中国四川西部蝇科3新种(双翅目:蝇科)

本文报道采自中国四川蝇科中的妙蝇属MyospilaRondani,1856及阳蝇属HelinaR .-D .,1830 3新种 :长征妙蝇Myospilachangzhengasp .nov .、蜀阳蝇Helinashuensissp .nov .、扁头阳蝇Helinaplatycephalasp .nov .。模式标本存军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。     

不同诱蝇材料在捕蝇笼中诱蝇效果观察

目的　在现场不同环境下比较 6种诱蝇材料的诱蝇效果 ,找出捕蝇笼捕蝇效果最佳的诱蝇材料 ,为捕蝇笼灭蝇方法提供依据。方法　将 6种诱蝇材料组成的捕蝇笼成组放置在饭店、公园、农贸市场 ,观察 72h和 168h笼诱法的诱蝇数量和蝇种。结果　在 3种环境下 ,不仅 6种诱蝇材料 72h、168h诱捕的蝇数有很大的差别 (H =10 .80 ,χ2 ≤ 0 .0 1;H =10 .80 ,χ2 ≤ 0 .0 1) ,而且各诱蝇材料诱捕的蝇类种群构成亦有所不同 ;以腐鱼肚肠及豆渣 ( 3∶2 )诱蝇数量最多 ,其次为腐鱼肚肠及豆渣 ( 3∶2 )加 0 .1%灭幼脲 ;在同一环境 ,各诱蝇材料间差别亦很大。结论　在 6种诱蝇材料中 ,以腐鱼肚肠及豆渣 ( 3∶2 )和腐鱼肚肠及豆渣 ( 3∶2 )加 0 .1%灭幼脲两种物质可以用作捕蝇笼的饵料     

立式诱蝇笼与悬挂式诱蝇笼的效果比较

目的 比较研究立式诱蝇笼和悬挂式诱蝇笼对蝇类的现场诱捕效果。方法 蝇类密度比较采用配对样本Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,构成比比较采用χ²检验和Fisher确切检验法。结果 2种诱蝇笼共捕获蝇类405只和非蝇类24只,其中立式诱蝇笼捕获昆虫中蝇类构成比(97.12%)大于悬挂式诱蝇笼(91.86%),二者之间的差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.614,P=0.018)。立式诱蝇笼和悬挂式诱蝇笼捕获蝇类中蝇种构成比不同,差异有统计学意义(χ²=14.90,P=0.005)。立式诱蝇笼和悬挂式诱蝇笼监测成蝇密度均为12.5只/笼,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.922,P=0.357)。结论 立式诱蝇笼和悬挂式诱蝇笼均可用于蝇类监测与防治,应用者可根据实际情况,合理选择诱蝇笼款式。     

中国溜蝇属白点溜蝇种团的分类学研究(双翅目:蝇科)

首次对中国溜蝇属白点溜蝇种团进行分类学研究 ,提出该种团的种团特征 ;证实了中华溜蝇 (Lispesinica)确为独立物种 ,对白点溜蝇 (Lispeleucospila)与中华溜蝇进行了再描述 ,并记述了两种的主要 区别。     

中国四川有瓣蝇类3新种(双翅目:花蝇科,蝇科)

本文报道中国四川有瓣蝇类 3新种 :多毛缘花蝇CraspedochoetahirsuticorpaFengetFan ,sp .nov .(花蝇科 )、羽胫点蝇AzeliaplumitibiaFeng ,Fan .etZeng ,sp .nov .(蝇科 )、回归池蝇LimnophorareventaFeng ,sp .nov .(蝇科 )。后者系纪念澳门于 1999年 12月 2 0日回归祖国而命名。上述多毛缘花蝇和羽胫点蝇的正模标本存中国科学院上海昆虫研究所 ,其它模式标本存军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。     

上海地区溜蝇属种类检索表

2000-2002年我们在上海浦东国际机：场对蝇类进行本底调查时，用手网共采集到溜蝇122只，经鉴定有肖溜蝇(Lispe assimilis)、双条溜蝇(Lispe bivittata)、吸溜蝇(Lispe consanguinea)、毛胫溜蝇(Lispe hirsutipes)、单毛溜蝇(Lispe monochaita)、东方溜蝇(Lispe orientalis)、瘦须溜蝇(Lispe pygmaea)、四方斑溜蝇(Lispe tetrastigma)共8种。据以往文献，上海地区仅记录3种，即白点溜蝇(Lispe leucospila)、东方溜蝇、瘦须溜蝇，上述其中6种均为上海首次发现，四方斑溜蝇国内仅在台湾曾有发现，其两性尾器图均为首次记载。     

中国四川省棘蝇属二新种(双翅目:蝇科)

报告采自中国四川省西部棘蝇属(Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy,1830)二新种:铗棘蝇(Phaonia labidosternita sp.nov.)和西华棘蝇(Phaonia xihuaensis sp.nov.).模式标本存于中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所.     

秽蝇族分类研究概况及我国秽蝇族研究现状

秽蝇族(Coenosiini)是双翅目(Diptera)秽蝇亚科(Coenosiinae)中较大且较为特化的类群,其绝大部分种类的幼虫水生,成虫均为捕食性,与人类的生产、生活密切相关,具有一定的生物防治意义。有些种类的幼虫或成虫还是环境及水质监测的重要指示生物。笔者主要综述了世界秽蝇亚科及秽蝇族分类研究概况、系统发育的研究、生物学意义及我国秽蝇族的研究历史和现状。     

中国厕蝇属分类研究初报(双翅目:厕蝇科)

厕蝇属 (Fannia)隶属于双翅目 (Diptera)环裂亚目 (Cyclorrhapha)有瓣类 (Calyptratae)蝇总科 (Muscoidea)厕蝇科 (Fanniidae) ,是厕蝇科 4属中最大的一属。文中报告了近年来作者对我国厕蝇属的分类研究结果。通过调查研究及总结 ,发现我国该属共 84种 ,包括 2新种和 1新记录种 (另文发表 )。并报告了中国产该属 84种名录和分布。     

中国四川阳蝇属二新种(双翅目:蝇科)

记述采自中国四川西部蝇科阳蝇属 (HelinaRobineau Desvoidy ,183 0 )二新种 :华丽阳蝇Helinacallia ,sp .nov .及叉叶阳蝇Helinadicrocercacma ,sp .nov .。模式标本存于中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.