汕头市早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果分析

目的：了解汕头地区早产儿视网膜病变( retinopathy of prematurity, ROP)发病情况,探讨适合汕头地区的 ROP筛查标准。
　　方法：对2011-01/2014-12在汕头4家医院NICU住院的1813例出生体重≤2000 g的低出生体重儿或胎龄≤34周的早产儿采用双目间接眼底镜和(或)广角数码儿童成像系统( RetCamⅡ)进行ROP筛查,所有患儿随访至视网膜完全血管化或病变退化。
　　结果：发现ROP 202例388眼,占筛查总例数11.14%。其中重症ROP(阈值前期Ⅰ型或阈值期)43例85眼,占筛查总例数2.37%。出生体重<1500 g新生儿408例,重症ROP 34例67眼,占全部重症 ROP 病例的79.07%。GEE模型分析结果表明,低出生体重、小胎龄及吸氧是ROP的高危因素。
　　结论：汕头地区ROP检出率11.14%,但重症ROP检出率较低,主要发生于出生体重<1500 g低出生体重儿和出生胎龄≤34周的早产儿。低出生体重、小胎龄及吸氧是ROP的高危因素。     

秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变筛查情况分析

目的分析秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发病情况。方法回顾性分析胎龄小于37周或体重低于2500g的616例早产儿Ret Cam III眼底筛查情况。结果 616例早产儿中,ROP的年发病率为7.63%,其中ROP3期以上的发病率为1.1%。结论秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变的发病率与欧美国家、台湾及北京地区ROP发病率低。出生体重、胎龄为早产儿视网膜病变发生的重要危险因素。     

早产儿视网膜病变发病情况分析

目的 分析早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发病情况.方法 回顾性分析2005年9月至2008年5月来就诊的胎龄小于36周、体重低于2500g的210例早产儿的眼底筛查情况及高危因素.结果 210例早产儿中,ROP的发生率为12.9%,其中ROP3期以上的发生率为3.8%;低孕周、低体重、出生后吸氧时间过长、严重的新生儿疾病的早产儿ROP发生率高;双生子ROP发生率(20.5%)高于单生子(10.8%),且ROP发生严重.结论 低孕周、低体重、出生后吸氧时间过长、患严重的新生儿疾病、非单生子等是引起早产儿视网膜病变的高危因素.     

早产儿视网膜病变2 203例筛查结果分析

目的：探讨早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发病率和致病因素。

方法：采用Retcam Ⅲ数字广角小儿眼底成像系统对2015-01-15/2017-10-15在西北妇女儿童医院新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)收治及眼科门诊就诊的出生胎龄<37wk或出生体质量≤2 000g的2 203例早产儿进行眼底筛查,根据筛查结果计算ROP发病率,并分析致病因素。

结果：早产儿2 203例中,共检出ROP者367例(621眼),发病率为16.66%。符合《中国早产儿视网膜病变筛查指南(2014)》筛查标准的887例早产儿中检出ROP者236例(399眼),发病率26.61%,筛查标准之外的1 316例检出ROP者131例(222眼),发病率9.95%。ROP组与无ROP组两组分析,胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气与ROP发病密切相关,人工受孕、剖宫产、性别、多胎、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、母亲孕期高血压、母亲孕期糖尿病、宫内感染、宫内窘迫、胎膜早破与ROP发病无关。ROP发病在不同胎龄组、不同出生体质量组、不同吸氧组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气是ROP发生的独立危险因素。

结论：本研究中ROP发病率为16.66%,《中国早产儿视网膜病变筛查指南(2014)》筛查标准之外ROP仍占有一定比例。胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气是ROP发病的高危因素。     

筛查标准在早产儿视网膜病变中的应用

目的 正确认识早产儿视网膜病变(简称ROP)的筛查标准;评价筛查标准在早产儿视网膜病变防治中的实用性、可行性、有效性;探讨建立完善的早产儿视网膜病变筛查体系,提高筛查水平.方法 回顾性研究.收集2005年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间住院治疗并新生儿医师请会诊的672例早产儿.参照中华医学会制定的早产儿视网膜病变防治指南进行筛查.在早产儿生后4～6周,由有经验的眼科医师应用双目间接眼底镜对其进行定期眼底筛查.每两周行1～2次早产儿的眼底筛查,根据患儿筛查情况结果,决定进行下一步的工作.结果(1)在所筛查的672例早产儿中首检为正常视网膜者605例,发生ROP 67例,占9.97％,其中ROP Ⅰ期38只眼,ROPⅡ期60只眼,ROPⅢ期4只眼,ROPⅢ期伴plus病变(3区)16只眼,ROPⅢ期伴plus病变(2区)10只眼,ROPⅣ期2只眼,AP-ROP(进展性后部ROP)2只眼;阈值前病变20只眼,阈值病变14只眼.(2)其中接受眼底激光治疗26只眼,行玻璃体切割手术6只眼(ROP发展至Ⅳ期);其中死亡5例10只眼.(3)67例ROP患儿出生体重均低于2500 g;出生体重≤1000 g、1001～1500 g、1501～2000 g、≤2500 g的早产儿ROP的比例分别为56.76％、12.83％、5.10％、3.42％.(4)孕周小于32W,发生ROP 55例,占82.09％;孕周小于34W,发生ROP 64例,占95.52％.结论 早产、低出生体重是ROP发生的高危因素;对于全身疾病严重的患儿需适当放宽筛查标准.根据不同地域,制定不同的筛查标准.孕周小于34周或出生体重小于2000g的早产儿进行ROP筛查的标准是可行的,值得推广应用.     

昆明市儿童医院ROP患儿的母亲孕期风险因素研究

目的:研究并分析昆明市及周边地区高海拔条件下早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)患儿母亲孕期的相关风险因素.方法:使用宽视野数字化眼底照相机(RetcamⅡ),对2010-05/2014-12到昆明市儿童医院眼科就诊的早产儿及部分足月小样儿(出生体质量均≤2000g)共1010例进行视网膜检查,收集ROP的发病数据及患儿母亲孕期相关资料,对所获得的各项数据进行统计学处理和分析.结果:早产儿1010例中发现ROP患儿139例278眼,患病率为13.76％,其中1期病变80例(57.55％),2期病变42例(30.22％),3期病变9例(6.47％),4期病变4例(2.88％),5期病变4例(2.88％).阈值病变9例(6.47％).ROP组与正常眼底组早产儿在出生体质量、胎龄、宫内窘迫、多胎妊娠方面的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:在昆明市高海拔低氧分压地区,ROP患病率为13.76％,低出生体重、小胎龄、宫内窘迫、多胎妊娠是ROP发生的主要孕期因素.     

双目间接检眼镜联合RetCam Ⅱ进行ROP筛查的比较研究

目的:研究联合使用双目间接检眼镜与RetCam Ⅱ广域数字眼底照相系统的必要性,分析联合使用两种方法进行早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)筛查的结果。方法:2009-10-01/2010-10-31通过使用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像系统和RetCam Ⅱ对我院眼科门诊、新生儿科病房和新生儿重症监护室的早产低出生体重儿进行定期的眼底检查,眼底定期复查至早产儿的鼻、颞侧周边视网膜完全血管化为止。对确诊患儿建立图像和数据档案,及时追踪其病变发展与转归,当病情进展至阈值前期和阈值期病变时进行手术治疗,术后定期复查至其病变已完全消退或静止无进展。最后对确诊患儿资料进行统计分析。结果:在筛查时间内,对1431例符合早产儿视网膜病变筛查条件的早产低出生体重儿(胎龄27～35周;出生体质量0.8～2.5kg)进行眼底检查和定期复查,确诊ROP患儿111例(7.76%),其中单独使用RetCam Ⅱ检查发现ROP确诊者53例,对疑似病例同时使用计算机辅助双目间接检眼镜成像行检查后ROP确诊者58例。定期复查后病变消退者占67.57%,病变进展为ROPⅠ型阈值前期者19例和ROP阈值期及以上者15例,34例患儿进行视网膜激光光凝术,31例术后效果良好,2例ROP4A期患者术后效果不明显。结论:本研究发现早产儿孕周越小,出生体质量越低,ROP的发生率越高,其病变程度越重,需要及时筛查早期干预治疗。通过联合使用计算机辅助的双目间接检眼镜成像系统和RetCam Ⅱ进行早产儿眼底检查有助于提高ROP的诊断率,有利于资料客观保存和ROP筛查培训。     

早产儿视网膜病变高危致病因素分析

目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)发生的高危致病因素.方法 对2005年1月1日至2008年6月30日在深圳市儿童医院、深圳市妇幼保健院及深圳市眼科医院就诊的胎龄≤34周或出生体重≤2000 g的早产儿进行眼底检查,并对ROP高危致病因素进行多因素分析.结果 完成筛查的219例早产儿中,21例(42只眼)发生ROP,占9.6%,其中阈值病变6例(12只眼),占2.7%.单因素分析显示,ROP的发生与出生体重、孕周、首次救治医院有无新生儿重症监护(NICU)、吸氧＞5d、窒息以及贫血等6项高危因素有关.结论 ROP的发生与孕周短、出生体重低和吸氧时间长有关.     

早产儿视网膜病变的筛查与高危因素分析

目的 研究早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)发病情况及相关的危险因素,探讨其合理的筛查标准.方法 对出生体重≤2500g,胎龄≤37周患儿进行ROP筛查,并行相关因素分析.结果 共筛查275例符合条件的早产儿,发现ROP38例(13.82%);出生体重≤1500g组,～2000g组,～2500g组患病百分比有显著性差异(P<0.05);出生胎龄≤30周组,～32周组,≥33周组间ROP患病百分比有显著性差异(P<0.05);ROP早产儿的吸氧时间明显高于无ROP组(Z=5.292,P=0.000),需要机械辅助呼吸的早产儿发生ROP者较多(x2=30.597,P=0.000),多胎与单胎间发生ROP的差异无统计学意义(x2=0.748,P=0.387),ROP发病与出生胎龄、出生体重、吸氧时间、机械辅助呼口等因素相关.结论 出生体重越低,出生胎龄越小,吸氧时间较长,需要机械辅助呼吸的早产儿,ROP患病率越高.早产儿应及时检查眼底,尽早发现ROP.     

早产儿视网膜病变的筛查及其相关因素分析

目的　探讨发生早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的全身高危因素。方法　对2002年7月1日至2003年6月30日在北京妇产医院出生的胎龄≤34周或体重≤2000g的早产儿进行眼部检查,并分析发生ROP的相关因素。结果　北京妇产医院98例早产儿中,有17例发生ROP,ROP发生率为17 .3%。出现阈值病变需进行激光治疗者4例(7只眼),占4. 1%。ROP组与正常眼底组早产儿在胎龄、出生体重、吸氧时间( >5d)和最高氧分压及发生败血症方面的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0. 05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明小胎龄、低出生体重等是发生ROP的基本因素,长时间吸氧是发生ROP的危险因素。结论　小胎龄、低出生体重、长时间吸氧等因素与ROP的发生有关。     

徐州地区早产儿视网膜病变相关因素分析

目的：了解徐州地区早产儿视网膜病变发病情况并分析相关影响因素。方法 ROP筛查患儿520例,收集整理相关资料并对其进行Logistic回归分析。结果完成筛查520例,检出74例（14.3%）,ROP的发生与母亲分娩年龄,婴儿性别,婴儿是否罹患HIE及母亲孕期吸氧史无关,胎龄和出生体重是保护因素,婴儿吸氧史,母亲孕期使用激素是危险因素。结论徐州地区ROP检出率14.3%,出生体重低,胎龄小,有吸氧史,及母亲孕期有激素使用史的早产儿ROP发病率较高。因此必须加强对此类患儿的ROP筛查。     

Retinopathy of prematurity: are we screening too many babies?

PURPOSE: With advancement in neonatal care units, early detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature and very-low-birth-weight infants is important. Numerous studies have reported an increased risk of ROP in prematurely born infants, but only few have been long-term and strictly population-based. The aim of the present study was to find out whether birthweight <1251 grams and gestational age <30 weeks could provide a safe and efficient means of detecting treatable ROP. We have retrospectively tried to ascertain the incidence and associated risk factors that may contribute to the management of babies with ROP. METHODS: Infants either with a birth weight below 1500 g or a gestational age of less than 32 weeks were screened for ROP during an 8-year period by a single examiner.Results An incidence of 64/205 (31.2%) ROP was noted. The mean age at detection was 5.5 +/- 2 weeks of life. The maximum stage reached was stage 1 in 27 (13.2%), stage 2 in 24 (11.7%) and stage 3 in 10 (4.8%) babies. Threshold ROP was present in three (1.5%) babies. Significantly fewer (150/205 = 73%) babies would have been examined had a birth weight of <1251 grams and a gestational age <30 weeks been applied. there were five (8%) babies with birth weight >1250 grams and eight (12%) babies with gestational age >30 weeks amongst babies with ROP but all were stage 1 or stage 2. All the stage 3 ROP and the threshold ROP cases were babies with birth weight <1000 grams and gestational age below 28 weeks. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmic examination may be safely and efficiently concentrated in babies with birth weight <1251 grams and gestational age below 30 weeks. Birth weight (P < 0.005) and gestational age (P < 0.01) were the only significant risk factors. During this 8-year period there was no significant decrease in the number of babies screened for ROP and the overall incidence of all stages of the disease has remained constant. In the present series a lower incidence of severe ROP was noted compared to most previous studies. Our experience from this study suggests the need for further refinement of screening guidelines in order to focus screening on the vision-threatening stages of ROP.     

Analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity

AIM: To analyze the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 568 premature infants from September 2005 to December 2010 with birth weight(BW) equal to or less than 2 500g or a gestational age(GA) at birth of 34 weeks or less. All of the members were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 10.7% among 568 premature infants, and stages 3 and above ROP occurred with an incidence rate of 2.5%. This study showed the infants were more prone to develop ROP with short geststional age, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, and severe infants diseases. Twins had a significantly higher rate of ROP(18.3%) than singleton babies(9.8%), ROP were severer in twins than singleton babies . CONCLUSION: Short GA, low BW, long time of oxygen inhalation, severe infants diseases, and non-singleton babies were the most significant risk factors associated with ROP.     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查和阈值期治疗的研究

目的研究早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率,评估ROP阈值期治疗效果。方法使用双目间接检眼镜对108例早产儿进行ROP筛查,将筛查结果进行统计学分析,达到阈值病变的患儿及时进行视网膜激光光凝或经巩膜、视网膜冷凝术。结果筛查108例早产儿,发现ROP23例,发生率为21.3%。在所有ROP患儿中,ROP1期13例,占56.5%;ROP2期3例,占13.0%;ROP3期7例,占30.4%。其中ROP3期患儿均伴有附加病变,达到阈值病变标准。ROP患儿出生体重为(1.43±0.25)kg(t=4.059,P<0.001);孕周为(31.0±2.3)周(t=2.637,P=0.013);吸氧时间为1~49d,平均17d(n=23,Z=-3.630,P<0.001);需要机械辅助呼吸患儿18例(χ2=12.009,P=0.001);上述指标与非ROP患儿比较,差异均有统计学意义;而与是否多胎的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.013,P=0.314)。Logistic回归分析:出生体重低(β=-2.542,OR=0.079,P=0.032)和使用机械辅助呼吸(β=1.341,OR=3.823,P=0.025)的患儿是发生ROP的相关高危因素。7例阈值期病变患儿中,6例进行激光光凝或冷凝治疗。术后随访2个月至2年,手术眼的结构和视功能未见异常。1例阈值期病变患儿未予治疗,于1个月后出现视网膜脱离。结论出生体重轻、孕周少、吸氧时间长、需要机械辅助呼吸的早产儿发生ROP的风险较高。对阈值期病变患儿应及时进行激光光凝或冷凝治疗。     

早产儿视网膜病变影响因素调查

目的：分析早产儿视网膜病变发生情况及其影响因素。
　　方法：选取2012-05/2013-05间在我院眼科出生的103例早产儿作为研究对象,筛查早产儿视网膜病变发生率及影响因素。
　　结果：早产儿视网膜病变检出率为11.7%,多因素Logistic回归分析显示胎龄、吸氧浓度、出生体质量、机械通气、吸氧时间、贫血、颅内出血均为早产儿视网膜病变的危险因素(P<0.05)。
　　结论：低出生体质量的早产儿在吸氧浓度等因素上都与早产儿视网膜病变的发生有显著关系。     

Analysis of the clinical characteristics and refraction state in premature infants: a 10-year retrospective analysis

AIM: To report the visual outcomes and refractive status in premature infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who were or not treated. METHODS: The clinical records of all premature infants with or without ROP and with or without treatment between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Basic demographic data, serial changes in ROP incidence, treatment and outcomes, and the refractive states were analyzed. Correlations among myopia and astigmatism progression, birth weight, gestational age, and treatment methods were also analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 562 screened premature infants (all Chinese, 1124 eyes), were recruited with a 378:184 male-to-female ratio. Birth weight did not directly influence ROP incidence. The overall ROP incidence was 16.55% (93/562 cases). The incidences in boys and girls were 16.14% (33/378 cases) and 17.39% (32/184 cases), respectively, and this difference was not significant. However, all infants with serious ROP (stage IV and V) were male. Myopia combined with astigmatism was common in premature infants with and without ROP (30.99%, 172/555 cases), and myopic refraction (including myopia and myopia combined with astigmatism) was more common in premature infants with ROP (48.84%, 42/86 cases). In the >8.00 diopter group, there were significantly more ROP infants than without ROP. Myopic refraction (including myopia and myopia combined with astigmatism) was most common in infants with ROP after treatment (63.63%, 7/11 cases). CONCLUSION: The refractive state is different between premature infants and mature infants. Those treated for ROP had a higher chance of developing myopia, astigmatism, and higher diopter.     

妊娠并发症及围产期感染与早产儿视网膜病变的关系

目的探讨妊娠并发症及围产期感染与早产儿视网膜病变发病情况的相关性。方法收集2009年5月至2011年10月在我院出生的184例早产儿,生后4～6周矫正胎龄32周开始筛查患儿。对出生体质量、孕周、妊娠并发症、围产期感染、氧疗等与早产儿视网膜病变发病情况进行相关分析。结果 184例早产儿中检出21例早产儿视网膜病变,检出率11.41%。出生体质量低、孕周短,早产儿视网膜病变的患病率高。合并母体妊娠并发症、围产期有感染史的患儿早产儿视网膜病变发病率也明显增高。孕周、体质量、妊娠并发症和围产期感染史与早产儿视网膜病变的发病具有正相关性;性别、吸氧、出生后Apgar评分与早产儿视网膜病变无相关性。结论低出生体质量、短孕周、妊娠期并发症及围产期感染早产儿易发生早产儿视网膜病变。     

Retinopathy of prematurity. Results of fundus examination performed in 94 preterm infants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants of birth weight less than 1.500 g and/or under 32 weeks'gestation. METHODS: Ninety-four preterm infants were examined following the Royal College of Ophthalmologists guidelines and retinopathy was graded using the International Classification of ROP. Screening limits were 1 500 g birth weight or 32 weeks'gestational age. Fundus examinations for ROP were performed at 5 weeks'chronological age from birth. Pupil dilation was obtained with instillation of 1% tropicamide three times at 15-minute intervals. RESULTS: The 94 infants examined for ROP had a median gestational age of 292.3 weeks and a median birth weight of 1 110340 g. ROP was diagnosed in 21 of 94 subjects (22.3%) by fundus examination. ROP stage 3 developed in one preterm infant, ROP stage 2 developed in five preterm infants, and ROP stage 1 developed in 15 preterm infants. No premature babies developed stage 4 or stage 5 ROP. The disease regressed spontaneously in all cases and none of the infants required cryo/laser therapy. In the most premature infants, 23-26 weeks'gestation, 57% developed ROP and one developed severe ROP (stage 3). No disease more posterior to peripheral zone 2 was observed. The incidence of ROP was higher in infants exposed to greater than 21% oxygen (24.2%) than in infants who did not receive oxygen (17.8%). Oxygen, blood transfusion, and cardiopathy appear to be associated with an increased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS: ROP continues to be a common problem associated with prematurity in France. This study found a similar incidence of prethreshold ROP when compared to recent studies. The data showed that blood transfusion and cardiopathy may play a role in the development of ROP in premature infants.