上胸段硬膜外阻滞应用罗哌卡因3.75 g·L-1对肺通气功能的影响

目的探讨乳腺手术选用3.75 g*L-1罗哌卡因行上胸段硬膜外阻滞的效果及其对肺通气功能的影响. 方法选择乳腺肿瘤根治术患者35例,T2～3椎间隙穿刺行连续硬膜外阻滞,给予10 g*L-1利多卡因5 mL作为试验量,随后按应用局麻药不同随机分为B组(2.5 g*L-1布比卡因)和R组(3.75 g*L-1罗哌卡因),观察吸空气或吸氧下循环、麻醉效果和动脉血气的变化. 结果两组麻醉效果、局麻药的容量和脊神经阻滞数相仿;HR,SBP,RR和SpO2变化趋势基本一致;两组麻醉下吸空气的血气分析诸指标与基础值无明显差异,吸氧下PaO2,SaO2和PAO2均明显较基础值增高( P <0.05). 结论清醒状态下3.75 g*L-1罗哌卡因行上胸段硬膜外阻滞, 可避免对肺通气功能影响, 能安全、有效地用于乳腺手术患者麻醉.     

腹部手术后不同镇痛方法的镇痛效果及对儿茶酚胺的影响

目的 :观察腹部手术后不同镇痛方法的镇痛效果及对儿茶酚胺的影响。方法 :4 2例选择性开腹手术患者 ,随机分为 5组 ,罗哌卡因芬太尼 (ropivacainefentanyl,RF)、布比卡因芬太尼 (bupivacainefentanyl,BF)、布比卡因吗啡 (bupivacainemorphine,BM )组术中 1.2g·L-1硬膜外复合全麻 ,术后持续硬膜外镇痛 ,镇痛药物分别为 1.2g·L-1罗哌卡因 + 2mg·L-1芬太尼、1.2g·L-1布比卡因 + 2mg·L-1芬太尼、1.2g·L-1布比卡因 + 80mg·L-1吗啡 ;EM组术中硬膜外复合全麻 ,术后持续静脉吗啡 0 .5 g·L-1镇痛 ;静脉吗啡 (intravenousmorphine,M )组术中单纯全麻 ,术后持续静脉吗啡 0 .5g·L-1镇痛。记录镇痛效果 ,测定麻醉前、术后 1h、术后 2 4h血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素水平。结果 :各组均可获得有效的镇痛效果。VAS评分BM组、M组显著低于RF组 ,VRS评分BM组明显高于RF、EM、M组。BM、M、EM组副作用较多 ,M组恶心发生率最高 (5例 )。术后 1hBM组肾上腺素显著低于BF组 ,EM组去甲肾上腺素明显低于RF组。术后 2 4hM组肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素均高于术前。结论 :目前常用的硬膜外或静脉病人自控镇痛方法都有明确的镇痛效果 ,术中复合硬膜外阻滞或术后硬膜外镇痛可以显著减轻术后应激反应的程度 ,是更有效的术后镇痛方法     

美蓝肋间神经阻滞用于开胸手术超前镇痛

目的　探讨开胸手术用美蓝肋间神经阻滞超前镇痛与硬膜外吗啡镇痛效果 .方法　择期开胸手术 30例 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 10例 .A组为对照组 ,术后以传统方法间断 im镇痛药 ;B组开胸前以 10 g· L- 1 美蓝 2 m L +3.75 g· L- 1 布比卡因 10 m L 手术区肋间神经阻滞 ;C组手术后经硬膜外腔注入 3.75 g· L- 1布比卡因 5 m L+吗啡 2 m g.观察术后 48h内 3组患者使用镇痛药次数及镇痛维持时间 ;术后 8,2 4及 48h视觉模拟疼痛评分 (VAS)及副作用 .结果　 B和 C组给镇痛药次数明显少于 A组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;镇痛维持时间 :B(38±16 ) h>C (2 0± 13) h>A (5± 5 ) h (P<0 .0 5 ) ;术后 2 4h内B和 C组疼痛明显轻于 A组 ,48h时 B组疼痛明显轻于 A和C组 (P<0 .0 5 ) .结论　用美蓝行肋间神经阻滞具有止痛确切、维持时间长、经济、简便、副作用小等优点 ,可安全、有效地用于开胸手术超前镇痛     

小剂量布比卡因腰麻在腹膜外剖宫产手术中的临床观察

目的 :观察小剂量布比卡因腰麻对腹膜外剖宫产手术麻醉的可行性、产妇血流动力学和新生儿Apgar评分的影响 .方法 :选择行腹膜外剖宫产手术的产妇 2 0 0名 ,随机均分为两组 ,每组 10 0名 .布比卡因腰麻组 (spinalanesthesiawithbupivacaine ,SA) :在腰 2～ 3间隙穿刺 ,以重比重 (含葡萄糖 8g·L-1)布比卡因 0 12mg·kg-1进行腰麻 .硬膜外腔麻醉组(epiduralanesthesia,EA) :在腰 1～ 2间隙穿刺 ,以 2 0 0 g·L-1盐酸利多卡因和 7 5 g·L-1盐酸布比卡因进行麻醉维持 .观察两组产妇的血流动力学变化、新生儿apgar评分及腰麻后并发症的发生情况 ,比较两组麻醉的起效时间、胎儿剖出时间、局麻药用量和术后产妇麻醉恢复时间 .结果 :SA组产妇的麻醉起效快 (P <0 0 1) ,胎儿剖出时间快 (P <0 0 5 ) ,局麻药用量小 (P <0 0 0 1) ,且腰麻后并发症较少 ,显著优于EA组 .两组产妇的血流动力学变化、产妇术后麻醉恢复时间和新生儿的apgar评分基本相似 (P >0 0 5 ) .结论 :小剂量布比卡因腰麻用于腹膜外剖宫产手术麻醉是安全可行的 ,具有较高的临床应用价值     

联合恩丹西酮和氟哌利多预防术后恶心呕吐

1　对象和方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级连续硬膜外麻醉下择期手术患者 80例 ,所有患者术前均无明显胃肠功能异常和恶心呕吐症状 .依手术部位选择相应的椎间隙行硬膜外腔穿刺 ,置管 .应用 2 0g·L-1利多卡因或 7.5g·L-1比卡因维持满意的阻滞平面 .将患者随机分为 4组 ,每组 2 0例 .O组为恩丹西酮 4mg;D组为氟哌利多 2 .5mg ;C组为恩丹西酮 4mg联合氟哌利多 2 .5mg ;P组为生理盐水空白对照组 .所有止吐药均于术前 30min静脉注入 ,术后常规芬太尼静脉PCA镇痛 ,且患者均输注了甲硝唑 .分别记录术后 6 ,12 ,2 4h的恶心呕吐的评分 ,止吐作用分为 :…     

全麻并胸段硬膜外阻滞开胸手术患者血糖、胰岛素、血皮质醇的水平

目的　通过检测单纯全麻或全麻并胸段硬膜阻滞开胸手术患者的血糖、血清皮质醇、胰岛素浓度及观察血流动力学的变化 ,比较两种麻醉方法对抑制手术时应激反应的差异 .方法　将 2 0例 ASA ～ 级开胸手术患者随机分为两组(n=10 ) :G组按照常规方法诱导后进行气管内插管全麻 ,术中静吸复合维持麻醉 ;G+C组先行胸 6～ 7椎间隙硬膜外穿刺置管后再行气管内插管全麻 ,在静吸复合全麻的同时硬膜外腔给予 3.75 g· L- 1 布比卡因 .分别在麻醉前、切皮后 10min、胸腔探查 ,关胸时 4个时间点记录血流动力学变化并采静脉血测定血清皮质醇、胰岛素、血糖纪录 .结果　 G组皮质醇在切皮 2 5 1.4± 18.2 ,探查 2 6 0 .5± 139.7及关胸时 2 71.6± 133.3均高于 G+C组 182 .6± 83.5 ,188.6± 10 3.3和2 6 3.0± 86 .9(P<0 .0 5 ) ;胰岛素仅在关胸时 G组 18.1± 13.7高于 G+C组 12 .6± 4 .6 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;血糖值 G组在胸腔探查6 .7± 0 .8,关胸时 8.8± 1.1比 G+C组 6 .5± 1.2及 8.0±1.1高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;SBP G组切皮时 17.1± 1.4、探查时 16 .4±2 .5比 G+C组同一时点 14 .8± 2 .1及 12 .9± 1.8高 (P<0 .0 5 ) .结论　开胸手术时使用全麻加硬膜外阻滞能有效的抑制手术引起的应激反应 ,使患者在术中更为安全平稳 ,麻     

地塞米松降低腰部硬膜外麻醉腰背痛

目的　对比观察术前、术毕硬膜外腔地塞米松对腰部硬膜外麻醉腰背痛的预防效果 .方法　选择 ASA ～ 级在腰部硬膜外麻醉下手术患者 12 0 0例 ,均分为 4组 ,硬膜外腔首次量均为 19m L 利多卡因复合液 .组 ∶ 2 0 g· L- 1 利多卡因 18m L和 9g· L- 1氯化钠注射液 1m L;组 :同组 ,同时静注地塞米松 (Dexa) 1m L(5 mg) ;组 :2 0 g· L- 1 利多卡因 18m L加 Dexa 1m L (5 m g) ;组 :同组 ,但于术毕硬膜外腔注入 7.5 g· L- 1 丁哌卡因 5 m L 加 Dexa1m L(5 mg) .此后全组患者按手术需要硬膜外腔注入 5 g· L- 1 丁哌卡因5～ 8m L.结果　术后前 3d组 , , 和 腰背痛发生率分别为 2 4.7% ,2 3.3% ,8%和 8.7% .组 和组 腰背痛发生率明显多于组 和组 (P<0 .0 1) ,且疼痛程度明显重于后两组 ,组 和组 或组 和组 间无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .组 ,组 硬膜外穿刺次数与术后腰背痛明显正相关 (P<0 .0 1) ;组 ,组 腰背痛发生率及硬膜外穿刺次数与腰背痛无明显关系 (P>0 .0 5 ) .结论　硬膜外腔地塞米松有效预防腰部硬膜外麻醉后腰背痛 ,其疗效不受注药时机的影响 .     

罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞在乳腺手术中的应用

罗哌卡因是一种新型、长效、主要以感觉神经阻滞为主的局麻药。 2 0 0 0年 10～ 12月 ,我们分别应用 0 5 %和0 75 %的罗哌卡因行硬膜外阻滞麻醉 ,为 10例乳腺疾病患者进行手术 ,取得了较为满意的麻醉效果 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法10例择期女性乳腺手术病人 ,年龄 2 6～ 70岁 ,平均(45 1± 14 9)岁 ,体重 4 5～ 6 5ｋｇ ,按手术发生时间顺序 ,分别应用 0 5 %和 0 75 %的罗哌卡因行上胸段硬膜外阻滞麻醉。 0 5 %罗哌卡因组 (Ⅰ组 )中 5例病人均为乳腺癌 ,4例行单侧乳腺癌根治手术 ,1例行单纯乳腺切除术。 0 75 %罗哌卡因组 (Ⅱ组 )…     

纳络酮对硬膜外泵注芬太尼所致阿片类副反应的影响

目的　评估低浓度纳络酮对患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)引起阿片类药副反应的影响 .方法　选在腰麻和硬膜外联合麻醉下行全子宫切除术后患者 15 0例 ,ASA ～ 级 ,随机分成 3组行 PCEA.A组 :芬太尼 (4 mg· L- 1 ) +布吡卡因 (0 .5 g· L- 1 ) +肾上腺素 (2 mg· L- 1 ) .B组 :A组 + (4mg· L- 1 )纳络酮 .C组 :A组 + (6 m g· L- 1 )纳络酮 .定时记录视觉模拟疼痛评分 (VAS) ,芬太尼用量 ,恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒发生率及评分 .结果　 3组芬太尼用量约为 0 .30 μg· kg- 1· h- 1 ,B,C两组纳络酮用量分别为 (0 .30± 0 .12 ) μg· kg- 1·h- 1 和 (0 .45± 0 .19)μg· kg- 1 · h- 1 ,2 4h内两种剂量纳络酮均可降低阿片类药副反应恶心、呕吐和皮肤瘙痒的发生率及评分 (P<0 .0 1) ,3组 2 4h内 VAS及芬太尼的用量相似 .结论　 PCEA泵注芬太尼与布吡卡因 ,伍用纳络酮 (0 .3～0 .45μg· kg- 1 · h- 1 )既保证镇痛质量 ,又明显降低阿片类副反应发生率及评分     

神经刺激与异感两种定位方法对腋路臂丛多点阻滞效果的比较

目的 :比较异感定位或神经刺激定位对腋路臂丛多点注射阻滞的起效时间、成功率以及并发症 .方法 :以神经刺激定位法 (PNS)或诱发异感法 (PAR)定位臂丛神经主支 ,于各点分别注入 8mL 2 0g·L-1利多卡因和 7.5g·L-1布比卡因合剂 ,观察和记录阻滞操作时间 ,阻滞起效时间 ,可行手术时间及总的麻醉时间 .结果 :PNS组各项时间均明显短于PAR组 .PNS组的完全阻滞发生率较PAR组高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,这与其桡神经与肌皮神经的阻滞成功率高相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) .PAR组的静脉误伤率较高 (P <0 .0 5 ) .结论 :PNS较PAR成功率更高 ,阻滞出现更快 ,特别当手术区包括桡神经及肌皮神经支配区时应选神经刺激法     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.