胃癌根治术后全身静脉化疗联合腹腔区域性化疗30例分析

目的　探讨胃癌根治术后腹腔区域性化疗的疗效。方法　治疗组 3 0例胃癌行根治性切除 (D2 、D3 )手术 ,同时术中安置腹腔化疗泵 ,术后全身静脉化疗联合腹腔区域性化疗。术后每月化疗 ,第 1天用 5 Fu 15 0 0mg DDP 60mg NS10 0 0ml经腹腔化疗泵缓慢滴入 ;第 2天全身静脉化疗 ,CF 2 0 0mg/m2 × 5天 ,5 Fu 75 0mg/m2 × 5天 ,分别加入NS 5 0 0ml静脉滴注 ,MMC 4mg加入NS 2 0ml静脉注射× 1天 ,2 8天为 1个疗程 ,连用 6个疗程。对照组 3 0例胃癌根治性切除术后仅行全身静脉化疗 ,化疗方法同治疗组。结果　治疗组 3 0例 1、2、3年复发率分别为 10 .0 %、3 3 .3 %、43 .3 %。生存率分别为 93 .3 %、80 .0 %、66.6% ,对照组3 0例 ,1、2、3年复发率分别为 3 0 .0 %、63 .3 %、73 .3 %。生存率分别为 83 .3 %、60 .0 %、40 .0 %。结论　胃癌根治术后全身静脉化疗联合腹腔区域性化疗 ,其 2、3、年生存率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其术后肿瘤复发率明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。胃癌根治术后辅助全身静脉化疗并联合腹腔区域性化疗 ,可延长胃癌患者术后生存期 ,提高 3年生存率。     

腹腔温热化疗并全身化疗治疗进展期胃癌47例临床观察

 目的 观察腹腔温热化疗并全身化疗治疗进展期胃癌的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法 47例Ⅱ ~ Ⅳ期胃癌患者在术后1个月内先予顺铂80 ~ 100 mg+氟尿嘧啶1 000 mg行腹腔温热灌注化疗（第1天）并全身化疗（亚叶酸钙100 mg静脉滴注第2天~第5天，氟尿嘧啶500 ~ 750 mg静脉滴注第2天~第5天，吡柔比星50 ~ 60 mg静脉推注第2天），连用3周期后改为常规静脉化疗，用药：亚叶酸钙100 mg、氟尿嘧啶750 mg、顺铂20 mg均静脉滴注，连用5 d，吡柔比星50 ~ 60 mg静脉推注第1天，至少治疗3周期。结果 7例Ⅳ期胃癌患者CR４例，PR３例；47例期胃癌患者随访1年生存率97.9 %，2年生存率76.6 %。结论 腹腔温热化疗并全身化疗治疗方法对进展期胃癌术后患者的近期疗效肯定，毒副作用可以耐受，值得临床继续研究。     

44例胃癌术后静脉化疗联合腹腔热化疗的疗效观察

[目的]评价胃癌术后存在高复发因素的患者行静脉化疗联合腹腔热化疗的疗效及毒副反应。[方法]44例胃癌术后存在高复发因素患者,先行顺铂60mg/m2腹腔内灌注化疗,灌注后1h内行腹腔热疗约1h,休息1周左右,行紫杉醇135～175mg/m2d1静滴,亚叶酸钙200mg/m2静滴3～5d,氟尿嘧啶750mg/d泵内持续滴注3～5d;腹腔热化疗结束后将顺铂改为20mg/d静滴3～5d,紫杉醇135～175mg/m2d1静滴,氟尿嘧啶750mg/d泵内持续滴注3～5d,21d为1个周期。[结果]全组患者1、2、3年生存率分别为86.0%、68.4%、60.0%。复发转移主要表现为吻合口复发及腹膜后淋巴结转移。毒副反应主要为血液学毒性及恶心呕吐。[结论]胃癌术后存在高复发因素的患者采用静脉化疗联合腹腔热化疗可提高生存率,降低局部复发转移率,且毒副反应可耐受,值得临床扩大样本进一步研究。     

胃癌术后早期腹腔化疗22例分析

目的: 观察和分析胃癌术后早期腹腔灌注化疗对防治胃癌局部复发和肝脏转移的价值。方法: 选择自1995 年3 月～1998 年9 月经手术和病理证实的22 例胃癌病人, 手术当日用5Fu行腹腔化疗,连用5 天。结果:1 年生存率90.91% (20/22) ,3 年生存率54.55% (12/22) ,副作用小。结论:该方法对降低胃癌术后局部复发和肝脏转移,提高生存率效果显著,且方法简单、安全、实用,全身毒副反应小     

腹腔免疫治疗加化疗预防胃癌术后腹腔复发239例临床分析

评价腹腔免疫化疗对侵及浆膜的进展期胃癌根治术后预防腹腔复发的疗效。 1993年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月对 2 3 9例可切除的进展期胃癌患者分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组 14 0例应用卡铂 2 0 0mg 白介素Ⅱ 2 0～ 40万单位加入生理盐水 2 0 0～ 3 0 0mL进行多点腹腔穿刺注射 ,连用 5周 ,4个月后重复。对照组 99例则常规进行优福定口服。结果治疗组和对照组 3年生存率分别为 60 6%、45 3 % ,P <0 0 1。腹腔复发率分别为 4 8%、3 49% ,P <0 0 1。腹腔免疫治疗加化疗是预防侵犯浆膜的进展期胃癌术后腹腔复发的一种有效方法。     

胃癌术后腹腔内温热灌洗化疗的临床观察

目的 :探讨胃癌术后腹腔温热灌洗化疗对胃癌术后腹膜转移和生存率的影响。方法 :将胃癌患者随机分为两组各 2 5例。对照组单纯手术 ,研究组手术加术后腹腔温热灌洗化疗 ,方案 :5 Fu +羟基喜树碱 (HPT)观察其并发症及 1～ 3年复发率和生存率。结果 :研究组腹腔 1～ 3年复发率明显低于对照组 ,8%vs 2 0 %,8%vs 32 %及 16 %vs 6 0 %(P <0 0 5 )。 2年及3年生存率明显高于对照组 6 4%vs 48%和 48%vs 32 %(P <0 0 5 )。 1年生存率两组无显著性差异。结论 :胃癌术后腹腔温热灌洗化疗 ,对于防治肿瘤腹膜转移 ,提高患者生存率有重要意义。     

进展期胃癌术中腹腔温热化疗的疗效研究

目的　探讨术中腹腔温热化疗对进展期胃癌患者的疗效。方法　将同期收治的进展期胃癌患者随机分成腹腔温热化疗组(以下称治疗组 )和对照组 ,治疗组在术中行腹腔温热化疗 ,对照组术后常规静脉途径化疗。对术后患者随诊 ,分析两组患者术后生存率、腹腔复发率。结果　治疗组 1、3、5年生存率分别为 89%、82 %、45 % ;对照组 1、3、5年生存率分别为 77%、5 8%、3 6%。两组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。治疗组腹腔复发率为 6% ;对照组腹腔复发率 2 4%。具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。两组毒副作用无关差异。结论　术中温热化疗可提高进展期胃癌患者生存率 ,预防腹腔复发 ,有广阔临床应用前景     

双路化疗治疗胃癌术后复发转移36例

对 72例胃癌术后复发转移患者进行随机分组对照研究。治疗组 36例行常规腹腔穿刺 ,有腹水者尽量放尽腹水 ,给生理盐水 10 0 0mL加 5 FU 15 0 0mg/m2 ,DDP 5 0～ 10 0mg/m2 腹腔灌注 ,HCPT 10mg/m2 ,静脉滴入 ,d1～d5;对照组36例给DDP 40mg/m2 ,d1～d3 ,5 FU 5 0 0mg/m2 ,HCPT 10mg/m2 ,d1～d5,静脉滴入。研究结果提示 ,腹腔静脉双路化疗是治疗胃癌术后复发转移的一种有效方法。     

进展期胃癌术后早期双途径化疗的临床应用

目的 探讨进展期胃癌术后腹腔化疗联合全身化疗对腹腔内复发或转移的影响。方法 将胃癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，各28例。治疗组腹腔灌注化疗联合静脉化疗；对照组单纯静脉化疗。观察其毒副反应及1、3年复发转移率，1、3年生存率。结果 1年复发转移治疗组23．07％，对照组36．00％；3年复发转移治疗组50．00％、对照组84．00％。1年生存率治疗组为88．46％，对照组为88．00％；3年生存率治疗组为69．23％，对照组为36．00％。其中3年复发转移率及生存率均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。两组并发症除腹胀腹痛外无显著性差异。结论 进展期胃癌术后腹腔化疗联合全身化疗对预防肿瘤复发或腹腔内转移、提高生存率有重要意义。     

胃癌术前口服化疗和术中腹腔内温热灌洗化疗的临床疗效

目的　探讨胃癌术前口服 5—Fu乳剂加术中腹腔内温热灌洗化疗对胃癌术后腹膜转移和生存期的影响。方法　将胃癌患者随机分成A、B两组 ,各 3 2例。A组单纯手术 ,B组于术前口服 5—Fu乳剂并于术中进行腹腔内温热灌洗化疗。观察两组不良反应、并发症及 1、3年生存率。结果　A组 1年生存率 78.1% ,B组 81.3 % ,P <0 .0 1。A、B两组化疗毒性反应及并症无显著性差异。结论　胃癌术前口服化疗并术中腹腔内温热灌洗化疗 ,对于防治癌肿腹膜转移 ,提高生存率有一定意义     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

miRNA与肿瘤侵袭转移

目前,microRNA (miRNA)已成为肿瘤研究中最基本的参与者,主要通过与靶标基因3 'UTR(非翻译区)的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动.miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用越来越受到重视,表明miRNA在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新方法.本文就miRNA通过调控上皮间质转化及肿瘤干细胞导致肿瘤侵袭转移的最新研究进展作一综述.     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

Erythrocyte levels of cadmium and lead and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma

Cadmium and lead are persistent environmental toxins that are known or probable carcinogens, based on evidence for causality for nonhematologic cancers. Associations of these metals with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown but biologically plausible. To examine the associations of circulating levels of lead and cadmium exposure with risk of B-cell NHL (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma, we conducted a nested case-control study among 299 incident B-cell NHLs and 76 MM cases within the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). Each case was incidence-density matched to two eligible controls on age, race, sex and blood draw date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lymphoid malignancies overall and stratified by subtype. We observed a significant positive association between high erythrocyte lead concentration and risk of lymphoid malignancies overall (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33 per 17.6 μg/L (1 standard deviation [SD])) and follicular lymphoma in particular (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15-2.80 per SD). In contrast, there was no association between erythrocyte cadmium and risk of B-NHL (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75-1.06 per 0.37 μg/L [1 SD]), or any B-NHL subtypes; but a strong inverse association with MM risk (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, per SD). Results from our study suggest a positive association between erythrocyte lead level and risk of lymphoid malignancies and a possible inverse association between cadmium and myeloma. Additional research is needed to confirm and further explore these findings.     

甲胎蛋白与自噬在肝癌发生发展中的作用及其相互关系

甲胎蛋白（AFP）作为临床诊断肝癌最常用的肿瘤标志物,有抑制免疫、促进细胞生长、抑制癌细胞凋亡的作用。自噬是一种维持细胞生存的重要途径之一,其与肝癌的发生发展及治疗有着密切联系,对肝癌既有抑制又有促进作用。PI3K/AKT作为两者共有的信号通路,它们是否有着相互关系来促进肝癌的发展尚需进一步研究。     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.