丝裂霉素C在眼压失控病例的应用

一、材料与方法1.病例情况 :取 1999年 5月至 2 0 0 0年 2月做过青光眼滤过手术并出现明显瘢痕化或同时伴有眼压升高的病例 2 2例 (2 2眼 ) ,男 5例 ,女 17例 ,平均年龄 6 0 .1岁 (46～ 74岁 ) ,原发性急性闭角型青光眼 11眼 ,原发性慢性闭角型青光眼 7眼 ,原发性开角型青光眼 3眼 ,色素膜炎继发青光眼 1眼。对全部病例检查结膜切口愈合情况、滤过泡形态、角膜、前房、虹膜、晶状体 ,并测眼压、视野检查。术前眼压平常为 39.96±2 .0 6 m m Hg,术后随访 3～ 9个月 ,平均 5个月。2 .手术方法 :全部病例选用小梁切除联合应用丝裂霉素C,手术部…     

青年原发性闭角型青光眼的临床特征

目的分析青年原发性闭角型青光眼患者的临床特点及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2019年6月山西省眼科医院17~40岁青年原发性闭角型青光眼51例(61眼)的病历资料,随访时间为6个月至2年。结果本研究中男15例(29.41%),女36例(70.59%),男女比例为1∶2.4。包括急性闭角型青光眼21眼(34.43%),慢性闭角型青光眼40眼(65.57%)。急性闭角型青光眼患者术后的视力较慢性闭角性青光眼提高且眼压控制明显。虹膜囊肿和瞳孔阻滞在急性闭角型青光眼中发生率高。晶状体厚度及眼轴长度在急性闭角型青光眼患与慢性闭角型青光眼差异无统计学意义,但前房深度慢性闭角型青光眼患者较浅。46眼(75.41%)行小梁切除术,14眼(22.95%)行抗青光眼联合白内障手术,1眼(1.64%)未行手术。术后并发症有前房积血、低眼压、脉络膜脱离、浅前房及睫状环阻塞性青光眼,多发生在慢性闭角型青光眼术后。结论青年闭角型青光眼因解剖因素在治疗时有其特殊性,急性闭角型青光眼常伴有虹膜囊肿,晶状体比较厚,而慢性闭角型青光眼常因为眼轴短,发病隐匿,术后容易引起并发症,尤其是睫状环阻塞性青光眼,治疗效果较差。     

深层巩膜切除联合现代白内障囊外摘除术

自1987年以来,我们对青光眼伴有成熟期或膨胀期白内障的病例,试行深层巩膜切除联合现代白内障囊外摘除术12例12眼,收效很好,报告如下:临床资料1.一般情况:12例中,男5例5眼,女7例7眼。最小年龄30岁,最大82岁。继发青光眼并发白内障1例,开角青光眼并发白内障1例,慢性闭角型青光眼并发白内障2例,老年性自内障继发急性闭角型青光眼8例。术前矫正视力均低于0.05以下,眼压均高于3.73Kpa。虹膜萎缩、瞳孔散大变形6     

晶状体不全脱位继发急性闭角型青光眼的治疗

晶状体不全脱位所致的急性闭角型青光眼由于发病急、临床症状与原发性急性闭角型青光眼相同,临床检查也有很多相似之处,故易被误诊为原发性急性闭角型青光眼。若按此类青光眼进行治疗,由于晶状体脱位被忽视往往导致术中准备不足、治疗效果不理想。为探讨此类病例的临床特点及安全有效的治疗方法,我们观察了相关患者的治疗情况,现将结果报告如下。资料和方法1.临床资料:收集1998年1月至2004年6月于我院就诊的晶状体不全脱位所致的急性闭角型青光眼患者35例35眼,所有病例均经手术所证实。其中男21例21眼,女14例14眼;年龄35岁～78岁,平均63.2岁…     

青光眼并白内障两种手术方法的比较

1临床资料 青光眼合并白内障患者68例68眼,其中男26例,女42例,年龄56～76(平均66)岁.其中开角型青光眼23例,慢性闭角型青光眼24例,急性闭角性青光眼21例,手术前视力:光感26例,手动21例,指数21例;术前眼压平均24.35mmHg.将以上患者随机分成两组,小切口34例(34眼),行小梁切除术联合小切口白内障摘除术,超声乳化组34例(34眼)行小梁切除术联合超声乳化白内障摘除术.术前常规白内障摘除术前准备.     

透明质酸钠在小梁切除术中的应用

作者在临床实践中,应用术中小梁切除口注入玻璃酸钠预防小梁切除术后虹膜根切缘前粘连,取得了良好的效果,现报告如下。临床资料:本组病例采取随机分组的方式,分为两组,即玻璃酸钠组、对照组。玻璃酸钠组34例34眼,男15例,女19例,年龄35～77岁,平均年龄556岁;急性闭角型青光眼19例,慢性闭角型青光眼10例,开角型青光眼5例,初诊时平均眼压395ｍｍＨｇ(1ｍｍＨｇ=0.133ｋＰａ)。对照组30例30眼,男12例,女18例,年龄39～70岁,平均年龄562岁;急性闭角型青光眼17例,慢性闭角型青光眼10例,开角型青光眼3例,初诊时平均眼压425ｍｍＨｇ。术前对应病情分…     

青光眼住院病人的构成及变化

目的 :了解青光眼住院病人的内部构成比变化 ,为青光眼的防治研究提供新的流行病学资料。方法 :1996 7～ 2 0 0 2 6期间在本院住院的青光眼患者 5 2 2 2例 ,按出院诊断、性别、年龄分组 ,分析其内部构成及变化趋势。结果 :原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、皮质类固醇性青光眼、先天性青光眼、继发性青光眼各占青光眼总数的5 4 42 %、 2 1 73 %、 3 3 5 %、 6 3 2 %和 14 17%。急性闭角型青光眼的构成比 ( 2 2 5 4% )逐年下降 ,原发性开角型青光眼的构成比则逐年升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在原发性青光眼患者 (包括GIG)中 ,年龄大于 40岁的占 80 97% ,其中闭角型青光眼占82 0 9% ,年龄小于 40岁的 ,开角型青光眼占 89 62 %。闭角型青光眼患者男∶女 =1∶1 5 3 ,开角型青光眼患者男∶女 =2 5 5∶1;皮质类因醇性青光眼患者的年龄主要集中在 10～ 3 0岁 ,占 77 71%。结论 :闭角型青光眼仍然是我国青光眼的主要类型 ,但开角型青光眼的防治研究不能忽视 ,40岁以上的女性人群应特别注意闭角型青光眼的筛查 ,40岁以下的男性群体则是开角型青光眼防治的重点。     

小梁切除联合白内障摘除人工晶体植入术

在眼科临床上常遇到青光眼和白内障同时存在的病例 ,过去一般均采用两步法手术 ,近年来随着显微手术的进展 ,采用小梁切除联合白内障囊外摘除入人工晶体植入三联手术 ,避免了分次手术的弊端。我院自 96年以来对该类患者 15例 ( 15眼 )采用三联手术治疗 ,效果满意 ,现报告如下 :1.一般资料 :本组病人 15例 ( 15眼 )。男 6例 ,女 9例。年龄 5 6～ 78岁 ,平均 65岁。其中膨胀期白内障继发青光眼 3眼 ,急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障 6眼 ,慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障 4眼 ,开角型青光眼合并白内障 2眼。术前视力为光感 8眼 ,眼前手动 3眼 ,眼前指…     

超声乳化后房人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术

我们对23例曾行三联术的青光眼合并白内障患者进行了临床观察,报告如下。 1 资料和方法 1.1 一般资料 青光眼合并白内障患者23例(23眼),男9例(9眼),女14例(14眼)。年龄56～79岁,平均65.6岁。原发性开角型青光眼5眼(21.5％),慢性闭角型青光眼5眼(21.5％),急性闭角型青光眼9眼(39.1％),继发性青光眼4眼(17.3％)。晶体核硬度:Ⅰ～Ⅳ级,术前视力光感至     

原发性青光眼患者确诊途径调查

目的了解何种原因使得原发性青光眼患者到医院就诊,最终青光眼得以诊断。设计以医院为基础的问卷调查。研究对象 287例已确诊为原发性青光眼的连续患者。方法设计一组问题,对本组青光眼患者进行以医院为基础的问卷调查,问卷内容主要包括患者首次被诊断青光眼的医院;患者到眼科寻医的原因;患者求治的主要症状;以及其青光眼被诊断的主要依据。主要指标统计分析患者寻医的主要原因和症状,以及患者所了解的主要诊断依据。结果视力下降(87．7％),眼痛 (80．8％)和眼红是急性闭角型青光眼患者求医的原因。在慢性闭角型青光眼和开角型青光眼,分别有39．7％和46．2％的病例主诉有视力问题,部分患者主诉有眼部症状,但这些症状多与青光眼无关,约25％的患者没有任何症状。71％(205／287)的患者认为眼压升高对青光眼诊断最为关键。在慢性闭角型青光眼和开角型青光眼中,75％的病例在确诊时,至少有1眼已属于青光眼中晚期。结论急性闭角型青光眼因症状明显,常引导患者主动就诊。慢性闭角型青光眼和开角型青光眼早期多无症状,他们得以诊断的原因是因为其他非青光眼症状,或有青光眼家族史而到医院检查,或常规体检发现了青光眼。     

闭角型青光眼行复合式小梁切除术后早期高眼压的原因分析

目的：分析闭角型青光眼患者行复合式小梁切除术后1mo内发生高眼压(>21mmHg)的原因及处理方法。

方法：回顾性研究我院2010-03/2013-03应用复合式小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼术后1mo内高眼压的病例34例38眼,分析其原因,总结处理方法。

结果：导致术后早期高眼压的因素有：恶性青光眼8例9眼,巩膜瓣下血凝块及结缔组织阻塞13例15眼,术后前房积血5例5眼,巩膜瓣内切口被虹膜组织嵌顿3例3眼,术前高眼压持续时间长4例5眼,原因不明1例1眼。经对症治疗后,患者眼压均控制在21mmHg以下。

结论：闭角型青光眼行复合式小梁切除术后早期高眼压是由多因素造成的,早期预防、及时处理是手术成功的关键。     

Angle-closure glaucoma in teenagers

OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of angle-closure glaucoma in 2 teenagers. DESIGN: Observational case reports, review of literature. METHODS: Review of case histories, examinations, biometries, visual fields, and ultrasound biomicroscopy findings in 2 teenagers with angle-closure glaucoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraocular pressure, gonioscopy, Humphrey 24-2 visual field (SITA Standard), and ultrasound biomicroscopy. RESULTS: The first case involved a 15-year-old white male who presented with an intraocular pressure of 60 mm Hg in the right eye and 24 mm Hg in the left eye and 360-degree appositional closure in both eyes. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed prominent bilateral ciliary pigment epithelial cysts pushing the iris anteriorly towards the angle. The second case involved a 14-year-old white male with a strong family history of primary angle-closure glaucoma. The patient had pupillary block and an intraocular pressure of 24 mm Hg in the right eye and 40 mm Hg in the left eye on routine eye examination. Gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed appositional closure of the angle in all 4 quadrants bilaterally. CONCLUSION: Primary angle-closure glaucoma is uncommon in younger individuals. Therefore, the finding of angle-closure glaucoma in a young individual should alert the physician to the possibility of a secondary cause of angle closure, such as iris pigment epithelial cysts. In addition, special attention to family history is important as the configuration of an occludable anterior chamber angle may, in some instances, be inherited.     

The Management of Secondary Glaucoma in Nanophthalmic Patients

Purpose:To investigate the clinical characteristcs,management of secondary glaucoma in nanophthalmos,and the prevention of its compications.Methods:Retrospectively,9 cases(17eyes)with nanophthalmic glaucoma were studied.Results:The axial length of the eyes ranged(14.36-19.33)mm;All of the cases combined with hyperopia ranged( 7.00- 16.00)D.All 17 eyes had the manifestation like angle-closure glaucoma.The glaucoma was controlled in 9 of 17 eyes at the early stage,which underwent laser iridotomy(4 of 9 eyes also underwent laser iridoplasty).1 eye underwent ciliary photocoagulation because its visual acuity was lost and the patient complained of pain.The other 7 eyes underwent filtration surgery and 3 of them had permanent loss of vision caused by disastrous complications after the surgery.Conclusions:Management of secondary glaucoma in nanophthalmos is complicated.The laser iris surgery is safe and effective in glaucoma at the early stage.Vortex vein decompression,sclerotectomy or anterior sclerotomy may be performed to reduce disastrous complications.     

Incidence of secondary glaucoma in behcet disease

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of secondary glaucoma in Behcet disease. METHODS: A total of 230 eyes of 129 patients with Behcet disease, were examined in uveitis and glaucoma clinics of Ankara Social Security Eye Hospital between January 1997 and September 2002. The data from all patients were investigated both retrospectively and prospectively. RESULTS: The mean age of 129 patients was 34.2 +/- 7.4 years (range, 18 to 55 years). In 22 patients (17%), the disease was diagnosed on the basis of the ocular findings, while in the remaining 107 patients (83%), the period between the diagnosis of Behcet disease and the onset of the ocular symptoms was 23.3 +/- 17 months (range, 1 month to 5.3 years); 122 eyes (53%) had the episodes of acute recurrent iridocyclitis, while 108 eyes (47%) developed chronic posterior uveitis, including vitreitis, retinitis, vasculitis, or optic nerve involvement. Secondary glaucoma was diagnosed in 25 eyes (10.9%); 11 eyes (44%) with steroid or inflammation induced open angle glaucoma, 6 eyes (24%) with partial angle-closure glaucoma and peripheral anterior synechiae, 5 eyes (20%) with angle closure glaucoma, peripheral anterior synechiae, and pupil block and 3 eyes (12%) with neovascular glaucoma. The treatments included YAG-laser iridotomy in 5 eyes, diode-laser cyclodestruction in 3 eyes, primary trabeculectomies with mitomycin-c in 4 eyes, secondary trabeculectomies with mitomycin-c in 2 eyes, Ahmed valve implantations in 2 eyes, and cyclocryotherapy in 3 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that secondary glaucoma is a common and serious complication of Behcet disease. It develops as a result of multiple factors, generally triggered by recurrent intraocular inflammation. Early recognition and treatment of these factors have vital importance to avoid the visual morbidity.     

New Management of Angle—closure Glaucoma by Phacoemulsification with Foldable Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation

Objective: To investigate the management oi angle-closure glaucoma byphacoemulsification with foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL)implantation.Design: Retrospective, noncontrolled interventional case series.Participants: In 36 eyes with angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) , there were 18 eyes withprimary acute angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) , 14 eyes with primary chronicangle-closure glaucoma (PCCG) , 3 eyes with secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma(SACG) and 1 eye with secondary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (SCCG).Intervention: Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative visual acuity, IOP, axial anterior chamberdepth.Results: After a mean postoperative follow-up time of 8. 81±7. 45 months, intraocularpressure was reduced from a preoperative mean of 23. 81 ±17. 84 mmHg to apostoperative mean of 12. 54 4. 73 mmHg ( P =0. 001). Mean anterior chamber depthwas 1. 75 ± 0. 48 mm preoperatively and 2. 29 ?0. 38 mm postoperatively     

选择性激光小梁成形术对部分特殊类型高眼压患者的降压效果

目的:探讨选择性激光小梁成形术(selective laser trabecu-loplasty,SLT)对部分特殊类型眼压升高患者的降眼压效果。这些患者不适宜或者不接受抗青光眼手术治疗。方法:临床观察10例高眼压患者,其中硅油取出后无晶状体高眼压1例,青光眼术后3例(其中1例在阿塞拜疆行二次抗青光眼手术),未确诊青光眼的高眼压症3例,硅油充填术后1例,绝对期青光眼2例(其中开角1例,闭角1例),根据眼压范围行Nd:YAG激光SLT治疗(选择上方或下方180°范围内治疗,原发性闭角型青光眼行激光周边虹膜成形术和激光周边虹膜切除术后眼压>21mmHg的再行选择性激光小梁成形术)。结果:SLT10眼术前平均眼压28.9±5.4mmHg(眼压22～40mmHg);术后1d;1wk;1,6mo眼压分别为21.6±6.5mmHg,24.3±6.01mmHg,22.2±63mmHg,21.4±5.2mmHg。SLT术后6mo不用药物眼压≤21mmHg有6眼;部分患者需要重复治疗,全部患者加用1种降眼压药物眼压≤21mmHg,未出现明显的前房炎症反应,少部分患者在治疗时有轻微的疼痛及不适感。结论:SLT对于不适宜抗青光眼手术治疗的一些特殊类型的高眼压患者,是安全有效、费用低廉的可供选择的降眼压方法。     

Glaucoma in a rural population of southern India: the Aravind comprehensive eye survey

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of glaucoma and risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in a rural population of southern India. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5150 subjects aged 40 years and older from 50 clusters representative of three southern districts of Tamil Nadu in southern India. METHODS: All participants had a comprehensive eye examination at the base hospital, including visual acuity using logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution illiterate E charts and refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, applanation tonometry, dilated fundus examinations, and automated central 24-2 full-threshold perimetry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Definite primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was defined as angles open on gonioscopy and glaucomatous optic disc changes with matching visual field defects, whereas ocular hypertension was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mmHg without glaucomatous optic disc damage and visual field defects in the presence of an open angle. Manifest primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) was defined as glaucomatous optic disc damage or glaucomatous visual field defects with the anterior chamber angle partly or totally closed, appositional angle closure or synechiae in the angle, and absence of signs of secondary angle closure. Secondary glaucoma was defined as glaucomatous optic nerve damage and/or visual field abnormalities suggestive of glaucoma with ocular disorders that contribute to a secondary elevation in IOP. RESULTS: The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any glaucoma was 2.6% (2.2, 3.0), of POAG it was 1.7% (1.3, 2.1), and if PACG it was 0.5% (0.3, 0.7), and secondary glaucoma excluding pseudoexfoliation was 0.3% (0.2,0.5). On multivariate analysis, increasing age, male gender, myopia greater than 1 diopter, and pseudoexfoliation were significantly associated with POAG. After best correction, 18 persons (20.9%) with POAG were blind in either eye because of glaucoma, including 6 who were bilaterally blind and an additional 12 persons with unilateral blindness because of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in that eye. Of those identified with POAG, 93.0% had not been previously diagnosed with POAG. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of glaucoma in this population is not lower than that reported for white populations elsewhere. A large proportion of those with POAG had not been previously diagnosed. One fifth of those with POAG had blindness in one or both eyes from glaucoma. Early detection of glaucoma in this population will reduce the burden of blindness in India.     

The effects of external subretinal fluid drainage on secondary glaucoma in Coats' disease.

PURPOSE: We sought to investigate the effect of external subretinal fluid drainage (SRFD) on secondary or impending secondary glaucoma caused by bullous exudative retinal detachment for saving eyes with Coats' disease. METHODS: By retrospective chart review, we collected the treatment results of 56 patients younger than 15 years of age with Coats' disease. External SRFD was performed when exudative retinal detachment became bullous enough to cause anterior displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm or when secondary angle-closure glaucoma occurred. Treatment results were regarded as successful when secondary angle-closure glaucoma was prevented or responded to treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of those who underwent external SRFD was 3.1+/-1.8 years. Exudative retinal detachment was found in 48 eyes (86%), and external SRFD was needed initially in 19 (28%). External SRFD initially was performed in 19 eyes (28%) and in 2 (3%) after initial cryotherapy. Of these 21 eyes, no definite neovascular glaucoma was detected, and it took on average 1.2 SRFDs to treat or prevent secondary angle-closure glaucoma. All treatments were successful, and no eye was enucleated. CONCLUSIONS: External SRFD should be considered early as a treatment for secondary angle-closure glaucoma associated with bullous exudative retinal detachment in Coats' disease.     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼双眼眼前段相关结构的对比研究

目的研究原发性急性闭角型青光眼双眼眼前段相关结构特征。方法采用超声生物显微镜（UBM）眼前段活体结构检查技术、UBM眼前段图像处理技术，对10例原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者的双眼（一眼急性发作期，对侧眼临床前期）房角状态、房角相关解剖结构进行了定量观察及对比研究。结果UBM检查发现：双眼前房深浅（轴深）、房角开放距离500、小梁睫状突夹角、睫状体大小均有显著性差异。结论急性闭角型青光眼急性发作眼较临床前期眼前房更浅，房角关闭，睫状体前位和增大使眼前段更拥挤。采用UBM检查能从解剖学上进一步认识急性闭角型青光眼的发病机制。