胸腺瘤患者预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响胸腺瘤患者术后远期生存率的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析我科1973—2000年间手术治疗的69例胸腺瘤，应用Kaplan—Meier法和Cox比例风险模型对可能影响胸腺瘤术后远期生存率的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 全组患者5年、10年、15年生存率分别为83．3％、67．4％、41．9％。单因素分析显示年龄、Masaoka分期、WHO组织学分类、肿瘤切除范围、Rosai／Levine分类对胸腺瘤患者术后长期生存率有显著影响(P＜0．01)，但经多因素分析表明仅Masaoka分期(P＜0．01)、肿瘤切除范围(P＜0．05)、年龄(P＜0．05)是独立的预后因素。结论 对胸腺瘤应积极进行手术治疗，即使姑息性切除亦有助于提高远期生存。     

胃肠道间质瘤患者87例病理学改变及其与预后的关系

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST）患者病理学改变特征、临床分期及其与预后的关系。方法收集2000年6月至2009年1月本院收治的87例GIST患者临床病理、病理组织免疫组化及随访资料。Kaplan－Meier法计算生存率并进行单因素分析,COX回归法进行多因素分析。结果87例患者5年的无瘤生存率（disease－free survival,DFS）为65．8％;5年的总体生存率（overall survival,OS）为67．4％。免疫组化结果：CDll7阳性率：86．8％;CD34阳性率：88．1％;SMA阳性率：25％;S-100阳性率：5．26％。CDll7、CD34、SMA和S-100表达与无瘤生存期和总生存期间无相关关系。单因素分析结果提示：细胞密集程度、核异型程度、肿瘤原发部位、肿瘤大小、有丝分裂数目、NIH分级、Miettinen分级和TNM分期等因素与患者的无瘤生存期间有相关关系（P〈0．05）。多因素分析结果提示：细胞密集程度、有丝分裂数目、原发部位和TNM分期是影响无瘤生存的独立因素（P〈0．05）。TNM分期是影响患者无瘤生存率和总生存率的独立影响因素（P〈0．05）。结论细胞密集程度、核异型程度、肿瘤原发部位、肿瘤大小、有丝分裂数目以及NIH分级、Miettinen分级和TNM分期均可影响GIST患者的预后。细胞密集程度、有丝分裂数目、发病部位和TNM分期是影响GIST患者无瘤生存率的独立因素。     

胸腺瘤患者的临床病理特征及预后影响因素分析

目的 分析胸腺瘤患者的临床病理特征及其预后的影响因素。方法 纳入2015年3月—2021年3月就诊于四川省肿瘤医院的胸腺瘤患者，采用Kaplan-Meier法及Cox回归分析患者的临床资料。结果 共纳入177例患者，其中男89例、女88例，年龄17～88(52.3±13.0)岁，手术患者160例、非手术患者17例。177例胸腺瘤患者中，存活患者160例，因胸腺瘤死亡患者17例，复发转移患者5例。总体上看，胸腺瘤患者的1、3、5年无进展生存率分别为94.4%、88.7%、88.1%,1、3、5年总生存率分别为94.9%、91.5%、91.0%。单因素分析显示，世界卫生组织分型、临床症状、Masaoka-Koga分期、治疗方式以及手术与否对患者无进展生存有显著影响（P<0.05）；临床症状、年龄、治疗方式和手术与否对患者总生存有显著影响（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示，年龄较小（P=0.018）、无临床症状（P=0.039）以及手术治疗（P=0.004）患者总生存率较高；手术治疗患者无进展生存率较高（P=0.002）。结论 年龄、临床症状、治疗方式是胸腺瘤患者预后的独立影响因素...     

185例胸腺瘤的临床特点

目的 探讨胸腺瘤及胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力(MG)的临床特征.方法 回顾分析1979年10月～2004年7月外科治疗的185例胸腺瘤患者的临床资料,其中单纯胸腺瘤94例(胸腺瘤组),胸腺瘤合并MG 91例(胸腺瘤合并MG组);手术根治性切除155例(83.8%),姑息性切除16例(8.6%),探查术14例(7.6%).分析两组患者的临床特点;按Masaoka病理分期法进行分期,运用寿命表法计算生存率,分析影响预后的因素.结果 术后死亡5例,其余均缓解或治愈.两组患者的Masaoka病理分期差异有统计学意义(χ2=53.14,P＜0.05);胸腺瘤病理分型与MG临床分型、病理分期差异无统计学意义(χ2=8.21,P＞0.05).胸腺瘤组随访57例,随访1～10年,平均随访40.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为70.2%(40/57)、66.7%(22/33)、59.3%(16/27);胸腺瘤合并MG组随访55例,1、3、5年生存率分别为98.2%(54/55)、86.4%(38/44)、81.6%(31/38),比较两组1、3、5年生存率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.83,P＞0.05).随访112例中,Masaoka病理分期5年生存率分别为Ⅰ期93.7%,Ⅱ期79.2%,Ⅲ期51.4%,Ⅳ期0%,各分期比较差异有统计学意义(χ25年=51.62,P＜0.01).结论 胸腺瘤的病理类型与MG的临床分型无关,胸腺瘤术后生存率与分期显著有关,与是否合并MG无关.胸腺瘤伴MG以全身型为主,病理类型以淋巴细胞型常见.胸部CT检查有助于早期发现胸腺瘤.治疗原则应尽可能广泛切除肿瘤,术后根据具体情况辅以放疗、化疗.手术方式、病理分期对预后影响较大.     

110例睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤预后多因素分析

目的：观察睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的临床特征,探讨影响其预后相关因素。方法：回顾性分析2002年1月～2009年9月收治110例睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan—Meier法计算生存率;应用Cox模型将110例患者资料进行统计并分析其预后的影响因素。结果：本组患者术后3年生存率为90．4％,5年生存率为86％。。睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期的3年生存率分别为100％、91．6％、82。5％,5年生存率分别为96．7％、91．6％、67．1％。将AFP、HCG、临床分期和病理类型这4个单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量引入Cox比例模型进行多因素分析后,结果仅显示临床分期（P=0．018）,病理类型（P=0．033）对睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的预后有统计学意义,为睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤患者长期生存的独立影响因素。结论：睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的预后与肿瘤的临床分期和肿瘤细胞的病理分型有关。     

睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤62例临床分析

目的：探讨睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的诊断、治疗、预后情况及对性功能的影响。方法：对1992年3月～2006年4月收住院的睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤患者的临床及随访资料进行回顾性分析和总结。结果：精原细胞瘤（sGCT）患者平均发病年龄40．3岁,比非精原细胞瘤（NSGCT）大6．9岁;B超显示,SGCT多表现为低回声,NSGCT多为不均匀回声;两者5年总生存率分别为93．94％、82．35％;疾病或治疗相关性性功能障碍发生率14．29％。结论：①血清肿瘤标志物、超声、腹部CT检查对于睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的诊断、临床分期及预后判断有一定参考价值。②SGCTI期患者单纯手术与手术加放疗疗效相当,Ⅱ期患者应给予手术加放疗;NSGCT患者应给予手术加化疗等综合治疗。③睾丸肿瘤及相关治疗对性功能影响较小,勃起功能障碍主要与放疗有关。     

直肠神经内分泌肿瘤69例淋巴结转移和预后的影响因素分析

目的研究影响直肠神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）的淋巴结转移及预后因素。方法回顾性分析2003年4月至2011年10月辽宁省肿瘤医院大肠外科收治的69例直肠NET患者的临床资料,分析淋巴结转移及预后与直肠NET临床病理因素的关系。结果69例患者中有9例（13．0％）发生淋巴结转移,单因素分析结果显示：淋巴结转移与直肠NET大小、T分期及G分级有关（均P〈0．01）;多因素分析结果显示：T分期是独立影响淋巴结转移的因素（P=0．002,OR=46．000,95％CI：4．030～525．126）。全组患者的5年总生存率为90．3％,单因素分析结果显示：肿瘤大小、T分期、N分期、M分期、TNM分期及G分级与患者的总体生存率有关（分别为P〈0．01和P〈0．05）;多因素分析结果显示,M分期是长期生存的独立预后因素（P=0．000,HR=2．285,95％CI：1．484～3．518）。TNM分期Ⅰ期行局部和根治切除手术的患者,3年总生存率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;Ⅱ期及以上分期患者,行非根治切除与根治切除手术者3年总生存率差异则有统计学意义（P=0．046）。结论直肠NET的T分期与淋巴结转移有关,TNM与M分期两者交互作用影响患者的预后,故可以作为淋巴结转移及预后的预测因素。TNM分期Ⅰ期的患者推荐行局部切除,Ⅱ期及以上的患者推荐行根治性手术治疗。     

重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤的手术治疗和临床病理分析

目的 探讨重症肌无力（myasthenia gravis，MG）合并胸腺瘤患者的临床病理特点及合理的外科治疗疗案。方法 回顾性分析47例MG合并胸腺瘤患者的临床资料。其胸腺瘤Masaoka病理分型：Ⅰ期22例，Ⅱ期12例，Ⅲ期13例；MG改良Osserman法分型：Ⅰ型20例，Ⅱa型14例，Ⅱb型7例，Ⅲ型6型。采用胸骨正中切口23例，前胸切口19例，后外侧切口15例。以累积生存率、MG转归为指标进行统计分析。结果本组平均随诊76．5（10～178）月。①11例（显性MG10例，隐性MG1例）术后围手术期出现肌无力危象（23．4％）。全组随诊共6例死于MG（12．8％），7例死于胸腺瘤（14．9％）。②显性MG32例，术后随诊5年总完全缓解率达34．4％，总改善率为62．5％。隐性MG15例，发作时间平均为术后37．7（0～137）d，出现MG后的5年自然缓解率为25．0％。③影响MG转归的因素为术后围手术期是否出现危象，出现者MG转归较差（P〈0．05）。④经COX模型预后多因素分析，随诊中MG病情反复且有加重（优势比OR=2．16），胸腺瘤病理分期（OR=2．03）和手术方式（OR=1．63）为影响预后的主要因素。结论 扩大胸腺切除术、术后肿瘤综合治疗、MG的围手术期综合处理及其长期治疗是提高疗效的有效手段。     

p53、c-erbB-2和组织蛋白酶D与腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后的关系

目的：探讨p53,c-erbB-2和组织蛋白酶D（cathepsinD)在评估腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌（NNBC）患者预后中的价值,方法：用免疫组织化方法,检测110例T1－2N0M0期乳腺癌患者原发灶癌组织中p53,c-erbB-2和cathepsinD水平,并用单因素和多因素统计方法对其结果与肿瘤的临床特征有患者预后之间的关系进行了分析,结果：本组肿瘤直径＞3cm的患者比＜3cm 患者的远处转移率高,无瘤生存率和总生存率下降,差异有显著性意义（分别P＜0．03,P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,cathepsin阴性患者的肿瘤远处转移率,无瘤生存率,分别为8．25％,82．61％,阳性患者为33．06%,57．41％,差异均有极显著性意义（P＜0．01）,c-erbB-2 阴性患者及p53表达状态与患者的肿瘤远处转移率,无瘤生存率和总生存率无关,62例未作全身治疗的患者,cathepsin阴性患者的肿瘤远处转移率,无瘤生存率、分别为8．92％,77．04％,阳性患者为44．61％,43．46％,差异均有极显著性意义（P＜0．01）,c-erbB-2阴性患者的肿瘤远处转移率,无瘤生存率,和总生存率分别为16．70％,70．11％,88．30％,阳性患者为41．26％,44．44％,68．65％,差异均有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,53表达状态与患者的肿瘤远处转移率,无瘤生存率和总生存率无关,多因素分析表明肿瘤大小和cethepsinD表达水平与患者的远处转移率,无瘤生存率和总生存率无关,多因素分析表明肿瘤大小和cathepsinD表达水平与患者的远处转移率,无瘤生存率无关（P＜0．05）,48例接受全身治疗的患者p53,c-erbB-2及cathepsinD的表达状态与患者预后无关,结论：肿瘤大小和cathepsinD 水平可作为评估腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后的独立指标,对患者治疗方案的选择具有一定的指导意义。     

胸腺瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结胸腺瘤的外科治疗经验，以提高手术疗效。方法 102例胸腺瘤患者按Masaoka法分期：Ⅰ期28例，Ⅱ期43例，Ⅲ期26例，Ⅳ期5例。所有患者均采用胸部正中切口和胸前外侧切口进行手术。完整摘除胸腺瘤85例，姑息性切除肿瘤17例。结果 1例胸腺瘤合并冠心病心房颤动患者术后死于心力衰竭。随访101例，随访时间1个月～10年，以寿命表法统计生存率，其Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期非侵袭性胸腺瘤患者的1年、3年、5年和10年生存率分别为97％、90％、84％和57％，Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期侵袭性胸腺瘤的1年、3年、5年和10年生存率分别为87％、74％、71％和23％。结论胸腺瘤为低度恶性肿瘤，积极手术切除肿瘤。可缓解症状、延长生存时间；肿瘤的Masaoka分期与其预后有关。     

Thymoma: a clinicopathologic study based on the new World Health Organization classification

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the relationship between the histologic subtype of thymoma according to the new World Health Organization histologic classification and the clinical findings, as well as the prognostic significance of the classification. METHODS: A total of 130 patients with thymoma, who underwent resection at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, from 1962 to 2000, were studied retrospectively. The histologic subtype of thymoma was determined according to the new World Health Organization histologic classification. The stage was also determined according to a modified Masaoka's classification as stage I, II, III, IVa, or IVb. To determine the factors that may affect the prognosis of thymoma, a multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed. RESULTS: The distribution of histologic subtype was type A (n = 18), type AB (n = 56), type B1 (n = 15), type B2 (n = 29), and type B3 (n = 12). A close correlation was seen between the histologic subtype and stage (P =.000). The overall survivals at 5 and 10 years were 92% and 91%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year survivals according to stage were 100% and 100% (stage I, n = 40; stage II, n = 54), 81% and 76% (stage III, n = 25), and 47% and 47% (stage IV, n = 11), respectively. The difference in survival between stage III and stage IV was significant (P =.000). Patients with type A or AB thymoma demonstrated a 100% survival at both 5 and 10 years. Recurrences were seen in 12 patients with complete resection. According to a multivariate analysis, tumor size (P =.001), completeness of resection (P =.002), histologic subtype (P =.011), and stage (P =.00) were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: The World Health Organization histologic classification significantly correlated with the clinical stage. Tumor size, completeness of resection, histologic subtype, and stage predicted the prognosis of thymoma.     

WHO histologic classification is a prognostic indicator in thymoma

BACKGROUND: The histologic classification of thymoma has remained a subject of controversy for many years. In 1999, the World Health Organization Consensus Committee published a histologic typing system for tumors of the thymus. METHODS: We reclassified a series of 100 thymomas resected at Tokushima University Hospital and four affiliated hospitals in Japan between 1973 and 2001 according to the World Health Organization histologic classification and reported its clinicopathologic relationship and prognostic relevance. RESULTS: There were 8 type A, 17 type AB, 27 type B1, 8 type B2, 12 type B3, and 28 type C thymomas. The frequency of invasion to neighboring organs increased according to tumor subtype in the order A (0%), AB (6%), B1 (19%), B2 (25%), B3 (42%), and C (89%). There was no recurrence in patients with type A, AB, or B2 thymoma. The recurrence rates of patients with B1, B3, or C thymoma were 15%, 36%, and 47%, respectively. The disease-free survival rates were 100% for types A and AB, 83% for types B1 and B2, 36% for type B3, and 28% for type C thymoma at 10 years. There were significant differences in disease-free survival between types A and AB and types B1 and B2 (p = 0.0436), and between type B3 and type C (p = 0.042). By multivariate analysis, only Masaoka clinical stage (p = 0.002) showed significant independent effects on disease-free survival. The 10-year survival rates of types A and AB, types B1 and B2, type B3, and type C thymoma were 100%, 94%, 92%, and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current study confirmed the World Health Organization histologic classification as a good prognostic factor.     

Histologic subtype and margin of resection predict pattern of recurrence and survival for retroperitoneal liposarcoma

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of recurrence and prognostic significance of histologic subtype in a large series of patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Classification of liposarcoma into subtypes, based on morphologic features and cytogenetic aberrations, is now widely accepted. Previous studies have shown that high histologic grade and incomplete gross resection are the most important prognostic factors for survival in patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma and suggest that patients with liposarcoma have a 3-fold higher risk of local recurrence compared with other histologies. METHODS: A prospective database was used to identify 177 patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma treated between July 1982 and June 2002. Histology at primary presentation was reviewed by a sarcoma pathologist and subtyped into 4 distinct groups according to strict criteria. The influence of clinicopathological factors on local recurrence, distant recurrence, and disease-specific survival was analyzed. RESULTS: Of 177 patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma operated on for curative intent, 99 (56%) presented with well-differentiated, 65 (37%) with dedifferentiated, 9 (5%) with myxoid, and 4 (2%) with round cell morphology. The tumor burden was determined by the sum of the maximum tumor diameters. The median tumor burden was 26 cm (5-139). Median follow-up time for 92 (52%) surviving patients was 37 (mean, 0.5-192) months. Multivariate analysis showed that dedifferentiated liposarcoma subtype was associated with a 6-fold increased risk of death compared with well-differentiated histology (P < 0.0001). In addition to histologic subtype, incomplete resection (P < 0.0001), contiguous organ resection (excluding nephrectomy; P = 0.05), and age (P = 0.03) were important independent prognostic factors for survival in retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma was associated with an 83% local recurrence rate and 30% distant recurrence rate at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The histologic subtype and margin of resection are prognostic for survival in primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Dedifferentiated histologic subtype and the need for contiguous organ resection (excluding nephrectomy) was associated with an increase risk of local and distant recurrence. Nephrectomy may be needed to achieve complete resection, but has no measurable influence on disease specific survival.     

Surgical treatment of thymoma.

OBJECTIVE: To describe experience with the surgical treatment of thymoma. DESIGN: A retrospective study. Setting: A teaching hospital at the University of Ottawa. PATIENTS: Over 25 years, 42 consecutive patients (22 men, 20 women) who had a thymoma requiring operation. INTERVENTIONS: Thymectomy. OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, sex, association with myasthenia gravis, presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome, extent of surgical resection, tumour size, histologic features of the tumour, clinical staging of the thymoma and short- and long-term outcome after surgery. RESULTS: The mean (and standard deviation) age of the patients was 52.8 (12.5) years. Thirteen patients had myasthenia gravis. With respect to tumour staging, 24 patients had stage I, 7 had stage II and 11 had stage III disease. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Radiotherapy was used as an adjunct to surgical treatment in 83% of patients with stages II and III disease. Fifty-one percent of patients available for follow-up survived 175.1 months, and the cumulative 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 87.3% and 81.4% respectively. Only 1 patient died of metastatic thymoma. Complete or partial remission of myasthenia gravis was seen in 10 (77%) affected patients. Mixed cellular histologic features and a tumour size of less than 115 cm3 were more commonly seen with stage I disease. CONCLUSIONS: Thymomas are characterized by slow growth and prolonged survival even in patients with invasive disease as long as the tumour is resected completely and treatment is accompanied by radiotherapy.     

Long-term survival and prognostic factors in thymic epithelial tumours.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze long-term survival and the prognostic significance of some factors after surgical resection of thymic epithelial tumours. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and histopathological data on 132 patients operated on for thymic tumours, from 1970 and 2001. Histologic diagnosis based on the new WHO classification system was made by a single pathologist. A univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors predicting survival was carried out. RESULTS: There were: 108 complete resections (81.8%), 12 partial resections (9.1%) and 12 biopsies (9.1%). Overall 5, 10 and 15-year survival rate was 72, 61 and 52.5%, respectively. The Masaoka staging system showed 44 stage I, 18 stage II, 52 stage III and 18 stage IV. Histologic results were: 14 subtype A, 31 AB, 20 B1, 28 B2, 29 B3 and 10 C; the respective proportions of invasive tumour (stage II-IV) was 28.6, 58.1, 50, 75, 86.2 and 100%. There were 16 tumour recurrences (14.8%) of 108 radically resected thymomas, 10 were treated with radical re-resection. In univariate analysis, four prognostic factors were statistically significant: radical resection, Masaoka clinical staging, WHO histologic subtype and resectable tumour recurrence. In multivariate analysis, the independent factors predicting long-term survival were WHO histology and Masaoka stage. CONCLUSIONS: The WHO histologic classification seems to be the most significant prognostic factor reflecting the invasiveness of the thymic tumour. Completeness of resection and Masaoka stage I and II assure a better survival. Unresectable recurrence of thymic tumour predicted a worse prognosis.     

Review of the M.D. Anderson experience in the treatment of bladder sarcoma

OBJECTIVE: To assess the histologic subtypes, clinical presentations, treatment approaches, and treatment-related outcomes of patients with bladder sarcoma. METHODS: Between January 1985 and July 2004, 19 patients (12 men and 7 women) with primary bladder sarcoma were evaluated at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Median follow-up duration was 72 months (range 3-141). RESULTS: The median age of patients at presentation was 57 years (range 22-94). The histologic subtypes of bladder sarcoma were leiomyosarcoma (N = 14), angiosarcoma (N = 3), and unclassified sarcoma (N = 2). The clinical presentation consisted of gross, painless hematuria in 79% of patients, lower urinary tract symptoms in 16%, and microhematuria in 5%. The primary treatment modalities used were surgery in 16 (84%) patients, chemotherapy in 2 (11%), and palliation in 1 (5%). The rate of local and distal recurrence was 16% and 53%, respectively. The most common sites of distant metastases were the lungs, bone, brain, and liver. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 59%, with a median survival duration of 6 years. There was no statistically significant difference in disease-specific survival between patients with bladder leiomyosarcoma compared to other sarcoma subtypes (P = 0.149). Lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.03) and lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.03) were associated with disease-specific survival, and surgical margin status was associated with recurrence-free (P = 0.04), disease-specific (P = 0.03), and overall survival (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Bladder sarcoma is a highly aggressive malignancy, regardless of its histologic subtype. Surgical margin status is an important determinant of survival.     

Results from surgical treatment for thymoma. 43 years of experience.

OBJECTIVE: The biological behavior of thymoma and its prognosis after surgical intervention remain still controversial. The efficacy of surgical treatment for thymoma was investigated by examining long-term follow-up data. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Follow-up data for patients undergoing surgical resection of histopathologically-confirmed thymoma between 1954 and 1997 were obtained and were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical staging was based on Masaoka's staging system, and histological classification on Rosai's proposed criteria. RESULTS: Data for 140 patients were collected. Sixty-four patients had stage I, 32 had stage II, 28 had stage III, and 16 had stage IV thymoma. There were significant differences in survival between patients with stage I and stage III, stage I and stage IV and stage II and stage III disease, but not between those with stage I thymoma and stage II thymoma. No significant difference in survival was observed between the 56 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and the 84 without MG. The 38 patients classified as having a predominantly-epithelial thymoma had a poorer prognosis than the 41 with a predominantly-lymphocytic thymoma. Until 1975, there were four patients with stage I thymomas who later showed recurrence, compared with 21 among those with stage II, III and IV diseases. Since 1976, extended thymectomy with thymomectomy under median sternotomy has been adopted as the standard operation for a thymoma, and there has been no recurrence in stage I patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with stage III or IV invasive thymoma have a poorer prognosis and a higher recurrence rate than those with encapsulated thymoma, and patients with a predominantly-epithelial thymoma have a poorer prognosis than those with a predominantly-lymphocytic thymoma. Extended thymectomy with thymomectomy under median sternotomy can be considered as adequate treatment for a stage I thymoma. Myasthenia gravis does not appear to affect the prognosis of patients with a thymoma.     

Luminal亚型浸润性乳腺癌

目的 研究Luminal亚型浸润性乳腺癌的临床特点和生存状况.方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2002年1月1日至9月30日收治的162例接受手术治疗、资料完整的浸润性Luminal亚型乳腺癌的临床资料,对其临床特征、复发及生存情况进行分析.结果 162例患者随访4 ～98个月,中位随访时间92个月,41例患者(25.3％,41/162)出现局部复发或远处转移,包括远处转移32例(19.8％,32/162),局部复发2例(1.2％,2/162)及局部复发合并远处转移7例(4.3％,7/162).总的无病生存率为73.1％,5年无病生存率为79.6％;27例死亡(16.7％,27/162),总生存率为82.5％,5年生存率为85.3％.Kaplen-Meier单因素生存分析显示,肿瘤大小、淋巴结状况、临床分期影响患者的总生存时间(P＜0.05);肿瘤大小、淋巴结状况、肿瘤分级、临床分期、PR影响患者无病生存时间(P＜0.05).多因素分析显示,TNM分期、PR和PCNA是影响总生存时间的独立影响因素(OR =0.633,95％ CI:0.411～0.976,P ＜0.05; OR =0.823,95％ CI:1.012～ 3.283,P＜0.05);TNM分期和PR是影响无病生存时间的独立影响因素(OR =3.273,95％CI:1.719 ～6.232,P＜0.01; OR=0.599,95％CI:0.423 ～0.850,P＜0.01).结论 在浸润性Luminal亚型乳腺癌中,PR、PCNA状况均能明显影响患者预后.     

Thymomas: clinical-pathological correlations

AIM: Since World Health Organization (WHO) histologic typing of tumors of the thymus publication in 1999 only a few studies correlated this classification with the clinical features of the patients. We present the results of a retrospective analysis on patients, operated on for a thymoma, whose specimens were available, to compare the WHO thymoma histologic classification to the clinical behavior of the tumors. METHODS: The specimens of 69 patients, who underwent surgical treatment between 1983 and 1998, were analyzed, comparing the clinical features of the patients and the hystological typing of the neoplasm, according to the WHO classification. A survival analysis of clinical and pathological prognostic factors was carried out. RESULTS: The incidence of thymus-related syndrome was related to the histological subtype and increases progressively from A to B3, while in C subtype the incidence was nihl. With a mean follow-up of 108 months (range 54-239 months), we experienced 6 intrathoracic recurrencies, 3 of those were intrapleuric and 3 mediastinal. At the last follow-up, 52 patients were alive; 1 with disease. Five deaths were related to the tumor (2 mediastinal and 3 intrapleuric relapses). Actuarial five-year and ten-year survival was 95% and 88.9%. Because of the absence of deaths related to thymomas in most samples it was not possible to perform a comparison among different histological types and different clinical stages. CONCLUSIONS: The WHO histologic classification seems to correlate with the incidence of thymus related syndromes and the clinical stage of Masaoka. Despite the higher incidence of recurrences in type B3 and C thymoma the WHO classification did not prove to be a prognostic factor.     

Recurrence of thymoma: clinicopathological features, therapy, and prognosis

Factors influencing the recurrence or persistence of thymoma after therapy were investigated in 127 patients with thymoma, including 75 with thymoma and myasthenia gravis. The rate of recurrence or persistence was 19% (24 of 127 patients) overall, 11% (8 of 75 patients) in myasthenic thymoma, and 31% (16 of 52 patients) in nonmyasthenic thymoma. The more advanced the clinical stage, the higher the rate of recurrence or persistence. The recurrence/persistence rate for patients with the same clinical stage was higher in those with nonmyasthenic thymoma (8% in Stage I, 11% in Stage II, 36% in Stage III, and 75% in Stage IV) than in those with myasthenic thymoma (0 in Stage I, 13% in Stage II, 18% in Stage III, and 20% in Stage IV). The prognosis for patients having subtotal resection of tumor was good in myasthenic thymoma (recurrence/persistence rate, 17%) in contrast with nonmyasthenic thymoma (recurrence/persistence rate, 78%). These results suggest that nonmyasthenic thymoma is more malignant than myasthenic thymoma. Postoperative radiotherapy was effective in preventing the recurrence or persistence of thymoma after therapy.