Clinical significance of 99mTc-MIBI breast imaging in the diagnosis of early breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: To find an effective, sensitive, specific and noninvasive diagnostic method for cancer. METHODS: 109 masses from 102 patients with breast lesions smaller than 2 cm in diameter were divided into three groups to undergo 99mtechnetium-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) imaging. The results were compared with their pathology. Twenty cases without breast lesions were selected as a control group. Abnormal density of 99mTc-MIBI in the breast and a threshold level 10% higher than that in the counterpart of the healthy breast was regarded as positive. RESULTS: Of 32 breast cancers, positive imaging appeared in 25. Negative imaging was found in 31 of 38 benign breast lesions. Of 39 nonpalpable breast lesions, five cases were breast cancers and 34 cases benign. Positive MIBI imaging appeared in all of the breast cancers, while in the benign lesions, four were positive and 30 negative. No positive imaging was found in the control group. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 99mTc-MIBI were 88.4%, 89.2%, 88.0%, 75.0% and 95.3%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: 99mTc-MIBI imaging had high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of breast cancer, as well as in the differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions. It could provide reliable information in confirming the diagnosis in patients with clinically suspected breast cancer.     

难以扪及肿块的早期乳腺癌98例临床分析

目的：探讨难以扪及的早期乳腺癌的诊断与治疗。方法：对1992年2月～2005年10月收治的乳腺癌病例中，计有T0期98例，根据易感因素，结合彩超、钼靶、乳管造影、局部切除活检等法，进行诊断和治疗分析。结果：全组接受手术治疗并经病理组织学确定为Tis-TlbN0M0。的乳腺癌，多数为非浸润性或早期浸润性癌（84．6％）。全组的疗效佳，预后好。结论：重视T0期乳腺癌的临床某些细微变化及高危因素，不轻易放过常规检查中的每一可疑征象．是提高早期乳腺癌发现率的有效措施。     

Breast size and prognosis in early breast cancer.

The influence of breast size on the prognosis of 196 patients with early breast cancer diagnosed in the period 1984-1985 was studied. Breast size was based on the volume from mammography. This method was validated against the volume of the mastectomy specimen determined by water displacement in 18 patients and found to be accurate (r = 0.93, P < 0.01). The median breast volume was 833.5 cm3 (interquartile range 522.8-1153.3 cm3). Breast size was significantly associated independently with age (Spearman's rank r = 0.24. P = 0.001), menstrual status (z = -4.81, P < 0.001), body weight (Spearman's rank r = 0.61, P < 0.001), T stage (z = -1.91, P = 0.05) but not N stage (z = -1.64, P = 0.10) or hormone receptor status (z = -0.80, P = 0.42). In an analysis of breast size and other known prognostic factors, based upon Cox's proportional hazards regression, N stage was the only significant factor for both breast cancer survival and disease-free survival. Even though women with larger tumours at presentation had larger breasts, breast size was not a significant prognostic factor in early breast cancer.     

Patient satisfaction with decision-making for breast cancer therapy

Background: Many sources have suggested that mastectomy is inappropriately performed too frequently for breast cancer, leading to excessive patient dissatisfaction and unnecessary multilation. Hurried decision-making based on inadequate information has been proposed as an explanation. Methods: After confirming the diagnosis of breast cancer, patients were informed of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options according to a standard protocol. The protocol was similar to that used by many surgeons in similar circumstances. Six months after completion of either mastectomy or breast conservation therapy, patients were surveyed about their satisfaction with the decision-making process and choice of treatment. Results: The majority of patients, whether they had undergone mastectomy or breast conservation, thought they had been adequately informed of treatment options and that they had made the appropriate choice of therapy. A significant percentage of mastectomy patients found that procedure more disfiguring than anticipated, but still thought they had made the appropriate choice of therapy. Despite having been informed to the contrary, most patients said their chosen treatment provided the best chance for cure. Conclusions: When informed of the diagnosis and treatment options in an unhurried, supportive setting, and when encouraged to seek further consultations as desired, breast cancer patients make appropriate therapeutic choices about mastectomy or breast conservation therapy.     

前哨淋巴结活检术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的疗效分析

目的对比早期乳腺癌行前哨淋巴结活检术(SLNB)与行SLNB加腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND)后的并发症及远期预后。方法回顾性分析2012年10月至2013年10月50例早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结阴性患者,并将其分为腋窝淋巴结保留组与腋窝淋巴结清扫组,每组25例。保留组行SLNB治疗,清扫组在保留组的治疗基础上加行ALND。采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析,年龄、平均住院时间计量资料用(x珋±s)表示,采用t检验;病理特征、并发症、生存率两组比较采用χ2检验。P0.05时差异有统计学意义。结果 50例患者共检出前哨淋巴结(SLN)87个,平均每例检出1.74个。保留组共检出SLN 42枚,平均检出1.68枚,清扫组共检出SLN 45枚,平均检出1.8枚(χ2=0.180,P0.05)。出现并发症的例数:保留组为4例(16.0%),清扫组为15例(60.0%);平均住院时间:保留组为(6.0±1.1)d,清扫组为(8.3±1.7)d。保留组的术后住院时间及并发症均明显少于清扫组,且两组比较均有统计学意义(t=5.679,χ2=10.272,P0.05)。50例患者随访2~3年,随访率100%。截至2015年6月,两组患者术后两年生存率均为100%,无瘤生存率均为100%。结论 SLNB经济实用、安全可靠、推广方便,能够较准确地预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的分期状态,可以减少不必要的腋窝淋巴结清扫及其术后并发症的发生。     

乳腺癌患者乳房重建决策指导的最佳证据总结

目的 总结乳腺癌患者乳房重建决策指导的相关证据,为开展乳腺癌相关乳房重建决策指导提供参考。方法 检索国内外相关数据库、指南网站及乳腺癌专业学会网站中关于乳腺癌患者乳房重建决策指导的临床决策、指南、证据总结、系统评价和专家共识,检索时限为建库至2023年4月,对纳入的文献进行质量评价以及证据提取、评价和汇总。结果 共纳入17篇文献,包括4篇临床决策、4篇指南、1篇证据总结、4篇系统评价、4篇专家共识。在决策指导团队、乳房重建决策评估、决策指导内容、实施决策指导4个方面形成27条最佳证据。结论 总结的乳腺癌患者乳房重建决策指导的最佳证据可为临床护理人员提供循证依据。证据使用者需要结合具体临床情境,针对性地选择证据,以实现患者决策利益最大化。     

Adjuvant systemic therapy in "early" breast cancer.

"Early" breast cancer is a systemic disease in the majority of cases. Progress has been and is being made toward the determination of those women at risk of recurrence. Attractive as it seems, the value of systemic adjuvant therapy, given at the time of minimal tumour load i.e., after mastectomy, is not proven. Therefore, for the average case it is better to treat the cancer locally and to observe and leave further evaluation of systemic therapy to those centres which are able to conduct controlled, randomized trails.     

Clinical management of metastatic breast cancer.

The physician treating the patient with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer has a number of available therapeutic options. Various clinical and laboratory factors play a role in the decision process for the choice of the initial and subsequent treatments for such patients. The strategies for palliative therapy are reviewed along with estimates of potential benefits of the various modalities.     

单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床疗效

目的探讨单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的肿瘤安全性,美容效果和上肢功能中的疗效和作用。方法回顾性选取2014年1月—2019年8月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术的Ⅰ期及Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者80例,对肿瘤安全性,美容效果评分.上肢功能等进行评估。结果80例患者均成功完成单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术,无严重并发症发生。术后随访16~82个月,中位随访时间为42个月。其中2例局部复发,无远处转移。4例(5%)出现1~3级乳头乳晕缺血。无一例皮下积液发生。通过Breast-Q量表进行评分,证实乳房满意度.胸璧状态满意度.社会心理状态满意度和性健康程度均获得较高评分。上肢功能评分证实术后保留了较好的上肢功能。切口长度(3.6±0.8)cm。出血量(24.7±19.3)ml。结论︰单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术可以在保证肿瘤安全性的前提下获得较高的美容效果评分及较好的上肢功能恢复,可以作为早期乳腺癌患者手术方式的又一选择。     

Antibody-drug conjugates targeting Trop-2: Clinical developments in early breast cancer therapy

Although breast cancer has a good prognosis compared with various cancers, metastatic breast cancer has an aggressive disease course and remains incurable. Therefore, treatment of early breast cancer to prevent recurrence and metastasis is crucial. Recently, the development of anti-cancer drugs, such as targeted agents and immuno-oncology, has been accelerating. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are also building a new paradigm. Particularly, ADCs targeting Trop-2 were approved for their efficacy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients who received ≥2 prior systemic therapies and showed significant results in heavily pretreated hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. In this brief review, we provide an overview of ongoing clinical trials of ADCs targeting Trop-2 in early breast cancer, specifically sacituzumab govitecan.     

保留乳头的乳腺癌切除术在早期乳腺癌患者中临床效果研究

目的对比分析保留乳头的乳腺癌切除术(NSM)及传统乳腺癌根治术(CM)在早期乳腺癌患者中临床效果及近远期疗效。方法纳入2012年1月至2014年3月收治的76例早期乳腺癌患者资料进行回顾性分析,根据术式不同分为NSM组(n=42)和CM组(n=34)。采用统计软件SPSS 20.0进行分析,年龄、肿瘤大小等采用均数±标准差表示,独立t检验;术后并发症、美学评估等计数资料采用卡方检验。采用Kaplan-Meier进行生存分析,利用log-rank检验,评估5年预后生存情况。P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果NSM组38例接受Ⅰ期乳房重建,4例接受Ⅱ期乳房重建;CM组仅3例接受Ⅱ期乳房重建。NSM组术后发生组织缺血坏死率大于CM组(P<0.05),但两组术后并发症总发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月NSM组乳房重建美观度优良率90.5%高于CM组79.4%(P<0.05);术后5年两组局部复发率(7.1%vs.5.9%)、无病生存率(83.3%vs.82.4%),总生存率(90.5%vs.91.2%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论较CM术相比,NSM在早期乳腺癌的治疗中同样具有安全性,且术中保留乳头乳晕复合体并不会增加其术后局部复发的风险,两组5年预后差异无统计学意义。     

早期乳腺癌保乳治疗32例疗效分析

目的探讨Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗的疗效及相关技术,为普及早期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2003年2月～2010年12月32例行保乳手术治疗乳腺癌患者的相关资料,对肿瘤采取局部扩大切除并进行腋窝淋巴结清扫,术后辅以放疗、化疗或内分泌治疗。结果所有患者随访12～82个月,无局部复发及远处转移,乳房美容评定标准进行评价,符合优良标准31例（96.9%）,符合差标准1例（3.1%）。结论早期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗创伤小、疗效确切、形体改变少、能提高生存质量,值得进一步临床开展及推广。     

Clinical considerations of hormonal receptors in breast cancer.

Focus is on the current concepts of hormone receptors in breast cancer and their significance to the practicing physician. Hormone receptor assays have proven to be valuable to physicians treating patients with breast cancer. About 2/3 of patients with estrogen receptor (ER+) tumors experience palliation of their symptoms after some type of hormonal manipulation. At this time it is believed that estrogen exerts the most powerful effect on the cancer. There are several methods of testing for estrogen receptors. The 1st method involves injection of tritiated hexesterol prior to surgery and subsequent checking for radioactive estrogens in the mammary tissue. More recently, methods are used in which the receptors can be quantified. 1 method uses a sucrose density gradient. Another and less expensive method is the Dextran-coated charcoal test (DCC). Estrogen receptors have been found in 73% of primary and 58% of metastatic breast cancers using the DCC test. The treatment of choice is always dependent on the patient involved. If the lesion is ER+, some type of hormone manipulation may be considered, which type depending on the menopausal status of the women.     

保留乳头乳晕的单孔法腔镜皮下乳腺切除术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床疗效

目的:总结保留乳头乳晕的单孔腔镜皮下乳腺切除术治疗早期乳腺癌的美容效果、手术安全性及临床疗效。方法:纳入2017年2月至2017年9月治疗的12例早期乳腺癌患者,评估单孔腔镜皮下乳腺切除术术后3个月的美容效果评分,总结手术出血量、手术时间、引流量及手术并发症等。结果:手术切口2.5~5.0 cm,平均(3.8±0.8)cm。术后3个月美容效果评分9~12分,平均(11.0±1.0)分:其中非常满意5例(41.7%),比较满意7例(58.3%)。术后无乳头乳晕坏死、皮瓣坏死、血肿、感染、积液、假体植入失败等并发症发生。结论:保留乳头乳晕的单孔腔镜皮下乳腺切除术并发症发生率较低,手术切口短,且小切口隐藏在上臂能遮挡的部位,术后美容效果好;手术时间、出血量、引流时间均在可接受范围。