低场磁共振GE序列在膝关节侧副韧带损伤诊断中的应用评价

目的：探讨损伤的膝关节侧副韧带在低场MRIGE序列中的表现。方法：对经手术或临床证实的48例共54条损伤的侧副韧带进行回顾性MRI对比观察。结果：54条侧副韧带损伤，单纯胫侧副韧带27条，单纯腓侧副韧带18条，两侧侧副韧带同时损伤10条。Ⅰ级侧副韧带损伤27条；Ⅱ级侧副韧带损伤17条；Ⅲ级侧副韧损伤10条。30例（62．5％）出现并发症，其中前交叉韧带损伤19条。后交叉韧带损伤14条，半月板损伤18个，骨挫伤及骨折11例，关节囊积液30例。结论：GE序列能缩短检查时间，清晰显示膝关节侧副韧带解剖结构，准确诊断侧副韧带损伤并能进行分级，发现多种并发症，宜列为膝关节外伤的常规扫描序列。     

膝关节韧带损伤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨膝关节韧带损伤的MRI表现及诊断价值. 方法 回顾性分析32例经手术或关节镜检查证实的膝关节韧带损伤的MRI资料,所有病例均行常规MRI扫描,对疑有前交叉韧带损伤的患者,加扫斜矢状位T_2WI像,对疑有胫侧副韧带损伤的患者加扫冠状脂肪抑制T_2WI像. 结果 32例膝关节中MR诊断韧带损伤共36条,其中前交叉韧带损伤16条,后交叉韧带损伤14条,胫侧副韧带损伤5条,腓侧副韧带损伤1条.韧带损伤包括韧带完全撕裂和部分撕裂. 结论 MRI 是理想的诊断膝关节韧带损伤的无创性检查方法.     

膝关节半月板及其损伤的MRI研究

目的　研究正常和损伤的膝关节半月板的MRI表现。方法　对经手术、关节镜或临床证实的 2 6例共 3 2个损伤的半月板与 15例正常的膝关节半月板进行回顾性MRI对比观察。结果　显示正常膝关节半月板在T1WI和T2 WI上均呈三角形低信号。 3 2个损伤的半月板 ,其中内侧损伤 15个 ,外侧损伤 11个 ,两侧半月板同时损伤 3例 6个 ,将 3 2个损伤的半月板按Stoller的 4级分法分类 ,其中 0级 0个 ,I级 6个 ,Ⅱ级 12个 ,Ⅲ级 14个。 18例出现并发症 ,其中合并半月板囊肿 6例 ,内侧副韧带损伤 10例 ,外侧副韧带损伤 9例 ,前交叉韧带损伤 7例 ,后交叉韧带损伤 6例 ,骨挫伤 8例 ,骨折 5例 ,关节囊积液 11例 ,膝关节周围软组织内瘀血 6例。结论　MRI能够清晰显示膝关节半月板的解剖结构 ,能准确诊断半月板的损伤并进行分级 ,还能发现多种并发症。     

膝关节损伤的MRI诊断价值

目的：探讨MRI在膝关节损伤中的诊断价值。方法对20例经X线平片检查诊断为阴性而行MRI检查的病例进行了回顾性分析。结果：半月板损伤者12例。其中内侧半月板损伤者7例，外侧半月板损伤者5例；交叉韧带损伤者8例，其中前交叉韧带损伤者6例。后交叉韧带损伤者2例；侧副韧带损伤者6例，其中胫侧副韧带损伤者4例。腓侧副韧带损伤者2例。骨挫伤及软骨损伤者5例。合并滑膜水肿、出血、增厚、关节囊积液及周围肌肉软组织肿胀、出血者8例。结论MRI是诊断膝关节损伤最理想的检查方法。     

膝关节半月板损伤的MRI诊断

目的 回顾性研究膝关节半月板不同程度损伤的MRI表现。方法 对手术或临床证实的20例共31个损伤的半月板进行回顾性MRI分析。结果 在20例40个半月板中有31个损伤的半月板，其中单纯内侧损伤4个，单纯外侧损伤3个，两侧半月板同时损伤12例24个。将31个损伤的半月板按Stoller的4级分法分类，其中0级0个，Ⅰ级7个，Ⅱ级11个，Ⅲ级13个。17例出现并发症，其中半月板囊肿1例，内侧副韧带损伤3例，外侧副韧带损伤1例，前后交叉韧带同时损伤2例，内外侧副韧带前后十字交叉韧带同时损伤2例，骨折3例，关节囊积液17例。结论 MRI是一种无创伤性的能准确诊断半月板损伤并进行分级，还能发现多种并发症的成像方法。     

膝关节损伤核磁共振成像诊断分析

目的探讨G-SCAN检查对膝关节损伤的诊断价值。方法 120例膝关节损伤,采用G-SCAN（0.25T可旋转式核磁共振成像仪）膝关节表面线圈检查,分别采用自旋回波序列、梯度回波序列、脂肪抑制序列,做矢状位、冠状位及横断位扫描。结果 G-SCAN可以清楚显示膝关节半月板、韧带及骨挫伤。本组120例病例中,半月板损伤95例,其中单纯外侧半月板损伤63例,单纯内侧半月板损伤8例,内、外侧半月板同时损伤24例;韧带损伤85例,其中前交叉韧带损伤68例,后交叉韧带损伤19例,胫侧副韧带损伤65例,腓侧副韧带损伤5例;骨挫伤35例,其中单纯胫骨挫伤22例,单纯股骨挫伤5例,胫骨及股骨同时挫伤8例。结论 G-SCAN是诊断膝关节结构损伤的最佳检查方法之一,可为临床医生选择合适的治疗方法提供依据,具有重要的临床价值。     

膝关节韧带损伤的MRI诊断

目的 评价MRI对膝关节韧带损伤的诊断价值。资料与方法 66例共70个膝关节，采用膝关节专用正交线圈。SE序列。T1WI，T2WI，行冠状位和矢状位扫描。结果 70个膝关节累及73侧侧副韧带。26例十字交叉韧带，根据韧带损伤程度和MRI表现分为轻，中，重3度。结论 MR能准确诊断膝关节韧带损伤，并能发现诸多并发症，是膝关节韧带损伤最佳的检查手段之一。     

膝关节韧带损伤的MRI诊断价值

目的:探讨膝关节韧带损伤的MRI表现特点。方法:回顾性分析50例损伤的膝关节韧带的MRI表现。结果:本组50例87根韧带损伤,其中前交叉韧带15根(17.2%),后交叉韧带18根(26.7%),外侧副韧带15根(17.2%),内侧副韧带39根(44.8%)。50例中复合韧带损伤16例37根,其中前交叉+后交叉+外侧副韧带3例9根,前交叉+后交叉+内侧副韧带2例6根,前交叉+内侧副韧带3例6根,后交叉+内侧副韧带3例6根,后交叉+外侧副韧带3例6根,前交叉+外侧副韧带2例4根。单一韧带损伤34例50根,其中前交叉韧带5根,后交叉韧带7根,外侧副韧带7根,内侧副韧带31根。韧带完全横断撕裂7根,其中前交叉韧带1根,后交叉韧带2根,内侧副韧带3根,外侧副韧带1根。87根中部分纵行撕裂80根;7根完全断裂中3根交叉韧带MRI表现为韧带的连续性中断,断端回缩,局部或弥漫性肿胀,PDWI上呈中等信号,T2WI和脂肪抑制序列呈高信号;4根侧副韧带MRI表现为韧带连续性中断或韧带肿胀增粗,PDWI上呈中等信号,T2WI和脂肪抑制序列呈高信号。80根部分纵行撕裂MRI表现为韧带连续性完整,韧带增粗,PD-WI上呈中等信号,T2WI和脂肪抑制序列呈高信号。经手术关节镜检查21例33根,与MRI诊断相符31根,不符合2根,符合率为93.9%。54根经保守治疗后30~40天MRI复查见韧带原异常高信号而恢复至正常低信号,韧带形态类似正常,33根经关节镜下行韧带重建修复术,30~40天MR复查见原异常高信号而恢复至正常低信号,但局部成角或形态仍不规则。结论:MRI对软组织有极高的分辨率,不仅能较清楚显示膝关节韧带损伤,并能显示半月板损伤和骨挫伤,具有较高的实用价值。     

踝关节侧副韧带损伤的超声表现

目的 分析踝关节侧副韧带损伤的超声图像特征并评价其诊断价值。方法 采用7～13MHz线阵探头探查136例临床怀疑踝关节侧副韧带损伤患者，观察胫舟、胫距前、胫跟、距腓前、跟腓、胫距后、距腓后韧带，共计952条韧带，其中，51例的超声结果与手术比较。结果 46例侧副韧带完全及部分撕裂伤的超声诊断与手术结果符合。侧副韧带挫伤以肿胀为主，部分撕裂伤超声表现为韧带局部连续性中断（跟腓韧带）和不规则低-无回声区内见丝状结构相连，完全撕裂伤超声表现为韧带连续性中断，断端挛缩（跟腓韧带）和不规则低-无回声区贯穿整条韧带，无明显断端挛缩征。结论 高频超声对踝关节侧副韧带损伤的诊断无创、较准确、廉价，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

军事训练膝关节不同应力性损伤的高场MRI表现

目的探讨军事训练膝关节不同应力性损伤的特点、生物力学特征及其高场MRI表现。方法回顾性分析我院2010年12月—2012年12月军事训练膝关节应力性损伤患者的MRI资料共102个膝关节,根据应力性质及应力作用的特点、组织损伤部位及特点,对每一个膝关节的MRI资料进行分析。结果 102个膝关节中,股骨远端38例,胫骨近端42例,前交叉韧带98例,后交叉韧带31例,内侧副韧带34例,外侧副韧带24例,关节腔积液76例,内侧半月板18例,外侧半月板11例,5例为单纯型损伤,97例为复合型损伤。交变应力性损伤时MRI可见骨髓腔内线状、斑片状长T1长T2信号影;拉应力性损伤时MRI可见与骨干平行的软组织异常信号,骨髓腔内片状异常信号,有骨折时骨髓腔锯齿状、斜行或横行的长T1短T2信号影;压应力性损伤时MRI可见胫骨平台的骨髓水肿、压缩骨折、半月板损伤和软组织损伤;剪切应力性损伤时MRI可见交叉韧带、侧副韧带、半月板、股骨髁或胫骨平台的异常信号。结论军事训练膝关节应力性损伤的程度与军事活动的频度、强度和训练科目有关,军事训练膝关节所遭受的应力作用不是单一的,而是几种应力的共同作用,MRI能敏感地发现不同应力所致的组织损伤特点,对膝关节应力性损伤各期的评价和诊断具有明显的优势,能为军事训练应力性损伤的预防和早期干预提供借鉴。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）