浅述太极拳运动对老年人身心健康的影响

随着当今医学科学的进步使现代人的平均寿命逐渐延长,由此导致的人口老龄化已成为当今世界各国普遍面临的重大社会问题。中国也不例外,当今中国已经进入了老龄化社会。自然老年人的身心健康问题也随之成为了一个社会问题被重视起来。太板拳是我国独具民族特色的武术瑰宝,太极拳有益于老年人身心健康是有理论基础的,太极拳动作缓慢平稳,没有体力与精神上的高度肾张,很符合老年人生理心理特点。太极拳运动对老年人身体健康方面的影响是多方面,如心肺功能的改善,增强老年人膝伸肌的肌肉力量和耐力,调理老人心态都是有益的,同时练太极拳对人体的保健与康复也是有效的。     

Relative exercise intensity of Tai Chi Chuan is similar in different ages and gender

This study aims to determine the relative exercise intensity of classical Yang Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) in different ages and gender. One hundred TCC practitioners (54 men and 46 women) aged 25 to 80 years participated in this investigation. Men and women were separated into three groups: young (25-44 y/o), middle-aged (45-64 y/o) and elderly (65-80 y/o). Heart rate (HR) responses during TCC practice were measured by using electrocardiographic telemetry. An exercise test with breath-by-breath measurements of cardiorespiratory function was also performed for each subject during the incremental exercise of leg cycling. Measurements obtained during the TCC practice and exercise testing were compared to determine the exercise intensity of TCC. While performing TCC, the mean HR of men was 141 +/- 12 bpm, 132 +/- 9 bpm and 120 +/- 10 bpm in the young, middle-aged and elderly groups, respectively. Men practiced TCC with mean HR corresponding to 57.8 +/- 3.7%, 56.6 +/- 3.4% and 55.1 +/- 3.1% of heart rate reserve (HRR) in the three groups. Meanwhile, the mean HR of women was 136 +/- 10 bpm, 126 +/- 11 bpm and 115 +/- 12 bpm in the young, middle-aged and elderly groups, respectively. Women practiced TCC with mean HR corresponding to 52.7 +/- 2.8%, 51.5 +/- 2.6% and 50.3 +/- 2.9% of HRR in the three age groups. The results demonstrate that classical Yang TCC is an exercise with moderate intensity, and its exercise intensity is similar across different ages in each gender. In conclusion, TCC is an aerobic exercise and suitable for participants of different ages and gender to improve their functional capacity.     

体育运动与中医养生

系统阐述了体育运动、中医养生的定义、内容、特点,分析了体育运动与中医养生的关系,认为体育运动应当坚持增强体质、增进健康为主旨,反对将竞技体育项目作为强身健体的锻炼方法,而以武术和导引为主要内容的中国传统养生体育重修养,轻竞争,是体育运动与养生相结合的最佳典范,应当加以推广。     

八段锦对老年人身心健康影响的研究进展

本文通过对近年来有关八段锦的文献进行检索分析,系统阐释了八段锦对老年人生理及心理功能的影响。分析结果显示,坚持习练八段锦不仅对老年人呼吸系统、内分泌系统、循环系统、神经系统等具有显著促进作用,还能改善老年人焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪。八段锦功法简单易学,习练安全可靠, 非常适宜在老年社区推广应用。     

The aerobic capacity and ventilatory efficiency during exercise in Qigong and Tai Chi Chuan practitioners

The objective of this study was to compare cardiorespiratory responses to exercise among older Qigong participants, Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) practitioners and normal sedentary controls during cycle ergometry. Thirty-six community-dwelling men with a mean age of 59.1 +/- 6.6 years participated in this study. Each group (Qigong, TCC and control) included 12 subjects with matched age and body size. The Qigong group practiced Qigong regularly for 2.3 +/- 1.5 years; the TCC group practiced Yang TCC for 4.7 +/- 2.3 years. Heart rate (HR) responses were measured during the practice of Qigong and TCC. Additionally, breath-by-breath measurement of cardiorespiratory function was performed during the incremental exercise of leg cycling. The mean HR during Qigong and TCC practice was 91 +/- 5 bpm and 129 +/- 7 bpm, respectively. At the peak exercise and the ventilatory threshold (VeT), TCC group displayed highest oxygen uptake (VO2), O2 pulse and work rate among the three groups. The Qigong group also showed higher oxygen uptake and O2 pulse than the control group. At the same relative exercise intensity, the Qigong group had the highest tidal volume among the three groups. In conclusion, Qigong and TCC show a beneficial effect to aerobic capacity in older individuals, but TCC displays a better training effect than Qigong due to its higher exercise intensity. However, Qigong can enhance breathing efficiency during exercise due to the training effect of diaphragmatic breathing.     

坐功导引法十二式介绍

介绍一种自行编创的坐功导引方法,该导引法的设计编排融入了导引养生练功的基本要素：呼吸运动、意念运动和肢体运动,三者有机结合以健壮身体与机能,依照这套功法练习,即使不下床,也能做到全身的锻炼,达到除病健身、身心同修、延年益寿的目的。     

Acute psychological responses to Qigong exercise of varying durations

Qigong exercise has been shown to induce acute psychological changes of a positive nature; but whether longer durations have greater effects than shorter ones is not known. Forty-one regular qigong practitioners therefore engaged in either 30 or 60 min of qigong exercise within a randomized cross-over design. Measures of mood, anxiety, activation, and hedonic tone were obtained pre- and post-exercise. Results showed benefits of the same magnitude in the two conditions: more positive mood states, reduced state anxiety, and enhanced perceived pleasure. Thirty minutes of qigong exercise thereby seems to be sufficient to provide psychological benefits, and with no additional benefits detected after 60 min. This finding is important for those having little time or motivation to engage in activities of longer durations. In addition, health professionals prescribing exercise for health benefits can prescribe shorter exercise sessions with confidence knowing that positive psychological effects can also occur after a shorter exercise bout.     

Heart rate responses and oxygen consumption during Tai Chi Chuan practice.

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a popular Chinese conditioning exercise, however, its exercise intensity remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the exercise intensity of Yang TCC by measuring heart rate (HR) responses and oxygen consumption (VO2) during practice. Fifteen men aged 39.9 +/- 9.5 yrs (range 26-56 yrs) participated in this study. Subjects had practiced classical Yang TCC for 5.8 +/- 2.4 years. HR responses and VO2 were measured during practice of TCC by using a K4 telemetry system. Blood lactate was measured before and immediately after TCC practice. Additionally, breath-by-breath measurement of cardiorespiratory function and sequential determination of blood lactate were performed during the incremental exercise of leg cycling. Measurements obtained during the TCC practice and exercise testing were compared to determine the exercise intensity of TCC. While performing TCC, the mean HR of subjects was 140 +/- 10 bpm, and the mean VO2 was 21.4 +/- 1.5 mL x kg(-1) min(-1). Compared with the data of the exercise test, the HR during practice was 58% of the heart rate range. Meanwhile, the VO2 during TCC practice was 55% of the VO2peak. Additionally, the level of blood lactate immediately after TCC practice was 3.8 mM, which reflected the level of lactate during TCC, approximated the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). The results demonstrate that TCC is an exercise with moderate intensity, and is aerobic in nature.     

Effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation in healthy young adults

Aim of the study

Given the popularity of the use of ephedra in traditional Chinese medicine around the world, a greater understanding of its actions is required. This study aims to assess the effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods

This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Twenty healthy subjects were given 1 g of ephedra dry extract or placebo once per day for 14 days in a crossover fashion with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Sequential HRV measures at baseline and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after taking ephedra or the placebo on days 1 and 14 were obtained and compared. In addition, the baseline HRV measurements on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 were also obtained and compared.

Results

The normalized low-frequency component (LF%) and the low/high-frequency component ratio (LF/HF) of the HRV were significantly increased, whereas the high-frequency component (HF) and normalized HF (HF%) were significantly decreased at 120 and 180 min after taking ephedra on days 1 and 14. In addition, the baseline LF% and LF/HF were significantly increased, whereas the baseline HF% was significantly decreased on days 10 and 14, as compared to day 1.

Conclusions

By power spectral analysis of the HRV of healthy young adults, it is suggested that ingestion of ephedra dry extract acutely and chronically affects autonomic nervous activity by tilting the sympathovagal balance toward increased sympathetic activity, whereas parasympathetic activity was impaired.     

Effects of Qi-training on heart rate variability

This study investigates changes in autonomic nervous function through Qi-training. The power spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV) was examined in 20 sedentary healthy subjects and 20 Qi-trainees. It was found that Qi-training in healthy young subjects during controlled respiration increases the high frequency (HF) power and decreases the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) power ratio of HRV. These results support the hypothesis that Qi-training increases cardiac parasympathetic tone. In addition, Qi-trainees were found to have higher parasympathetic heart modulation compared with their age-matched, sedentary counterparts. This augmented HRV in Qi-trainees provides further support for long-term Qi-training as a possible non-pharmacological cardio-protective maneuver. In conclusion, Qi-training may stabilize the autonomic nervous system by modulating the parasympathetic nervous system.     

国术点穴理论溯源及其在伤筋治疗中的应用浅析

介绍国术点穴疗法的发展源流,及其治疗筋伤骨病的临症经验,阐述其治病机理,诠释中医整体治疗观在国术点穴疗法中的内涵:气血同调,国术点穴把调理气血、恢复气血之平衡作为伤科治疗大法,强调治疗慢性劳损以行气为主,急性损伤则活血为先;筋骨并重,以筋为主,并强调矫正机体筋骨应力平衡失调,减缓筋骨形态、功能发生退变,从而减少疾病的发...     

Use of Pupil Size to Determine the Effect of Electromagnetic Acupuncture on Activation Level of the Autonomic Nervous System

Magnetic fields are widely considered as a method of treatment to increase the therapeutic effect when applied to acupoints. Hence, this study proposes a new method which creates significant stimulation of acupoints by using weak magnetic fields. We conducted this experiment in order to confirm the effect on the activation level of the autonomic nervous system by measuring pupil sizes in cases of stimulation by using manual acupuncture and electromagnetic acupuncture (EMA) at BL15. We selected 30 Hz of biphasic wave form with 570.1 Gauss. To confirm the biopotential by the magnetic flux density occurring in EMA that affected the activation of the autonomic nervous system, we observed the biopotential induced at the upper and the mid left and right trapezius. We observed a significant decrease in pupil size only in the EMA group (p < 0.05), thus confirming that EMA decreased the pupil size through activation of the parasympathetic nerve in the autonomic nervous system. Moreover, we confirmed that the amplitude of the biopotential which was caused by 570.1 Gauss was higher than ±20 μA. Thus, we can conclude that EMA treatment successfully activates the parasympathetic nerve in the autonomic nervous system by inducing a biotransformation by the induced biopotential.     

The effects of cranial TENS on measures of autonomic somatic and cognitive activity

Peripheral and central nervous system effects of the cranial application of sub-threshold transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), of sinusoid waveform passed between earlobe electrodes at an AC frequency of 100 Hertz, were investigated. In a single-blind study, each of thirty healthy volunteer subjects was administered one 30 minute treatment of either active TENS, placebo TENS or no treatment. Pretreatment to post-treatment changes in measures of autonomic activity (blood pressure, pulse rate, peripheral vasomotor activity), somatic activity (skeletal muscle tension), and anxiety were evaluated. Significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (p less than .05), diastolic blood pressure (p less than .01), pulse rate (p less than .05), peripheral vasomotor activity (marginally significant: p less than .07) and anxiety (p less than .05) were observed subsequent to active. TENS as compared to both placebo TENS and no TENS. No significant placebo TENS effect was observed. Possible mechanisms of action of this form of cranial TENS on the peripheral and central nervous system are discussed.     

万年干支和针灸五种按时取穴推算盘

文章介绍了以表、盘合二为一形式设计的推算盘，可以推算年月日时干支和子午流注的5种开穴法，具有直观、易学、快捷、准确，内容丰富，永久使用等特点，是中医、武林、天文、历法、气象、历史等工作者和人们日常生活中推算干支，以及针灸按时选穴的理想工具。     

坎离颗粒对慢性心衰大鼠血流动力学和耐力型运动能力的影响

目的:观察中药坎离颗粒对腹主动脉缩窄致慢性心衰(CHF)大鼠耐力型运动能力和血流动力学的影响。方法:以腹主动脉缩窄法建立大鼠CHF模型。用坎离颗粒(生药12 g.kg-1.d-1)灌胃该模型32周,对照组以开搏通(3.375 mg.kg-1.d-1)灌胃32周。观察坎离颗粒干预对CHF模型鼠耐力型运动能力和血流动力学指标的影响。结果:腹主动脉缩窄致慢性心衰大鼠存在游泳耐力降低和血流动力学指标恶化;开搏通、坎离颗粒预防给药能改善上述病理生理变化,中药坎离颗粒作用优于开搏通;结论:坎离颗粒对慢性心衰大鼠运动耐量和血流动力学存在有益影响。     

Acu-TENS lowers blood lactate levels and enhances heart rate recovery after exercise

ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study is to investigate the effect of application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation over acupuncture points (Acu-TENS) on post-exercise blood lactate level. The secondary aim is to explore the effect of Acu-TENS on heart rate recovery and its association with autonomic nervous system.MethodsTwenty healthy subjects (mean age 26.9 ± 1.3) acting as their own controls, were randomized to receive either Acu-TENS or Placebo-TENS as the first of two intervention protocols, implemented one week apart. During Acu-TENS, subjects received 45 min TENS bilaterally over the acupoints Neiguan (PC6). Subjects receiving Placebo-TENS had identical electrode placement but with no electrical output from the TENS unit despite an active output light. Interventions were followed by a 10-min ergometer exercise at 70% age-predicted maximal heart rate. Oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously throughout exercise. Blood lactate and blood pressure were taken at 4 time points: prior to, immediately after, at 15-min after exercise, and when HR had returned to baseline values.ResultsThe post-exercise blood lactate level in the Acu-TENS group was lower than that of the placebo group by 1.12 ± 0.39 mmol/L (p = 0.01). The Acu-TENS group also had a faster return of HR to pre-exercise level compared to placebo (9.98 ± 4.54 min, p = 0.047). Heart rate variability analysis inferred reduced sympathetic modulation during exercise after Acu-TENS. There was no between-group difference in post-exercise oxygen consumption.ConclusionAcu-TENS lowered post-exercise blood lactate level and enhanced heart rate recovery after moderate exercise. The role of Acu-TENS in exercise performance and energy metabolism warrants further investigation. (ClinicalTrails.gov Identifier: NCT01102634)     

Heart rate variability and the influence of craniosacral therapy on autonomous nervous system regulation in persons with subjective discomforts: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: Subjective discomforts in a preclinical range are often due to imbalanced autonomic nervous system activity, which is a focus of craniosacral therapy.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to determine any changes in heart rate variability(HRV) in a study on craniosacral therapy.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: This is a quasi-experimental(controlled) study with cross-over design.In a private practice, measurements were perfor med on 31 patients with subjective discomforts before and after a control and an intervention period.HRV was determined using a device that requires a measuring time of 140 s and electrode contact only with the fingertips.Main PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: HRV change under the influence of a defined onetime intervention(test intervention) with craniosacral therapy versus control(defined rest period).RESULTS: Standard deviation of all RR-intervals(ms) and total power of RR-interval variability in the frequency range(ms2) were together interpreted as an indicator of test subjects' autonomic nervous activity and as a measure of their ability to cope with demands on their health.Neither of these parameters increased during the control period(P0.05), whereas during the test intervention period there was an increase in both(P0.05, P0.01).Nevertheless, interactions between treatment and the increase were statistically not significant(P0.05).No changes were observed in the low frequency/high frequency ratio(sympathetic-vagal balance) in the course of the control or the test intervention period(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Craniosacral treatment had a favourable effect on autonomic nervous activity.This in itself is an interesting result, but further research will be needed to distinguish specific effects of craniosacral therapy technique from less specific therapist-client interaction effects.     

八段锦锻炼对认知功能影响的文献综述

认知功能障碍是影响老年人的常见问题,会导致功能障碍,生活质量下降和医疗负担增加。八段锦属于我国传统的中医健身运动,目前在国内较少有关于八段锦对认知功能影响的系统研究。本文纳入的研究反映了八段锦锻炼对认知功能的积极影响,并探讨八段锦对认知功能的可能作用机制。在临床效果方面,八段锦锻炼可以改善大学生、老年人和轻度认知障碍老年人的注意功能、记忆功能和整体认知功能。在作用机制研究方面,八段锦能显著增加老年人的内侧颞叶(MTL)、壳核和脑岛的大脑灰质体积(GMV);改善海马和内侧前额叶皮质(mPFC)、背外侧前额叶皮质(DLPFC)和壳核/脑岛之间之间的静息功能连接(rsFC)。综上所述,八段锦可能通过影响神经系统的功能,使海马、额叶、基底神经节及相关脑区的神经连接发生增强,提高突触可塑性以及大脑神经营养因子的有效性以提高认知功能,可以有效延缓老年人记忆功能的衰退。     

Comparing the Effects of Distilled Rehmannia glutinosa,Wild Ginseng and Astragali Radix Pharmacopuncture With Heart Rate Variability (HRV): A Randomized,Sham-controlled and Double-blind Clinical Trial

This study compared the effects of distilled Rehmannia glutinosa, Wild Ginseng and Astragali Radix pharmacopuncture on the autonomic nervous system and heart rate variability. The purpose of the trial was to observe the influence distilled Astragali Radix, Wild Ginseng and Rehmannia glutinosa pharmacopuncture have on the autonomic nervous system. 120 healthy male volunteers were divided into four groups, which consisted of three experimental groups and a control group. This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Volunteers in experimental groups were underwent pharmacopuncture at GB21 (Kyonjong), and volunteers in the control group were injected with normal saline at GB21 (Kyonjong). Heart rate variability was measured seven times: before and after injection, every 5 minutes for 30 minutes. The result was distilled Rehmannia glutinosa, Wild Ginseng and Astragali Radix pharmacopuncture in healthy adult males tended to activate the autonomic nervous system, particularly the sympathetic nervous system.     

老年人跌倒相关因素及功能锻炼干预的研究进展

综述老年人跌倒相关因素及功能锻炼干预的研究进展。内在因素包括年龄增加、中枢和周围神经系统衰退、感觉功能降低、肌肉力量下降、平衡能力下降、步态稳定性下降、心脑血管类疾病、神经系统疾病、药物不良反应等;外在因素包括自然环境、医院环境、家居环境等。包括运动锻炼、现代舞蹈、传统功法等在内的功能锻炼措施可有效改善老年人的平衡能力和下肢肌力,从而有利于预防老年人跌倒。