保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌(附46例报告)

目的:探讨保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌的安全性和疗效。方法:对1993年2月～2006年10月共46例采用保留肾单位手术的肾癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中双侧肾癌4例,孤立肾癌3例,对侧肾有病变或潜在功能受损的肾癌25例,对侧肾正常的肾癌14例。结果:46例患者术前均未发现转移灶。术后组织病理学结果示肾透明细胞癌36例,颗粒细胞癌6例,混合性细胞癌4例。术后42例(91%)获随访,随访时间6～160个月,平均随访65个月。5、10年生存率分别为94%、86%。3例术后出现局部复发和远处转移。结论:保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌安全有效,手术指征可扩展至对侧肾脏正常的患者。     

肾癌保留肾单位手术治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨肾癌保留肾单位手术的治疗效果。方法 107例行保留肾单位的肾癌切除手术，肿瘤直径2．5～6．5cm，平均3．7cm；肿瘤位于肾上极33例，肾中部23例，肾下极51例。TNM分期：T1 72例，T2 35例。透明细胞癌97例，颗粒细胞癌8例，囊性肾癌2例。结果 107例均成功手术，随访102例，平均随访时间82个月（6～120个月），除1例术后18个月出现肾上腺转移外，余101例均无肿瘤局部复发。结论肾癌保留肾单位手术是治疗局限性肾癌的有效方法。     

小肾癌的保留肾单位手术治疗

目的 探讨保留肾单位的肾部分切除手术治疗小肾癌的安全性和合理性。方法 对48例小肾癌患者行保留肾单位的肾部分切除术。男29例，女19例。平均年龄42岁（24～61岁）。平均肿瘤直径2．4cm（1．0～4．0cm）。病理分期T1N0M047例，双侧肾癌1例。评估肾蒂阻断时间、术后并发症及局部复发情况。结果 48例手术均顺利完成，肾蒂阻断时间平均18min（12～26min）。术后出血3例、漏尿1例。平均随访21个月，1例术后6个月局部复发行根治性手术，1例出现远处转移而死亡，余未见复发或远处转移。结论 保留肾单位的肾部分切除治疗小肾癌安全有效，手术指征可扩展至对侧肾脏正常的患者。     

局限性肾癌保留肾单位手术19例分析

目的探讨保留肾单位手术治疗局限性肾癌的安全性和疗效。方法对19例肾癌患者行保留肾单位的肾部分切除术,其中男16例,女3例,平均年龄53岁,平均肿瘤直径2.8cm。术后评估局部复发及并发症情况。结果 19例患者手术均成功,平均随访29(14～38)个月,无局部复发和肿瘤转移。结论保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌安全、有效,尤其适用于局限性肾癌患者。     

肾细胞癌271例临床分析

目的 探讨肾细胞癌的诊治方法.方法 1993年1月至2000年12月共收治肾细胞癌患者271例,对诊断方法、治疗手段、随访及预后进行回顾性分析.结果 B超、CT仍为主要的诊断方法.手术治疗234例患者,其中行根治性肾切除术197例(72.6%),保留肾单位手术19例;转移瘤切除术6例;其他手术12例.病理结果:透明细胞癌137例,占61.4%(137/223)、颗粒细胞癌18例(8.1%)、混合细胞癌32例(14.3%)、乳头状腺癌23例(10.3%),其他13例.210例患者(77.5%)获得随访.1、3、5、10年生存率分别为95.3%(182/191)、88.7%(107/122)、74.7%(56/75)和32.1%(10/31).结论 B超是检测肾细胞癌的首选检查方法,CT为最有价值诊断方法.提高肾细胞癌远期生存率最关键的因素是早期发现、早期行肾癌根治术或保留肾单位的肾癌切除术.     

肾癌保留肾单位手术的临床价值(附17例报告)

目的　评价肾癌保留肾单位手术的临床价值。　方法　回顾性研究 17例行保留肾单位手术的肾癌患者临床资料 ,其中单侧 15例 ,双肾异时性肾癌且一侧为多发肿瘤 2例。绝对指征 2例 ,相对指征 6例 ,选择性指征 9例。肿瘤直径 2～ 6cm ,均为T1期 (1997年TNM标准 ) ;行改良肾肿瘤剜除术 (切缘于肾肿瘤外 1cm正常肾实质处 ) 15例 ,肾上极切除术 1例 ,楔形切除术 1例。 2 0例同期肾癌临床及分期相当但行根治性手术的患者资料作随访对照 ,并作生存率时序检验。　结果　 17例患者随访 3～ 6 3个月 ,平均 35 .2个月 ,未见并发症及残肾肿瘤复发。无瘤生存率与根治性手术者相近。　结论　肾癌保留肾单位手术安全、有效 ,适合于对侧肾功能正常、一侧局限的偶发肾肿瘤患者。     

保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌的临床价值(附11例报告)

目的　评价保留肾单位手术治疗肾细胞癌的临床价值。　方法　 1994年 3月～ 1998年 12月 ,采用局部低温、保留肾单位手术治疗肾细胞癌 11例 ,其中对侧肾正常者 8例 ,单侧肾癌、对侧肾受损者 2例 ,双侧肾癌者 1例。肿瘤直径 1.5～ 6 .8cm ,平均 3.8cm。Roboson分期Ⅰ期 8例 ,Ⅱ期 3例。 8例行肾部分切除术 ,3例行肿瘤剜除术。　结果　 11例随访 3～ 5 7个月 ,平均 36 .8个月。未见并发症及肿瘤局部复发。　结论　保留肾单位手术治疗肾细胞癌安全有效 ,尤其适宜于局限性、体积小和低期肾癌患者。     

保留肾单位手术治疗肾脏小肿瘤三年随访结果分析

目的 探讨保留肾单位的肾部分切除手术治疗肾脏小肿瘤的安全性和有效性.方法 肾脏小肿瘤患者43例.男27例,女16例.年龄21～79(46.0±13.0)岁.肿瘤直径1.2～4.0(3.1±0.8)cm.行开放保留肾单位手术18例,后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术25例.评估围手术期及手术前后肾功能、术后并发症及复发情况.结果 43例手术顺利.2组发生术中大出血各1例.开放组和后腹腔镜组平均手术时间分别为69～277(158.0±77.4)和60～226(150.0±69.1)min;热缺血时间分别为20～31(23.2±3.9)和23～35(25.8±4.1)min;术中失血量120～3000(590.8±725.0)和50～1600(468.5±614.0)ml;术前SCr分别为(65.9±22.8)和(68.4±25.0)μmol/L,随访期末分别为(82.2±24.1)和(85.3±25.9)μmol/L;2组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).住院日分别为11～47(19.2±8.0)和10～16(12.5±3.8)d(P＜0.05);2组术后出现次要并发症14例(33%),其中肾周血肿分别为1例(6%)和3例(12%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病理报告肾细胞癌25例(T1a),良性肿瘤18例.43例随访25～60(37.4±7.2)个月,1例肾透明细胞癌患者术后20个月出现复发后行肾切除术,术后病理仍为透明细胞癌;1例血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者术后6个月在远离原病灶处出现新生肿瘤,CT检查提示仍为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,行动态观察.2组术后3年肿瘤无复发生存率分别为94%及96%,肾癌无复发生存率分别为100%及93%,2组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果 后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾脏小肿瘤较同期开放保留肾单位手术平均住院日短,但肾周血肿发生率略高,其他并发症发生率无明显差异,2组均未见不可逆肾功能损害,2组肿瘤无复发生存率及肾细胞癌无复发生存率差异无统计学意义.     

双肾多发性肾细胞癌的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨散发性双肾多发性肾细胞癌的治疗原则,以提高治疗水平. 方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年7月收治的7例散发性双肾多发性肾细胞癌患者的资料.男4例,女3例.年龄40 ～ 73岁,平均57岁.无家族病史.7例均为查体或其他疾病就诊时发现.同时发现双肾癌4例,一侧肾癌术后随访发现对侧肾癌3例,未发现其他脏器及淋巴结转移.肿瘤分布于肾中央及外周,最多者一侧16枚.肿瘤直径0.8～6.0 cm,平均4.1 cm.肿瘤临床分期T1a3例,T1b 3例.结果 1例行单侧肾动脉栓塞者7个月后失访;1例靶向治疗2个疗程后双肾分期行保留肾单位(NSS)手术;3例一侧行根治术,对侧择期行NSS手术;2例双肾择期行NSS手术.7例患者病理报告均为肾透明细胞癌.6例术后随访6 ～ 96个月,平均40个月,肿瘤无复发. 结论 双肾多发肾细胞癌患者应积极实行手术治疗,以切除肿瘤、最大限度地保留肾单位为原则.患者预后不因双肾受累及肿瘤多发而受到明显影响.     

56例肾细胞癌手术治疗的临床分析

目的：探讨肾细胞癌（肾癌）的手术方式,以进一步提高其疗效。方法：对56例肾癌手术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析,实施根治性肾切除术者48例,其中4例同时进行下腔静脉癌栓切除术;实施保留肾单位手术者3例;实施其他类型手术者5例。结果：病理类型为透明细胞癌40例,颗粒细胞癌10例,混合型癌6例。42例获得随访,其中3年、5年和10年生存率分别为71.4%(30/42) 、54.2%(13/24)和20.0%(2/10)。结论：根治性肾切除术仍是目前 肾癌最有效的治疗方法,保留肾单位手术应严格掌握手术适应证。     

肾癌多中心病灶和假包膜外肿瘤浸润的病理研究

目的 探讨保留肾单位手术(NSS)治疗肾癌时肿瘤周围正常肾组织安全有效的切除范围.方法2005年10月至2008年10月肾癌标本131例,其中行肾癌根治术103例,行NSS 28例.先行大体病理检查,然后分别在肿瘤假包膜外侧和距离肿瘤边缘3、5、10、15 mm各层面取材,每个层面取4块组织,HE组织染色.观察有无肾癌多中心病灶和假包膜外肿瘤的浸润范围等病理指标,分别测量病变到肿瘤边缘的距离,并统计肿瘤大小与以上指标的相关性.结果 131例肾癌标本中,肿瘤直径＜4.0 cm者61例,均未发现肿瘤周围浸润和卫星灶.肿瘤直径4～7 cm者46例,发现肿瘤周围浸润或卫星灶3例(6.5%),其中G3透明细胞癌1例,分别在距离肿瘤10、15 mm处发现卫星灶;集合管癌1例和G3透明细胞癌伴肉瘤样癌1例距离肿瘤周围15 mm均可见肿瘤浸润生长,集合管癌患者同时伴有远处转移和肾静脉瘤栓.肿瘤直径＞7 cm者24例,有肿瘤周围浸润或卫星灶4例(16.7%),其中1例G3透明细胞癌在肿瘤周围3 mm处发现卫星灶,另3例G2、G3透明细胞癌在肿瘤周围15 mm范围发现肿瘤浸润生长;有肾静脉瘤栓4例(16.7%);远处转移2例(8.3%).肿瘤直径与肿瘤周围浸润生长和卫星灶之间呈显著相关性(P＜0.05).结论直径＜4 cm的肾癌,行距离肿瘤周围正常肾组织切除宽度小的NSS,甚至简单的肿瘤剜除术安全有效;对部分仔细选择的4～7 cm肾癌,只要技术可行能够完整切除肿瘤,采用NSS治疗合理可行;而对于＞7 cm的肾癌,不建议行NSS.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the safe and effective width of a healthy parenchymal surgical margin in nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for renal cell carcinoma. Methods From October, 2005to October, 2008, 131 renal carcinoma specimens (103 cases performed by radical nephrectomy and 28 cases by NSS) were studied. The tissue materials were taken at the site of pseudo-capsule, 3, 5, 10,15 mm laterally from the tumor edge respectively and HE staining. Specimens were examined grossly and microscopically for multifocal tumors, infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule and other pathological features. The correlation between the renal tumor size and the pathological features were analyzed statistically. Results There were 131 specimens of renal carcinoma. In 61 cases with tumor diameter ＜4 cm, no case (0.0%) had multifocal tumors and infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule. In 46 cases with tumor diameter 4-7 cm, multifocal tumors were found in 3 cases (6.5%), and infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule was found in 2 cases. Among the 46 cases there was 1 collecting duct cancer accompanied with distant metastasis and renal vein tumor embolus. In 24 cases with tumor diameter ＞7cm, multifocal tumors were found in 4 cases (16. 7%) and infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule was found in 3 cases. Four cases (16.7%) had renal vein tumor embolus. Two cases (8.3%) had distant metastasis. The renal tumor size was apparently associated with multifocal tumors and infiltration of tumor pseudo-capsule (P＜0. 05). Conclusions Mini-margin NSS, even simple enucleoresection, is a safe and effective approach for treating localized renal tumor of ＜4 cm. For carefully selected patients with tumor 4-7 cm, NSS is reasonable and feasible. But for the patient with tumor ＞7 cm,NSS is not recommended.     

局限性肾癌保留肾单位手术20例分析

目的探讨保留肾单位手术（nephrom-sparing surgery,NSS）治疗局限性肾癌的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析20例行NSS肾癌患者的临床资料,其中双侧肾癌1例,孤立肾肾癌1例,对侧肾有病变或潜在功能损害的肾癌3例,对侧肾正常的肾癌15例。肿瘤直径平均3.9（1.3-7.4）cm。行肿瘤剜除术13例,肾部分切除术4例,肾楔形切除术3例。结果 20例患者手术均成功。术后平均随访29（15-37）个月,1例双侧肾癌患者术后14月出现远处转移死亡,1例术后12个月因局部复发改行根治性肾切除术,2例术后出现暂时性肾功能不全。结论 NSS治疗肾癌安全有效,尤其适用于局限性肾癌患者。     

根治性肾切除术治疗小肾癌的远期疗效观察

目的总结根治性肾切除术治疗小肾癌的远期疗效.方法回顾性分析1992年1月至2004年6月采用根治性肾切除术治疗56例小肾癌患者的临床资料和长期随访结果.56例患者中男41例,女15例.平均年龄54岁.设计术后随访表进行追踪随访,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算5年、10年生存率.结果56例患者术前均未发现转移灶.术后组织病理学结果示肾透明细胞癌44例,颗粒细胞癌7例,混合性细胞癌5例;癌组织浸润同侧肾上腺1例,浸润肾周脂肪4例,局部淋巴结转移2例.术后49例（87.5%）获随访,随访时间11～155个月,平均随访71个月.5年、10年生存率分别为81.7%、66.9%.5例术后死于肾癌转移.结论根治性肾切除术治疗小肾癌的远期疗效较好,是治疗小肾癌较理想的术式.     

小切缘保肾手术治疗早期肾细胞癌的长期疗效观察

目的 探讨小切缘保肾手术治疗肾细胞癌的安全性及有效性.方法 1998年1月至2006年12月采用5 mm以上切缘对115例直径≤4 cm的T1a期肾细胞癌患者施行保肾手术.肿瘤平均直径3.3 cm(1.0～4.0 cm),其中双侧肾癌同时保肾手术3例,对侧肾脏正常的单侧肾癌112例.随访观察其远期效果.结果 115例患者手术均成功完成,手术时间80～120 min,平均90 min.术中出血量50～200 ml,均不需输血.98例患者采用肾蒂阻断,局部低温手术,阻断时间20～25 min,平均22 min.17例局限于肾上、下极且体积较小者采用手捏法控制出血,不阻断肾蒂,也不需要局部降温.115例切缘常规冰冻病理检查均未发现肿瘤残留.3例于住院期间出现二次肉眼血尿,经卧床、抗炎、止血治疗痊愈,无尿瘘、感染及需手术处理的大出血等并发症.所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间62个月,其中局部复发1例(异位复发),局部复发率0.9%,所有患者均存活至今,未发生远处转移.结论 小切缘保肾手术有利于保留更多的功能性肾单位,且并发症少,是直径4 cm以下早期肾癌安全、有效的治疗手段.     

Multiple ipsilateral renal tumors discovered at planned nephron sparing surgery: importance of tumor histology and risk of metachronous recurrence

PURPOSE: Unrecognized sporadic multifocality at planned nephron sparing surgery (NSS) presents a surgical dilemma. We report a single institution experience with patients presenting with multiple ipsilateral renal tumors, of which at least 1 was renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We determined the outcome for patients treated with NSS or radical nephrectomy (RN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 118 patients underwent surgery between 1970 and 2000 for sporadic multiple ipsilateral renal tumors, of which at least 1 was RCC. The patients were treated with RN (102) and NSS (16). Clinical features recorded included age at surgery, sex, history of smoking, a preexisting solitary kidney and symptomatic disease at presentation. Pathological features included histological subtype, nuclear grade, tumor stage (2003 TNM) and tumor size. Cancer specific survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A greater proportion of patients treated with NSS had a solitary kidney compared with patients treated with RN (6 or 38% versus 0, p <0.001). Of the 102 patients treated with RN for multiple tumors 12 died of RCC at a median time to death of 3.3 years (range 3 months to 9.5 years). Estimated cancer specific survival at 5 years was 90.1%. There was metachronous contralateral recurrence in 5 patients a median of 8.1 years following RN (range 3 months to 14 years). Two of the 16 patients treated with NSS died of RCC 6 and 11 years following NSS, respectively, for a cancer specific survival rate of 100% at 5 years. Two patients had local renal recurrence 1.7 and 2.8 years following NSS, respectively, and a metachronous contralateral renal tumor was found in 1 patient 7 months following NSS. Of the 102 patients treated with RN 63 (62%) and 9 of the 16 (56%) treated with NSS had at least 1 clear cell RCC. In 23 of the 102 patients (23%) treated with RN only 1 tumor was RCC, while the remainder were benign, suggesting that these patients were potential candidates for NSS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing RN or NSS for multiple ipsilateral renal tumors, of which at least 1 is RCC, have favorable cancer specific survival. The metachronous contralateral recurrence rate for patients with sporadic multifocal lesions is approximately 5%. Planned NSS may not be abandoned if satellite lesions are benign.     

双侧肾癌的诊治与预后（附6例报告）

目的：探讨双侧肾癌（Bilateral renal cell carcinoma,BRCC）患者的诊治与预后。方法：1999年1月～2006年1月我院共诊治BRCC患者6例,平均发病年龄53（35～74）岁。其中双侧同时性肾癌3例,异时性肾癌3例。肿瘤位于肾上极6枚,中极7枚,下极1枚;左肾6枚,右肾8枚;肿瘤平均直径4．6（3～7）cm。3例同时性肾癌患者,2例行双侧同期手术,1例行分期手术。其中2例行一侧肾癌根治术,对侧保留肾单位手术（NSS）;1例一侧先行NSS,2周后再行对侧肾癌根治术。3例异时性肾癌患者均行分期手术治疗,均行一侧肾癌根治术,对侧NSS术。结果：6例随访12～156个月,平均84．5个月。肿瘤转移2例,分别死于肺转移和骨转移;肿瘤局部复发2例;无瘤生存2例。结论：NSS是目前较为理想的双侧肾癌治疗方法。治疗双侧肾癌的原则为尽可能切除肿瘤和最大限度保存。肾功能。     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期肾细胞癌疗效分析

目的 评价比较T1a和T1b期肾细胞痛患者行保留肾单位手术(NSS)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析1999年11月至2009年12月施行NSS治疗的101例T1期肾细胞癌患者临床资料,男性79例,女性22例,年龄28～79岁,平均52.3岁.根据肿瘤病理组织大小分为T1a期62例,T1b期39例.对两组患者一般资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、术中肾动脉阻断率及阻断时间,以及术后并发症发生率、术后肿瘤复发转移及生存情况等进行统计学分析.结果 两组手术时间:T1a组为(151±80)min,T1b期为(158±50)min;术中出血量:T1a期(322±596)ml,T1b期(308±239)ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.32和P=0.45).术后随访8～102个月(平均38.4个月),除T1b期患者中1例于术后36个月因肿瘤转移死亡外,其余100例患者无肿瘤复发.结论 对T1期肾细胞癌患者施行NSS可获得满意临床效果,且T1a与T1b期患者疗效相当.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the safety and effect of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS)in treatment of T1a and T1b renal cell carcinoma. Methods Retrospective analyzed the clinical data of 101patients with T1 renal cell carcinoma underwent NSS from November 1999 to December 2009. Including 79male and 22 female with the mean age of 52. 3 years ( ranged 28 to 79 years). Based on tumor pathologic diameter, 101 patients were divided into T1a group with 62 patient and T1b group with 39 cases.Demographic,intraoperative, postoperative and follow-up data were compared between the 2 groups. Results The operation were performed successfully in all the 101 cases. The mean operation time was ( 151 ± 80)min in group T1a and ( 158 ±50)min in group T1b with no statistical difference (P =0.32). The mean blood loss was ( 322 ± 596) ml in group T1 a and (308 ± 239 ) ml in group T1 b ( P = 0. 45 ). Postoperative followup ranged from 8 to 102 months with a mean of 38.4 months. One patient in T1b group died of distant metastasis 36 months after operation. Others were no tumor recurred. Conclusion Nephron-sparing surgery is safe and effective for the treatment of T1a and T1b renal cell carcinoma.     

Surgical outcomes of nephron-sparing surgery for renal tumors

PURPOSE: We retrospectively assessed the surgical outcomes of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for patients with renal tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1985 to March 2001, a total of 99 NSSs were performed on 94 patients with renal tumors. The patients were divided into three groups. Group I comprised of 22 patients who underwent imperative surgeries for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The tumors were found in 18 patients bilaterally (including 8 patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease), in 3 with solitary kidney, and in 1 with chronic renal failure. The mean +/- standard deviation of patient age and tumor diameter was 46 +/- 23 years and 36 +/- 23 mm, respectively. Twenty-three in situ NSSs were performed on 18 patients in Group I, and the remaining 4 patients were treated with 3 simultaneous operations for bilateral renal tumors with or without 2 ex vivo surgeries. Group II consisted of 49 patients who had small RCCs with the normal contralateral kidney and underwent NSSs (elective indication). The mean age and tumor diameter was 54 +/- 10 years and 28 +/- 11 mm, respectively. Group III consisted of 23 patients with non-RCC tumor (10 angiomyolipomas, 8 cystic tumors, 2 adenomas, 2 metastatic tumors, and 1 degenerative lesion), all of whom were treated with NSS. The mean age and tumor diameter was 47 +/- 14 years and 41 +/- 29 mm, respectively. RESULTS: In Group I, 3 patients died of cancer including 2 patients who had had multiple lung metastases preoperatively. The five-year tumor specific survival rate was 87.3% with a postoperative follow-up of 49 +/- 36 months. In Group II, there were few peri-operative complications or no local recurrence at follow-up of 52 +/- 38 months. A patient developed lung metastasis, which was removed surgically with no evidence of recurrence at 159 months after NSS. Postoperative renal scintigraphy on 35 patients showed well-preserved renal function of the operated kidney. Improvement in surgical techniques resulted in less-invasive surgery in 22 operations during the last 4 years. The patients of Group III were also operated uneventfully, although 1 experienced postoperative bleeding. In 12 patients with solitary kidney (11 in Group I and 1 in Group III) serum creatinine level increased transiently, decreased to 1.3 times of preoperative values within 3 months, and almost recovered at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Excellent outcomes in cancer control and preservation of renal function support the validity of nephron-sparing surgery to treat renal tumors. The candidate patients may include those with bilateral kidney tumors, tumor occuring in the solitary kidney or small renal cell carcinomas with the normal contralateral kidney. Earlier detection of small lesions and less invasive surgical techniques will facilitate a wider indication of NSS.     

Pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: presentation, treatment and survival

PURPOSE: The pancreas is an uncommon site of metastasis from renal cell carcinoma, comprising 2% of pancreatic tumors removed in sizable series of operations. To our knowledge the role of operative resection in the setting of metastatic malignancy to the periampullary region has not yet been defined. We reviewed the records of 6 women and 2 men who underwent pancreatic resection due to malignancy and analyzed various prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 1995, 269 patients underwent pancreatic resection for malignancy at our hospitals, including 150 (56%) for pancreatic duct cancer, 65 (24%) for carcinoma of the ampulla, 27 (10%) for distal bile duct cancer, 19 (7%) for duodenal carcinoma and 8 (3%) for renal cell carcinoma metastasis. We reviewed the records of these latter 8 cases, and analyzed demographics, primary tumor type, disease-free interval, resection type, concomitant other organ resection, histological examination of the specimen, morbidity, adjuvant therapy and survival. RESULTS: Pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma was managed by duodenopancreatectomy in 5 patients and total pancreatectomy in 3. There were no perioperative deaths. Mean tumor size in cases of a solitary pancreatic metastasis was 4 cm. (range 1.5 to 8). In the 3 patients treated with total pancreatectomy there were 2, 5 and 3 pancreatic metastases, respectively. Pathological examination revealed negative lymph nodes in all cases. Mean survival was 48 months. At study end 6 patients were alive at 24, 26, 30, 46, 84 and 88 months, while 2 died at 13 and 70 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We advocate aggressive surgical resection when possible. Surgical removal of metastatic lesions prolongs survival but radical lymph node dissection is not mandatory. We also recommend careful long-term followup of patients with a history of renal cell carcinoma.     

生物制剂与抗癌药联合动脉导管灌注 治疗中晚期肺癌临床应用

目的应用生物制剂与抗癌药联合支气管动脉导管灌注治疗中晚期肺癌,探讨其临床价值。方法中晚期肺癌(转移瘤7例)21例,分别经支气管动脉灌注,支气管动脉、内乳动脉的部分血管栓塞,同时经支气管动脉或肺动脉灌注淋巴激活因子杀伤(LAK)细胞(10~15亿)和高聚金葡素(3000~6000 U)等免疫生物剂。结果21例肺内病灶均见不同程度的缩小,数目减少,有效率达到100%。其中3例肺内肿块完全消失,5例肺肿块显示明显缩小,并行手术切除,6例肺转移灶明显缩小。随访1.5年,其生存率100%,两年以上生存率为85.7%(18/21),与化疗相关的毒副作用明显减轻。结论生物制剂与抗癌药联合支气管动脉导管灌注治疗中晚期肺癌,有利于提高疗效和生存质量。