降钙素防治骨质疏松模型兔的人工假体无菌性松动的实验研究

[目的]探讨降钙素对已行人工假体植入骨质疏松模型免的假体无菌性松动防治作用的实验研究。[方法]将30只假体植入模型的骨质疏松症兔随机分成实验组和对照组，各15只。实验组给予鲑鱼降钙素治疗（6U／kg，肌注，隔日1次），而对照组给予等量的生理盐水肌注，持续治疗半年。两组均分别于术前、术后4、8、12和24周检测假体周围感应区（ROI）骨密度（BMD）；于术前及术后4、12、24周行血清骨代谢指标检测：骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、骨钙素（BGP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b（TRAP-5b）；所有动物于术后24周处死，分别行假体拔出实验与扭转实验测定和假体周围骨组织形态计量学分析。[结果]术后24周，实验组假体周围局部感兴趣区BMD增加近5％，而对照组假体周围局部感兴趣区BMD下降了6％，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；骨代谢指标中，术后24周实验组的BALP、BGP稍有下降，但组内无显著性差异（P〉0．05），而TRAP-5b有明显下降（P〈0．05），这些指标与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；生物力学检测显示，实验组的假体拔出实验较对照组提高了约50％，扭转实验提高近1倍，且两组比较差异显著（P〈0．01）；骨组织形态计量学显示，实验组中反映骨吸收的Oc．No／Tb．Pm、ES／BS明显减少；反映骨量和微结构的％Tb．Ar、Tb．N明显增多，而Tb．Sp明显变窄：反映骨形成与骨矿化的OS／BS、MAR、BFR／TV及％L．Pm也均明显增多；这些指标与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。[结论]鲑鱼降钙素能明显减少人工假体周围骨量的丢失和抑制骨溶解；并加快假体周围的骨形成，提高骨密度，促进生理性骨矿化；还能改善骨质量，促进骨微结构改变，提高骨的生物力学特性并增加假体四周的支撑力。其对骨质疏松症兔的假体松动有明显的预防和治疗作用。这对临床预防和治疗人工关节的无菌性松动有很好的指导意义。     

鲑鱼降钙素联合葡萄糖酸钙对老年性骨质疏松骨代谢指标的影响

目的 探讨鲑鱼降钙素联合葡萄糖酸钙对老年性骨质疏松骨代谢指标的影响.方法 105例老年性骨质疏松患者随机分为两组:鲑鱼降钙素组56例,给予鲑鱼降钙素和葡萄糖酸钙治疗;对照组49例,单纯给予葡萄糖酸钙治疗.治疗24周后比较治疗前后血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP)、骨钙素(BGP)及尿中钙/肌酐比值和骨密度的变化.结果 治疗24周后,鲑鱼降钙素组血清骨钙素和骨密度均明显升高(P<0.05),血B-ALP和尿钙/肌酐比值均显著下降(P<0.01),对照组均无显著改变.两组血ALP、钙、磷浓度无显著改变(P>0.05).结论 鲑鱼降钙素联合葡萄糖酸钙疗法治疗老年性骨质疏松、改善骨代谢优于单纯葡萄糖酸钙疗法;联合治疗能改善老年性骨质疏松骨代谢异常,影响骨矿化,促进骨形成.     

老年女性人工股骨头置换术后不同抗骨质疏松方法的疗效比较

目的比较老年骨质疏松女性股骨颈骨折人工股骨头置换术后鲑鱼降钙素及阿仑膦酸盐抗骨质疏松治疗的效果。方法63例老年女性股骨颈骨折患者行人工股骨头置换术,随机分为三组,每组21例:治疗组和联合组分别予阿仑膦酸盐或联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗,空白对照组未行抗骨质疏松治疗。比较三组术后髋部周围早期止痛效果及远期髋部假体松动率。结果术后2周,联合组VAS评分为2.9±1.1,明显低于治疗组的5.5±1.7及对照组的6.3±2.7(P0.05);术后8周时三组间VAS评分无显著差异(P0.05)。治疗组与联合组远期假体松动率比较无显著差异(4.8%vs.4.8%,P0.05),但均明显低于空白对照组的38.1%(P0.05)。结论对于骨质疏松的股骨颈骨折人工股骨头置换术患者,术后予鲑鱼降钙素、阿仑膦酸盐抗骨质疏松治疗可早期缓解疼痛,显著降低术后远期假体松动率。     

鲑鱼降钙素对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影响

目的　探讨鲑鱼降钙素 (密盖息 )对骨质疏松大鼠胫骨骨折愈合的影响。方法　Wis tar雌性大鼠卵巢摘除后 3个月开始制作左胫骨中段骨折模型 ,从术前 1周至术后 8周 ,连续每天皮下注射密盖息 2IU/kg。分别于术后 2 ,4,8周行X片检查和骨折处骨痂的组织学检查。 9周后检测腰椎和左侧胫骨中段的BMD、左胫骨扭转实验、腰椎体生物力学凹入实验。观察鲑鱼降钙对骨折愈合的影响 ,并和卵巢摘除组、雌激素注射组及假手术对照组进行比较。结果　密盖息组治疗 9周后BMD值明显升高 (P <0 0 5) ,骨折局部BMD明显高于治疗前 (P <0 0 5)。X片及组织学检查提示密盖息组比骨质疏松组的骨痂量多 ,愈合时间提前。密盖息组的凹入力和凹入应力明显高于骨质疏松组 (P <0 0 5) ,最大扭矩、剪切应力明显高于骨质疏松组 (P <0 0 5)。结论　鲑鱼降钙素能减少骨量丢失 ,促进矿化 ,加快骨痂的形成 ,促进骨折愈合 ,同时能提高骨生物力学特性和抗骨折能力     

胶东半岛老年性骨质疏松症骨代谢生化指标 与骨密度相关性研究

目的 研究胶东半岛老年性骨质疏松症(OP)患者骨代谢生化指标与骨密度(BMD)的相关关系,探讨骨代谢生化指标对早期诊断OP的临床意义.方法 采用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)对胶东半岛沿海地区多中心多阶段整群抽样297名40～89岁居民进行腰椎(L2-4)BMD测量.采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)分别测定血抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP-5b)、I型胶原C端肽(CTX)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶 (BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、降钙素(CT)、25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]以及血钙(Ca)和磷(P)并进行比较,应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 OP患者各部位BMD明显低于正常组(均P<0.01).老年男性BMD与骨形成和骨吸收指标呈现降低趋势.其中,OP组较对照组BGP、TRAP-5b和25(OH)D明显下降(P<0.05),而血CTX和BALP较对照组升高.老年女性血TRAP-5b、CTX、BALP和 BGP在OP组显著升高(均P<0.01),而CT和25(OH)D明显降低.各组研究对象骨代谢生化标志物均有统计学意义.结论 骨代谢生物指标作为OP的监测指标,比BMD更加灵敏、特异.能够早期反映患者骨代谢水平,对指导OP的早期预防及治疗有重要意义.     

骨水泥型Ⅰ期全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨质丢失的早期研究

[目的]研究人工全髋关节置换术(THR)后假体周围的骨质丢失及假体松动的防治方法。[结果]89例骨水泥型Ⅰ期全髋关节置换的患者,分成2组,观察组47例,术后每日服用阿仑膦酸钠10 mg+钙剂600 mg;对照组42例,术后每天服用600 mg钙剂。随访12个月,测定假体周围骨矿密度及骨代谢生化指标。[结果]假体周围相同区域BMD降低不明显或升高。在股骨近端(prRO I),对照组的BMD平均降低(21.2±5.2)%,而观察组平均升高(4.2±2.6)%(P<0.05)。在随访期末两组间全假体周围(totRO I)平均BMD对照组下降了(12.1±6.2)%,而观察组升高了(2.6±1.4)%,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组BGP明显升高(P<0.05),而对照组ACP升高(P<0.05)。[结论]阿伦膦酸钠可明显降低骨水泥型Ⅰ期全髋置换术后骨质丢失,改善骨骼对假体的支撑作用,可能会预防或延缓假体松动。     

阿仑膦酸钠预防非骨水泥型假体周围早期骨丢失的临床研究

目的 探讨阿仑膦酸盐对非骨水泥型人工假体周围早期骨量的影响.方法 50例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,术后1周对照组予以口服钙尔奇D1片,治疗组予以固邦10mg＋钙尔奇D片.连续服用3周.休息2周.5周为1疗程,连续5个疗程.分别于术后7天、3个月、6个月行假体周围骨密度（DEXA）检测.结果 50例病例中,45例获得完整随访.术后3个月、6个月假体周围骨量（ROI1区和ROI7区）对照组与治疗组相比有显著性差异（P＜0.01）.结论 阿仑膦酸钠能有效预防假体周围早期骨量减少.     

骨质疏松症骨代谢生化指标与骨密度测量分析

目的为使骨质疏松症的治疗更加个体化，更具针对性。希望在骨代谢水平上对骨质疏松症患者进行深一步的分型，并能指导临床用药。方法观察住院和门诊骨质疏松症患者65例，空腹采血测骨钙素(BGP)、骨碱磷酶(B—ALP)、Ⅰ-型胶原C-末端(CTX)。骨密度(BMD)用美国NOLAND双能X线骨密度仪测定；应用积水潭医院软件分析，BMD≤-2．0SD诊断为骨质疏松症，排除继发性骨质疏松症。正常对照组选用健康体检者27例，检查项目同骨质疏松疗组。结果骨质疏松症患者各部位BMD明显低于正常组，血BGP明显比正常对照组升高，CTX，B—ALP与正常组无明显差别。而骨质疏松症患者血生化指标中，仅B—ALP与股骨颈和Ward三角区的BMD密切相关，CTX、BGP与各部位BMD无明显相关性。70岁以上患者B—ALP与股骨颈和Ward三角区BMD呈负相关；其中男患者CTX与股骨颈和大转子BMD呈正相关，B—ALP与Ward三角区BMD呈正相关；女性BMDB—ALP与Ward三角区BMD呈负相关。CTX仅在正常组与Ward三角区BMD相关。结论虽然骨代谢生化指标是用于评估骨转换率有效的方法，与BMD测定相结合能全面合理评价骨转换，有利于骨质疏松症的个体化治疗；但在骨质疏松症BMD和正常人之间血清中各项骨代谢生化指标有很多重叠，无法用这些指标来做骨质疏松症的诊断和分型，仅可用作治疗结果观察。     

阿仑膦酸钠和鲑鱼降钙素对骨质疏松骨床中假体骨整合影响的对比研究

目的探讨阿仑膦酸钠(ALO)和鲑鱼降钙素(CT)两种药物促进假体骨整合作用效果的差异,为临床药物的选择应用提供参考。方法将40只雌性SD大鼠随机分为四组(A,B,C,D组),每组10只。切除B、C、D组大鼠卵巢建立骨质疏松(OP)模型(骨密度降幅20%),A组行假手术做为对照。随后在大鼠的胫骨平台植入羟基磷灰石假体,术后C、D组分别给予皮下注射CT(5IU/kg/d)和口服ALO(7mg/kg/w)各12周,A、B组做药物干预的对照组。所有大鼠在处死前,行体内荧光染色。处死后取带假体的胫骨制备成薄片,运用骨组织计量学检测手段,观察假体周围的骨量和测量假体的骨结合率。结果(1)ALO和CT两者均能促进假体周围成骨,增加骨量,显著提高骨-假体界面骨结合率至63.7%和45.7%,较OVX组骨整合比率分别提高近1～2倍,但阿仑膦酸钠促进假体周围成骨与促进骨整合较鲑鱼降钙素作用更为显著(P0.05),骨结合率增加18%;(2)阿仑膦酸钠和鲑鱼降钙素组大鼠腰椎BMD均提高,分别从(0.081±0.009)g/cm2和(0.078±0.009)g/cm2提至(0.116±0.008)g/cm2和(0.109±0.010)g/cm2。而且,阿仑膦酸钠的效果较降钙素更为明显。结论骨质疏松条件下,全身给予阿仑膦酸钠和鲑鱼降钙素均可增强假体周围成骨及骨量,有效促进假体的骨整合,但与鲑鱼降钙素相比,阿仑膦酸钠作用更为明显。     

人工全髋关节置换术对骨质疏松症患者骨密度的影响

目的探讨混合型与生物型人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）对老年骨质疏松症患者骨密度的影响。方法选取老年股骨头无菌性坏死需行THA患者68例,随机分为混合型组与生物型组,每组各34例。混合型组选用混合型假体,Palacos抗生素骨水泥固定股骨柄假体,髋臼假体采用非骨水泥固定;生物型THA组选用Depuy公司人工关节。术后1、3、6、12个月及2年时患者来院复诊测定骨密度（bone densitometry,BMD）,将假体分7个测量兴趣区（region of interest,ROI）。结果两组各测量兴趣区主要数据从术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月递减,以术后6个月或术后12个月降至最低,至术后2年又呈现升高趋势;在假体周围,ROI4BMD值最高,ROI7、ROI1BMD值最低。且两组术后BMD变化及趋势,以及各测量兴趣区BMD值比较,均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论混合型与生物型THA术对老年骨质疏松症患者骨密度可能不具有差异性的影响,术后至6个月或12个月内BMD值呈逐渐降低的趋势,2年后又逐渐升高,但骨质疏松性质未发生改变。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.