomena for themselves. But we can ensure that what the student experiences is most likely to be turned into clinical learning. This paper dissects the learning task in order to derive plans for teaching clinical perception. A major purpose is to encourage closer study of physical examination, which has largely been upstaged by investigations.
Students learn inductively from their experiences of examining patients, cumulating a 'clinical memory' of images of patients with diseases. Reflection on that experience with the clinical teacher translates the sensory evidence into words. Teachers link the clinical observations of 'disease in patients' with previously learned images of 'diseases in organs', to ensure that clinical features and underlying basic science knowledge are clearly integrated.
Perception is an active process, not a passive reception of observational data. Learning and teaching clinical perception uses both the student's direct 'sense' experiences and the teacher's guidance in 'making sense' of them.     

Consumer perception of food-related issues

The perception of risk in food-related issues is strongly influenced by the outrage associated with the severity of the hazard in question, and the perception of benefit is strongly influenced by the euphoria associated with the gain. To understand the perception of risk and benefit, it is just as important to understand the components of outrage and euphoria, as it is to be able to assess the hazard and gain accurately.     

Pain perception of the fetus

Author presents a comprehensive overview of the currently available information about fetal pain perception. In this context the article discusses the concept of pain sensation, its evolution during intrauterine life and its physical and biochemical signs. Only the last mentioned phenomena allow deduction with regard to the severity of pain related stress reaction, in the absence of objective yardstick for measuring the intensity of pain felt by the fetus. The discussion also involves pain associated with birthing process and extends to its possible alleviation.