改良冲洗式双极射频消融手术治疗心房颤动

目的分析心瓣膜置换术中同期行改良冲洗式双极射频消融治疗心房颤动的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2009年4月至2011年6月安徽医科大学第二附属医院心瓣膜病合并心房颤动34例患者在体外循环下行心瓣膜置换术+改良冲洗式双极射频消融手术的临床资料,其中男21例,女13例;年龄41～76(50.5±11.3)岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病31例,心瓣膜退行性病变3例;合并慢性持续性/永久性心房颤动27例,阵发性心房颤动7例。均采用Medtronic Cardioblate 68000冲洗式双极射频消融系统进行消融操作。消融手术包括双侧肺静脉的环形隔离、左心耳切除、左右心房消融(改良Cox-mazeⅢ手术路径)和Marshall韧带切除。术后常规予胺碘酮治疗。结果全组无死亡,除2例术后并发Ⅲ○房室传导阻滞、安装永久性心脏起搏器外,其余患者未发生与消融相关的并发症。术后31例转为非心房颤动心律(窦性心律25例,结性心律4例,起搏心律2例),3例维持心房颤动心律。随访3～20个月,29例维持窦性心律(85.3%),3例心房颤动心律,2例起搏心律。结论改良冲洗式双极射频消融治疗心房颤动安全、有效。     

分站式杂交消融术与微创迷宫消融术治疗长程持续性心房颤动随机对照研究的中长期随访结果

目的 评价并比较长程持续性心房颤动(房颤)患者接受分站式杂交消融术治疗的有效性是否优于单纯微创迷宫消融术.方法 纳入广东省人民医院南海医院2017～ 2018年行微创迷宫消融术术后3个月维持窦性心律患者108例,其中男82例、女26例,年龄(56.5±9.4)岁.其中50例为杂交手术(HA)组,补充行导管射频消融术;另...     

单独心房颤动综合治疗的单中心经验与入路演变

目的探讨单独心房颤动综合治疗的临床经验、手术入路的演变及各种术式的优劣。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年5月于本中心行单独心房颤动外科消融手术69例患者的临床资料,其中男50例、女19例,平均年龄57.2岁。根据手术入路将患者分为3组:正中开胸组9例,左后外侧腔镜组7例,双前外侧腔镜组53例。3组分别有1例(11.1%)、3例(42.9%)和26例(49.1%)于外科消融术后行导管标测和补充射频消融。结果开胸组平均随访10.2个月,随访中9例(100.0%)维持窦性心律;左后外侧腔镜组平均随访7.4个月,5例(71.4%)维持窦性心律;双前外侧腔镜组平均随访5.0个月,47例(88.7%)维持窦性心律。全组无围术期死亡,随访期间无死亡、卒中、大出血和肺静脉狭窄等。结论经典迷宫Ⅳ手术成功率高,是治疗心房颤动的基础术式,而新式迷你迷宫手术有微创、可重复性强等优点,联合导管射频消融可取得与经典迷宫Ⅳ手术相近的治疗效果。单独心房颤动综合治疗是非阵发性心房颤动治疗的最佳方案。     

永久性心房颤动外科双极射频消融术的效果

目的了解外科双极射频消融术治疗永久性心房颤动(AF)同期行风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术的效果。方法自2006年3月至2010年10月中山大学附属第一医院收治风湿性心瓣膜病合并心房颤动患者124例,按照抛硬币法随机分成射频消融组(n=62)和对照组(n=62),比较两组患者的临床资料、体外循环(CPB)时间、主动脉阻断(ACC)时间、术后机械通气时间、ICU治疗情况、并发症及随访结果。结果两组患者临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。射频消融组患者术后住院时间较对照组长[(15.8±6.1)d vs.(12.9±3.1)d,P=0.001],CPB和ACC时间两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均无需放置永久起搏器,术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)两组比较差异有统计学意义(59.6%±9.2%vs.55.5%±5.4%,P<0.01)。在6个月、12个月、18个月和24个月随访时射频消融组窦性心律维持率分别为88.5%、87.5%、87.1%和82.4%,对照组分别为3.3%、2.2%、0.0%和0.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论外科双极射频消融术能有效治疗永久性心房颤动。     

梅氏微创消融术治疗心房颤动合并左室收缩功能受损的疗效评价

目的研究梅氏微创消融术治疗心房颤动(房颤)合并左室收缩功能受损的临床结果。方法 2010年6月至2017年12月,86例房颤合并左室功能受损的患者接受了梅式微创消融术,其中男54例、女32例,年龄43～71(60.7±5.9)岁。阵发性房颤12例,持续性房颤27例,长程持续性房颤47例,房颤病史(6.5±4.8)年,CHA2DS2-VASc房颤受损评分(2.2±1.1)分。患者左房直径(46.9±3.8)mm,左室直径(51.7±4.6)mm。术前患者左室射血分数42.2%±4.7%。全组患者全身麻醉后接受梅氏微创消融术,消融路线为3个环形消融加3条线性消融。使用切割闭合器切除左心耳。用消融笔消融Marshall韧带和心外膜自主神经节。结果全组患者均成功完成手术,无中转开胸手术,无围手术期死亡。77例(89.5%)患者出院时维持窦性心律。术后80例患者保持随访,平均随访时间(27.2±12.1)个月,72例患者维持窦性心律。术后总体左室射血分数47.1%±6.2%,窦性心律组的射血分数48.2%±5.8%,非窦性心律组的射血分数41.6%±5.8%,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素回归分析,左房直径(HR=1.485,95%CI 1.157～1.906,P0.05)和射血分数提升是否超过10%(HR=18.800,95%CI1.674～189.289,P0.05)与房颤术后复发密切相关。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析进一步显示,术后射血分数提升超过10%的患者房颤复发率明显低于其他患者(P0.05)。结论梅氏微创消融术治疗房颤合并左室收缩功能受损安全、有效,可以恢复患者窦性心律,有助于左室功能的改善,减少心力衰竭的发生,从而防止房颤合并心力衰竭的恶性循环。     

梅氏微创消融术治疗心房颤动207例

目的探索梅氏微创消融术治疗207例心房颤动(房颤)患者的有效性和安全性。方法分析我院2010年10月至2014年2月经梅氏微创消融术治疗房颤患者207例的临床资料,其中男111例、女96例,年龄(58.9±14.8)岁。阵发性房颤98例持续性房颤109例。手术通过左胸路径在全胸腔镜下施行房颤消融术式包括双极消融钳行双侧环肺静脉消融、连接两侧肺静脉的左心房顶部和左房后壁线性消融,心外膜自主神经节消融和左心耳切除等。结果平均手术时间为(112.4±32.5)min,无中转开胸。无起搏器置入等并发症和死亡。平均住院时间(7.2±3.1)d。术后平均随访(24.2±8.9)个月,187例(90.3%)患者维持窦性心律,20例患者术后不能维持窦性心律。术后复查无卒中、左心房血栓和肺静脉口狭窄。结论梅氏微创消融术治疗房颤是一种安全、有效的方法。     

二尖瓣置换同期行改良迷宫双极射频消融术治疗房颤效果观察

目的观察16例二尖瓣置换同期行改良迷宫双极射频消融术治疗房颤的临床疗效。方法选择2010-03—2015-05间收治16例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变合并房颤者,在瓣膜置换同时采用双极射频消融系统,用改良迷宫手术路线治疗房颤。观察和记录术前、术后当日、出院后1、3、6个月常规心电图等指标变化。结果全组无手术死亡,术后即刻恢复窦性心律16例,转窦率100%。术后当日恢复窦性心律15例(93.8%),房颤1例。术后1个月窦性心律14例(87.5%),房颤2例。术后3、6个月窦性心律均为12例(75.0%),房颤4例。结论改良迷宫双极射频消融术治疗瓣膜病合并房颤,安全、简便、有效。     

心脏瓣膜置换术同期冲洗式射频消融术效果观察

目的观察瓣膜置换手术同期冲洗式射频消融术对慢性房颤的临床治疗效果。方法对31例心脏瓣膜病患者行瓣膜置换手术同期冲洗式射频消融术，观察手术前后左房变化、术后心电图变化、术后引流量、术后血制品用量等。结果本组患者平均转机时间（105．86±20．88）min，平均阻断时间（60．71±16．57）min，与我院同期心脏瓣膜置换手术比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；术后13例（41．9％）需临时起搏器维持心率，均于术后12h～12d恢复自主心律（房颤或窦性心律）；术后随访6～21个月，平均（15．6±3．7）个月，术后1个月，14例（14／31）恢复窦性心律，术后1年，20例（20／27）恢复窦性心律。术后1个月随访恢复窦性心律的14例（转复组）与未复律的17例（房颤组）比较，两组术前左房内径、术后左房内径／术前左房内径差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论心脏瓣膜置换术同期冲洗式射频消融术是治疗心脏瓣膜病患者慢性房颤的有效、安全手段。     

双心房或单纯右心房射频消融术治疗成人先天性心脏病房间隔缺损合并心房颤动的对比研究

目的分析双心房射频消融术与单纯右心房射频消融术治疗成人先天性心脏病房间隔缺损合并心房颤动（房颤）的效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2012年12月47例房间隔缺损合并心房颤动接受房间隔缺损修补联合射频消融术治疗患者的临床资料,其中男20例,女27例;年龄35～76岁;房颤病程3个月至15年;持续性房颤18例,长程持续性房颤29例。合并二尖瓣轻度至中度以上关闭不全10例,三尖瓣轻度至中度以上关闭不全28例。根据手术方式不同将47例患者分为两组,单纯右心房消融组（n=19）：行房间隔缺损修补术＋单纯右心房射频消融术;双心房消融组（n=28）：行房间隔缺损修补术＋双心房射频消融术。对于二尖瓣、三尖瓣存在轻一中度以上反流者,术中同期行二尖瓣、三尖瓣成形术。所有患者术后3个月、6个月、12个月均接受24h动态心电图检查,1年后间断门诊随访。结果双心房消融组的体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间及术后住院时间较单纯右心房消融组略长,但两组术后早期并发症及恢复情况无明显差异。心脏复跳时,双心房消融组25例（89．3％）直接恢复窦性心律,3例为交界心律,无房颤心律。单纯右心房消融组14例（73．7％）直接恢复窦性心律,2例为交界心律,3例为房颤心律。出院时,双心房消融组28例（100％）均维持窦性心律;单纯右心房消融组15例（78．9％）维持窦性心律,4例房颤复发（P=0．045）。所有患者均得到随访,随访时间3～75个月,全组无死亡病例;房间隔无残余分流;2例出现二尖瓣轻一中度以上关闭不全,4例出现三尖瓣轻．中度以上关闭不全;双心房消融组术后2年累积窦性心律维持率为87．7％±6．7％,明显高于单纯右心房消融组的47．4％±11．5％（P=0．003）。结论对于成人房间隔缺损合并房颤,双心房射频消融术较单纯右心房射频消融术有更好的治疗效果,而且不会增加手术的风险。     

盐水冲洗射频改良迷宫Ⅲ手治疗心房颤动的临床效果

目的 评价心瓣膜手术时用盐水冲洗射频改良迷宫Ⅲ手术(IRFMM)治疗心房颤动(AF)的临床效果.方法 自2003年12月至2005年10月,我科采用外科手术射频消融系统,在20例心瓣膜病患者手术中用IRFMM治疗AF.射频功率设定为25W,盐水冲洗速度为5ml/min.结果 术后20例中16例转为窦性心律.随访1～22个月,17例维持窦性心律,1例为结性心律,2例仍为AF.结论 在行伴有AF的风湿性心脏病瓣膜置换术时,采用盐水冲洗射频改良迷宫Ⅲ手术治疗AF,具有安全简便、疗效确切的效果,值得推广应用.     

心脏直视手术中双极射频消融治疗心房颤动91例分析

目的 探讨心脏直视手术同期采用双极射频消融技术治疗心房颤动的方法和早、中期疗效.方法 2005年3月至2007年1月共91例心房颤动患者于心脏直视手术同期接受了双极射频消融手术治疗.阵发性心房颤动5例,持续性/永久性心房颤动86例.37例采用AtricureTM干式双极射频消融系统,54例采用CardioblateTM冲洗式双极射频消融系统.消融径线包括标准Cox-mazeⅢ手术、改良Cox Mini.maze手术和单纯左心房迷宫手术.结果 平均射频消融时间(14.1±6.7)min,未发生与消融有关的并发症.围手术期死亡3例.术后2例患者安装永久起搏器,1例患者发生脑卒中及下肢动脉栓塞.随访6～29个月,双极射频消融组在术后6、12及12个月以上的成功率均高于单极射频消融组.截至末次随访,阵发性心房颤动组的非心房颤动心律为100%,持续性/永久性心房颤动组为75.3%.AtricureTM组与CardioblateTM组间,以及3种射频消融路径组间的成功率无差异.结论 双极射频消融技术实施简便、安全,耗时短,疗效满意,是一种更为先进的手术方法.     

直视下射频消融肺静脉口治疗风湿性心脏病心房颤动的临床观察

目的探讨心脏直视下射频消融肺静脉口治疗风湿性心脏病心房颤动(房颤)的临床疗效。方法对20例风湿性心瓣膜病伴房颤患者(治疗组),在瓣膜置换术中应用射频探针在左心房内行直视下围绕4个肺静脉口的环形线性消融及消融环最低点与二尖瓣环连线的直线消融,输出功率30～40 W,每次放电时间45～60 s。以20例单纯行瓣膜置换术的风湿性心瓣膜病伴房颤患者为对照组,两组均同时应用胺碘酮辅助治疗,比较两组治疗房颤的疗效。患者治疗后均获得随访,平均随访(24±3)个月。结果治疗组心脏复跳后19例转为窦性心律,住院期间房颤复发2例,随访中房颤复发1例,总有效率80%(16／20);对照组心脏复跳后16例为窦性心律,住院期间房颤复发7例,随访中房颤复发2例,总有效率35%(7/20)无心房穿孔、出血及房室传导阻滞等并发症。结论直视下射频消融肺静脉口治疗风湿性心脏病房颤有效率较高,方法简单,并发症少。     

应用射频迷宫术治疗心房纤颤

１９９４年１０月于１９９５年８月采用射频迷宫术先天性继发孔房缺合并心房纤颤１例，瓣膜替换术的治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变合并心房纤颤９例。术后房颤全部消失，呈窦性心律６例，结性心律３例，心房扩动１例。作者认为，此方法操作简单易行，效果确实，手术时间短，避免了心脏多处切口，渗血少，术后平顺，无近期并发症。     

The efficacy of quinidine and disopyramide in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after electroconversion from atrial fibrillation. A double-blind study comparing quinidine, disopyramide and placebo

In order to compare the relative efficacy of quinidine, disopyramide and a placebo in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion from atrial fibrillation and in order to examine the incidence of side-effects, 82 patients with continuous atrial fibrillation (duration more than 1 month but less than 3 years) were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive quinidine, disopyramide or placebo. Six months after cardioversion there was no significant difference between any of the three groups as regards the number of patients remaining in sinus rhythm. The greater distortion of the atrial architecture which occurs in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease may explain the failure of these anti-arrhythmic agents to prolong the duration of sinus rhythm in this study, in which patients with valvular heart disease comprised 76% of the total group.     

Radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation during mitral valve surgery

Twenty-three patients underwent endocardial radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) during mitral valve procedures with a previously described left atrial lesion pattern. A temperature-controlled 7-coil surgical probe delivered 60-second lesions at 80 degrees C. The left atrial appendage was oversewn after ablation. Ages ranged from 28 to 88 years. Nineteen patients had chronic AF that was present for over 1 year in 74%; 12 patients had rheumatic mitral stenosis. Mean left atrial diameter was 5.4 +/- 0.7 cm. There was 1 operative death unrelated to the ablation, and no strokes or ablation-related complications were observed. At mean follow-up of 32.5 weeks, 86% of the 22 survivors were in sinus rhythm. All 18 patients with left atrial diameter <6 cm are in sinus rhythm. All postoperative atrial flutter was transient, and no patients required subsequent transcatheter ablation. This lesion pattern is safe and effective when applied in the method described here. It appears to be a reasonable alternative to the complete Maze 3 lesion pattern in patients with mitral valve disease.     

Microwave surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation during off-pump coronary artery surgery using total arterial-Y-grafts: an early experience

This study demonstrates the efficacy and eligibility of concomitant epicardial microwave AF (MWAF) ablation during off-pump arterial revascularisation using the left internal mammary to radial 'Y' graft (OPCABy) in patients with permanent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. From June 2004 to December 2005, sixteen consecutive patients were offered MWAF ablation and OPCABy. AF was permanent in 11 cases and paroxysmal in five. The MWAF ablation protocol exploited the use of either the Flex 4 or Flex 10 probe (Afx- Guidant, Santa Clara, CA). Spontaneous cardioversion was used to demonstrate conduction block. Data were collected prospectively. Patients were followed-up in outpatient clinic at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after discharge. Sinus rhythm was seen in 75%, 67% and 71% of patients at conclusion of surgery, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Cardioversion to sinus rhythm was seen in 67% of patients with permanent AF and 80% of patients with paroxysmal AF. Spontaneous cardioversion at operation occurred in 12 patients, all of whom were in sinus rhythm at six months. The use of MWAF ablation during concomitant OPCABy surgery is an effective therapy in the short- to medium-term. Spontaneous return to sinus rhythm is a reliable intraoperative indicator of long-term success.     

Beating-heart surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation with microwave ablation

BACKGROUND: In this feasibility study, early results are presented of our first series of patients with microwave ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) on the beating heart. METHODS: From June 2001 until December 2001, a total of 24 patients underwent beating-heart epicardial ablation for AF. With a microwave antenna, the left and right pulmonary veins were isolated and connected to each other followed by amputation of the left atrial appendage. Subsequently, patients underwent either off-pump coronary artery bypass graft or valve surgery on pump. The mean age of the patients was 67.4 +/- 6 years. Three patients experienced paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and all others chronic AF. Mean left atrial diameter was 5.4 +/- 0.6 cm, and mean ablation time was 13 min. RESULTS: All procedures but one were completed successfully on the beating heart. All patients were in sinus rhythm after the procedure. A total of 15 patients experienced periods with postoperative AF during hospital stay; 9 of these patients were discharged with AF. All patients received either sotalol or amiodarone. At latest follow-up (3 to 9 months), 20 of 23 patients were in sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: With microwave ablation, electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins can be achieved epicardially without cardiopulmonary bypass support.     

Biatrial radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: epicardial and endocardial surgical approach

Radiofrequency energy applied by means of surgical probes permits the ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study presents our initial experience on 55 consecutive cardiac patients with permanent AF with radiofrequency ablation through biatrial epicardial and endocardial surgical approach. At discharge, 8.1% of the patients had persistent AF-atrial flutter. Hospital incidence of arrhythmias were, 9% of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 10.9% of atrial flutter, and 34.5% of persistent atrial fibrillation. After a mean follow-up of 7 months, 83.6% patients have recovered sinus rhythm, and echocardiographic biatrial contraction was re-established in 73%. Biatrial radiofrequency ablation applied from the endocardium and the epicardium has achieved satisfactory results, without increasing the surgical risk.     

射频消融迷宫治疗心房纤颤

作者采用射频消融迷宫术治疗心房纤颤２０例,其中１９例合并风湿性二尖瓣病的患者,同时行瓣膜替换术,１例合并房间隔缺损患者进行修得。射频消融的路线采用小板井嘉夫的手术径路。术后１６例恢复窦性心律,占８０％,未恢复窦性心律的４例,２例为房颤,１例为房扑,另１例为结性心律。     

胸腔镜辅助下微创射频消融手术治疗心房颤动临床分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜辅助下微创射频消融手术治疗心房颤动的技术和早期疗效.方法 2006年12月至2007年10月,共有57例心房颤动患者接受了胸腔镜辅助下微创心脏手术,其中男性40例,女性17例,平均年龄56.4岁,术前心房颤动病史(5.7±4.5)年.本组阵发性心房颤动38例,持续性心房颤动7例,长期存在的持续性心房颤动12例;3例患者曾行导管消融治疗,2例已安置永久性起搏器.所有患者均在胸腔镜辅助下实施双侧肺静脉前庭射频消融隔离、心外膜部分去迷走神经化治疗、左心耳切闭(Wolf Mini-maze手术);并在消融前后行心外膜电生理标测.结果 本组患者平均手术时间3.5 h;术中发现左心房血栓1例,1例患者同期行心外膜的心脏同步化手术.无围手术期死亡;1例术后并发急性呼吸功能不全,1例并发急性心功能不全.共16例患者术后及随访期间行胸外直流电复律治疗;全组患者出院时、术后1、3及6个月窦性心律的比例分别为78.9%(45/57)、64.3%(36/56)、83.9%(47/56)和87.0%(20/23);术前阵发性心房颤动患者则为84.2%(32/38)、67.6%(25/37)、86.5%(32/37)和89.5%(17/19).全组随访1～10个月无血栓及栓塞事件发生.结论 胸腔镜辅助微创心脏外科手术主要适用于阵发性心房颤动患者,其早期疗效理想,创伤小,安全性高.