髓内固定系统治疗老年人股骨粗隆间骨折的临床研究

近年来髋部骨折的发生率以每年1%～3%的速度增长,而股骨粗隆间骨折在老年人髋部骨折中最为常见。高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折后由于长期卧床,死亡率可高达20％.VerbeekDO等人回顾研究192例髋部骨折后发现,早期手术可有效减少并发症和住院天数。Casaletto JA．等也发现,80岁以上的老年患者,骨折后当天即行手术治疗,可提高疗效,改善预后。目前业已公认,对老年人股骨粗隆间骨折应早期手术治疗。     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄体弱患者的股骨粗隆间不稳定型骨折

目的比较两类老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的手术治疗方法,总结高龄体弱患者行人工股骨头置换的效果。方法对71例65岁以上股骨粗隆间骨折患者进行分类。A组行DHS内固定患者,B组行人工股骨头置换。比较两组患者术前、术后Harris评分、术后随访的一般情况。结果Harris功能评分,A组手术前后分别为94、89.4分;B组手术前后分别为91、90.6分。A组有3人术后出现内固定松动、骨折移位,B组1例在围手术期出现多脏器功能衰竭而死亡,假体无出现松动、下沉现象。结论对高龄体弱的非稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折患者,行人工股骨头置换是可行的治疗选择。     

影响高龄股骨转子间骨折术后功能恢复的相关因素

目的 分析高龄股骨转子间骨折术后功能恢复的相关因素,为提高对患者预后的预测准确性,促进患者术后的早期功能恢复提供参考资料.方法 收集80例60岁以上高龄股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料,主要包括年龄、性别、骨折类型、手术时机、术中输血情况、骨质疏松水平及术后功能恢复情况等,进行回顾性分析.结果 手术时机、患者既往所患疾病、骨折类型、骨质疏松水平与术后功能恢复密切相关.结论 高龄股骨转子间骨折患者术后功能恢复受手术时机的延迟、患者全身情况差、不稳定骨折及骨质疏松等因素影响,这些因素预示着患者术后功能恢复较差.     

PFNA和DHS治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效比较

目的：探讨比较PFNA和DHS治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效,探讨内固定选择在高龄股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的意义。方法同期选择80例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者,DHS固定40例,PFNA固定40例,对比两组病例,并进行统计学处理,观察两者的临床效果。结果两组患者在平均手术用时、术中术后出血量、术中术后并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间等方面差异有统计学意义(<0.05),PFNA组优于DHS组;在术后髋关节功能恢复方面两组差异无明显统计学意义(>0.05)。结论 PFNA治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折较DHS设计更合理,操作微创,固定牢固,具有创伤小、出血少、负重早等优点,疗效优于DHS。     

微创DHS内固定手术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折36例体会

目的观察微创DHS内固定手术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法在C臂X光机透视下闭合复位满意后，采用小切口DHS内固定手术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折36例。结果36例患者开放手术时间40～60分钟，平均52分钟，术中出血60～120ml，平均80ml，手术切口4～6cm。术后伤口均I期愈合，骨折复位及内固定物位置良好。随访5～24个月，骨折全部愈合，无内固定松动、断裂等并发症，原有心脑血管疾病，糖尿病等无加重，髋内翻3例，功能评定优23例，良11例，优良率94．4％。结论微创DHS内固定手术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折效果良好，但需掌握好适应征，危重患者及严重骨质疏松患者慎用。     

人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折48例

目的 探讨人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效.方法 采用人工股骨头假体,全髋关节假体,结合钢丝捆绑手术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者48例.结果 本组48例术后下床时间3～10天,平均6天.X线片骨折复位满意,随访4个月～3年,无假体松动、下沉,无钢丝松动及断裂.髋关节功能按Harris评分,优良率为83%.结论 采用人工关节置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折创伤小,卧床时间短,可早期离床活动,减少并发症,有利于关节功能恢复,提高老年患者术后生活质量.     

动力髋螺钉治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折28例分析

股骨粗隆间骨折占全身骨折的3.58%[1],多发于老年人群,近年来发病率呈上升趋势。其治疗方法多样,其中手术内固定疗效明显优于保守治疗。本院自2001年12月至2006年3月对28例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者,采用手术动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定,取得满意疗效,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组28例,其中男11例,女17例,年龄70.5~88岁,平均78岁。左侧13例,右侧15例。有不同类型合并症者占92.8%,其中冠心病7例,糖尿病8例,慢性支气管炎10例,肺气肿2例,有脑血管病史者1例;同时有两种或两种以上合并症5例。伤后入院1~7 d,平均3 d。1.2治疗方法患者均在连…     

高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折两种手术方式对比观察

目的：探究高龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折不同手术方法的疗效。方法选取2012年8月~2014年1月我院收治的74例股骨粗隆间骨折的高龄患者进行研究,实验组42例采取人工股骨头置换手术,对照组32例使用PFNA髓内钉固定,对比疗效。结果实验组治疗的优良率为95.24%,对照组优良率为84.38%,优良率差异较大,有统计学意义(<0.05)。结论股骨粗隆间骨折的高龄患者,采取人工股骨头置换术治疗,可使并发症比较少,尽早恢复髋关节活动的功能,疗效较显著。     

论股骨粗隆间骨折患者手术前后骨代谢、骨密度和骨强度变化

目的：探讨股骨粗隆间骨折患者手术前后骨代谢、骨密度和骨强度变化,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法选取2011年6月~2013年6月前往我院接受诊疗的80例股骨粗隆间骨折患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其相关测定资料。结果股骨粗隆间骨折患者手术前后胶原基端前肽上升,变化明显,手术前后比较,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论为了提升股骨粗隆间骨折患者的恢复速度,应当加强对骨质疏松的治疗。     

老年股骨粗隆骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨老年股骨粗隆间骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法老年（60岁以上）股骨粗隆骨折92例进行手术治疗,动力螺钉（DHS）治疗32例,Gamma钉24例,国产改良股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）36例,其中合并内科疾病81例,占总数的88%。结果三种治疗方法在功能评分优良率无明显差异（P〉0.05）,但在术后并发症方面,PFN优于其他两组（P〈0.05）。结论老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者多合并多种内科疾病,身体状况差,对手术耐受性也较差。Gamma钉及PFN具有手术操作简单、时间短、固定牢靠、损伤小、出血少、骨折愈合率高等优点,适合老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的手术要求。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.