左旋四氢巴马汀对大鼠离体子宫收缩反应的影响

目的:研究左旋四氢巴马汀(l-THP)对大鼠离体子宫收缩反应的影响.方法:采用离体子宫平滑肌实验法.结果:l-THP对高钾去极化后Ca2 引起的子宫收缩有显著松弛作用,并能使CaCl2的量效曲线右移,最大反应降低.l-THP(50～300μmol/L)剂量依赖性拮抗缩宫素(1.5u/L)所致的子宫收缩;在无Ca2 高钾液中,l-THP 100μmol/L能抑制缩宫素依赖细胞内Ca2 的收缩;而l-THP 300μmol/L对缩宫素依赖细胞外Ca2 的收缩亦有抑制作用.结论:l-THP对大鼠子宫平滑肌的收缩反应具有明显拮抗作用.     

Differential antagonistic effect of hydroalcoholic extract from Hymenaea martiana hayne arzeik on kinin and other agonist-induced contractions of the isolated rat uterus and Guinea-pig ileum

This study was undertaken to evaluate the action of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE) from the bark of Hymenaea martiana on bradykinin (BK), lysyl-bradykinin (L-BK), acetylcholine (ACh), angiotensin II (AII), prostaglandin F_2a (PGF_2a), serotonin (5-HT), oxytocin (Ot) and histamine (His)-induced contractions of the isolated rat uterine muscle and guinea-pig ileum. The HE (50–200 μg/mL) added to the bath for 20 min caused a concentration-dependent rightward displacement of BK, L-BK and ACh-induced contractions in the rat uterus, allied to a discrete but significant reduction of maximal responses to the latter two agonists. By contrast, at the same range of concentrations the HE antagonized in a concentration-dependent but noncompetitive manner the contractions induced by AII, but only at high concentrations (200 μg/mL) it significantly inhibited contractions evoked by both PGF_2a and Ot, while contractile responses induced by 5-HT were not affected. In the guinea-pig ileum, the HE of H. martiana (50 and 100 μg/ml) caused a discrete rightward displacement of the BK and ACh concentration—response curves. Higher concentrations of the HE of H. martiana (200 μg/mL) caused a marked depression of BK and ACh-induced maximal responses. These findings show that the active principle(s) presents in the HE from the bark of H. martiana exhibits an interesting pharmacological profile against several neurotransmitter-induced contractions in nonvascular smooth muscles. Such actions may be relevant for supporting, at least in part, the use of this plant in folk medicine.     

Pharmacological effects of Agapanthus africanus on the isolated rat uterus.

The Agapanthus africanus plant is used by South African traditional healers as a phytomedicine in herbal remedies to treat pregnancy-related ailments and to augment labour. It has already been shown that an aqueous extract of A. africanus causes smooth muscle contractions in the isolated uterus and ileum preparations. In the present study, the effects of an aqueous extract of A. africanus leaves was examined on receptor systems involved in contraction of the uterine smooth muscle in order to determine the mechanism of its pharmacological effect relevant to its ethnic use to augment labour. The extract was tested on the isolated rat uterus preparation. The aqueous extract of A. africanus leaves was found to exhibit agonist activity on uterine muscarinic receptors and to promote the synthesis of prostaglandins in the oestrogenized rat uterus. Some pharmacological justification for the ethnic use of A. africanus as a herbal oxytocic in prolonged labour has been provided.     

Effects of Olea europaea L. extract on the rat isolated ileum and trachea

The effects of an Olea europaea L. dried leaf extract containing 3.2% of oleuropein were investigated on the rat isolated ileum and trachea. On basal tone rat isolated ileum, Olea europaea L. extract was shown to produce a dual effect characterized by a contraction at low doses (10^?7-10^?4g/mL) and a relaxation at high doses (3.10^?4-10^?3g/mL). The extract induced contractile effect was found to involve at least histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and thromboxane A₂. On precontracted rat isolated ileum, the extract only induced a relaxation that was not modified by nifedipine, diltiazem, dipyridamone, verapamil or papaverine (10^?6 M). The effects of the extract were also studied on the rat isolated trachea. On basal tone organs, Olea europaea L. extract did not produce any effect, whereas, when basal tone was raised by acetylcholine (ACh 10^?3 M), the drug caused a relaxation (maximal effect 39.01% ± 5.40%) of the response to theophylline; (3.10 ± 10^?3M n = 15). It is suggested that the induced relaxation is consecutive to an increase of intracellular 3′5′ cAMP.     

地龙的化学成分及药理作用

近年研究表明中药地龙的化学成分有蚓激酶、蛋白质、氨基酸、次黄嘌呤等;其药理作用为抗血栓、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降压平喘、杀精等;具有溶血栓和抗凝血、降压平喘、抗惊厥、镇静解热、抗癌、增强免疫功能等作用。并且临床应用广泛,用于高热神昏、癫痫、皮肤病、肺热喘咳、烧伤烫伤、支气管哮喘、高血压等症,毒副作用小。根据地龙的多种优点和巨大价值,中药地龙的研究有很大的发展前景。     

胃肠舒的药理作用研究

目的:探讨胃肠舒(黄连、吴茱萸等)在调节胃肠功能、保护胃黏膜、止痛、止泻方面的药理作用.方法:观察本品对正常及新斯的明所致小鼠小肠运动亢进和胃排空影响;对无水乙醇诱发大鼠胃溃疡的影响;对大鼠胃液分泌的影响;对蓖麻油所致腹泻的影响;对醋酸诱发疼痛的影响;对大鼠小肠吸收功能的影响.结果:胃肠舒对正常小鼠肠推进无明显影响,对机能亢进小鼠小肠推进有抑制作用;本品可抑制胃排空;抑制胃液分泌;降低胃液酸度和胃蛋白酶活性;对无水乙醇诱发的胃黏膜损伤有明显的保护作用;减少扭体次数,使小鼠累计稀便次数减少,小肠吸收减弱.结论:本品具有使机能紊乱的胃肠功能恢复正常、减轻胃黏膜损伤及止痛止泻的作用.     

山楂的药理作用研究

目的:对山楂的药理作用研究概况进行综述。方法:全面检索和查阅有关山楂的文献资料,进行分析、归纳和综述。结果:山楂属于药食同源的传统中药材,常用于治疗肉食积滞、胃脘胀满等消化系统疾病。现代研究表明,山楂还具有保护心脏、大脑和肝脏、降血脂、抗脂质过氧化、抗肿瘤、增强免疫功能等作用。结论:可将山楂作为药品开发且具有广阔的前景。     

Smooth muscle relaxant activities of compounds isolated from malaysian medicinal plants on rat aorta and guinea-pig ileum

Muscle relaxant activities of six compounds isolated from Malaysian medicinal plants were investigated on the smooth muscles of the rat aorta and longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum. Except for goniothalamin, the other five compounds exhibited varying degrees of muscle relaxant activities on the two smooth muscles. Dicentrine, isocorydine, altholactone and usnic acid reduced the contractions to KCI and phenylephrine in the rat aorta, whilst atranorin slightly reduced the contractions to phenylephrine but not KCI. In addition, dicentrine and isocorydine markedly reduced the contractile response to phenylephrine in Ca²⁺-free Krebs solution. In the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum, altholactone, atranorin, dicentrine and isocorydine inhibited to a greater extent the phasic than the tonic responses to KCI. All four compounds similarly inhibited the contractions induced by ACh. The results suggest that the relaxant activities of the compounds are attributed mainly to inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx via the calcium channels in the membrane of the smooth muscles. Furthermore, the greater sensitivity of dicentrine, isocorydine and altholactone against phenylephrine-induced contractions or KCI-induced phasic contractions are due to their abilities to inhibit intracellular Ca²⁺ release in these muscles.     

有毒动物药的现代药理作用研究概况

从镇痛作用、抗肿瘤作用、抗炎作用等多方面对有毒动物药的药理作用进行了较为全面的综合论述,进而阐述有毒动物药在药理方面的研究态势,为开发、利用有毒动物药以及研制新型药物提供理论基础.     

口溃宁胶囊在动物体内的药理作用

 目的：观察口溃宁胶囊的抗炎作用及提高机体免疫力的作用。方法：以二甲苯所制的炎症试验，以贞芪扶正冲剂为阳性对照的免疫试验。结果：口溃宁胶囊高剂量对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀均有明显抑制作用及对小鼠体液免疫有明显促进作用。结论：口溃宁胶囊具有抗炎及提高机体免疫力的作用。     

橙皮苷药理作用及机制的研究进展

橙皮苷广泛存在于柑橘属、芸香科、茜草科、唇形科、十字花科植物果实或根茎中,是一种二氢黄酮类化合物,也是中药陈皮、枳实、枳壳、款冬花等的主要药效成分,属于维生素P类药,可增强毛细血管的韧性、缩短出血时间,临床多用于心血管系统疾病的辅助治疗,在食品工业中可用作天然抗氧化剂,也可用于化妆品行业。现代药理研究表明橙皮苷具有抗炎、抗氧化、保护心血管系统、抗糖尿病并发症、抗菌、抗肿瘤、提升免疫力、保护神经系统等多种生物学活性,因此,通过对橙皮苷的药理作用及机制进行归纳总结,以期为其临床应用及药物开发提供依据。     

近5年鹿类中药材药理作用研究进展

鹿类中药材为我国传统滋补类中药,主要包括鹿茸、鹿角、鹿血、鹿角盘、复方,具有广泛的药理作用。鹿茸对心肌损伤有保护作用,能修复骨缺损,促进伤口愈合,提高机体免疫功能,促进脂肪分解,延缓衰老,改善学习记忆。鹿血在心悸、骨质疏松、抗衰老等方面效果良好。鹿角盘表现在对乳腺增生,免疫增强,骨质疏松,补血等方面。复方对骨头缺血性坏死等方面有治疗作用。通过对鹿类中药材药理作用进行详细综述,为其研究奠定基础,并为其开发和利用提供科学依据。     

蜂胶的化学成分及药理作用

蜂胶(propolis)是工蜂采集植物树脂等分泌物后与自身上颚腺、蜡腺等分泌物混合而成的一种固体胶状物质。为我国传统中药,收载于药典,具有补虚弱,化浊脂,止消渴作用。其含有多种化学成分,其中以黄酮类、酚酸类及萜烯类化合物为主,此外还包含醇、醛类等,以及氨基酸、维生素、多糖等多种微量元素等。并且具有广泛的生物学活性和药理学活性,如抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗肿瘤、保肝、增强免疫等。本文将对其化学成分及药理活性进行整理归纳。     

麸煨肉豆蔻不同提取物对大鼠离体肠平滑肌的影响

目的研究麸煨肉豆蔻不同提取物对大鼠离体肠管自发活动的影响。方法采用RM6240B多道生理信号采集处理系统及大鼠离体十二指肠平滑肌进行实验,观察麸煨肉豆蔻不同提取物对离体肠运动功能的影响。结果麸煨肉豆蔻挥发油、醇提物、醇提物的石油醚提取物及乙酸乙酯提取物对离体大鼠十二指肠自主运动有抑制作用,抑制率分别为51.2%、29.2%、47.8%和59.2%(P<0.01);水提物、正丁醇提取物及醇提取物萃取后的水层无抑制作用。结论麸煨肉豆蔻的挥发油、醇提物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯提取物可能为麸煨肉豆蔻止泻的有效部位。     

小檗碱药理作用及其相关作用机制研究进展

小檗碱是许多中药的一种常见活性物质,数千年来被广泛应用于消化系统相关疾病。现代药理研究表明小檗碱在预防和保护代谢性疾病及主要脏器损伤等方面也具有显著的药理活性。因此,在前期文献研究的基础上,整理和总结了近年小檗碱在脏器损伤如神经损伤、肝脏损伤、肾脏损伤、生殖系统损伤、胃肠道损伤、心血管疾病以及代谢性疾病如阿尔茨海默症、糖尿病及相关并发症、炎症等疾病的保护作用及其相关机制,并针对亟需解决的的问题提出了建议,以期为小檗碱的临床安全使用和新药研发提供参考。     

蝎毒的药理作用和临床应用研究进展

蝎毒中的神经毒素是一类具有特异生物活性的多肽物质。笔者综述了近几年来蝎毒的药理作用和临床应用的研究概况,表明其具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、镇痛、抗癫痫、纤溶、抑制心率等药理作用,临床上对肿瘤、疼痛、炎症、癫痫等疑难顽症均有独特疗效,为今后蝎毒在各医学领域的合理应用提供前瞻性依据。     

冰片化学成分及药理作用研究

冰片是我国名贵中药,中医认为其具有提神醒脑,芳香开窍等作用。冰片主要分为天然冰片和合成冰片,天然冰片的主要成分为右旋龙脑,合成冰片的主要化学成分除龙脑以外,还含有大量的异龙脑等。现代药理学研究表明,冰片具有抗细菌、真菌,消炎镇痛等药理作用;冰片在心脑血管疾病的防治上具有积极作用。冰片作为常用的佐使药物,在与其他药物配伍时,能提高其他药物的生物利用度。     

中药水蛭的活性成分及药理作用研究概况

从抗凝作用、抗血栓形成作用以及对心脑血管系统作用等方面对中药水蛭的药理作用进行了综述,并阐述其药理研究进展,为指导临床用药提供理论依据。     

中药黄芪的药理作用及临床应用分析

目的：试论中药黄芪的药理作用及临床应用分析。方法：选取我院2012年1月-2013年12月在我院接受治疗的50例患者,选取患者的黄芪临床资料进行分析对比,观察所有患者的临床治疗效果。结果：对于肿瘤患者、病毒性心肌炎患者、心力衰竭患者使用中药黄芪进行治疗,临床治疗效果显著。结论：中药黄芪的临床治疗效果极其的显著,具有临床价值意义,可以大力推广。     

豨莶草化学成分与药理活性的研究进展

介绍了近年来豨莶草、腺梗豨莶草、毛梗豨莶草中提取到的化学成分以及药理作用,指出了3种豨莶草广泛的应用价值。