2005年河南省局部地区伤寒副伤寒沙门菌株脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

目的 了解河南省伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌主要流行菌型.方法 用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行分型,NTSYSpc 2.1软件聚类分析.结果 来自河南省两个监测点的伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌6株分离菌,根据XbaI酶切PFGE基因指纹图谱分析,6株菌出现5个PFGE基因型别:甲、乙副伤寒沙门菌,伤寒沙门菌3个PFGE型别.结论明确了2...     

云贵高原地区甲型副伤寒沙门菌优势克隆群的研究

目的分析2005-2012年我国云贵高原(广西壮族自治区、贵州省、云南省)临床甲型副伤寒沙门菌分离株分子分型和群体结构。方法收集2005-2012年我国三个伤寒副伤寒高发省份分离自临床的甲型副伤寒沙门菌分离株145株。采用两种酶切(XbaI和SpeI)进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)分型分析。分析描述我国云贵高原近8年来的甲型副伤寒沙门菌优势克隆群及克隆群变迁。结果 145株甲型副伤寒沙门菌采用XbaI酶切可以得到38个PFGE型;采用SpeI酶切可以得到42个PFGE型;利用两种酶切结果联合分析,可以得到71个型别,其中2个型别所含菌数均超过10株。结论有些型别仅分布于某个省份某一年份,有些型别却可以在某一省份长期存在并逐年传播,成为优势型别。不同省份间优势型别有所不同,呈现一定的地域差异。     

玉溪红塔区212株甲型副伤寒沙门菌脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)结果分析

[目的]了解玉溪红塔区甲型副伤寒沙门菌脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)基因型和流行优势型,为探讨传播途径、追踪传染源和确定流行范围等提供依据。[方法]利用XbaⅠ酶切染色体DNA进行PFGE分析。[结果]212株甲型副伤寒沙门菌共分为13种PFGE型,其中0002型123株,占58.02%,0003型46株,占21.7%,0001型32株,占15.1%,0007型2株,占0.94%,其余9个型各1株,分别占0.47%。其中优势型为0002型、0003型和0001型,这3种带型的菌株占到分离菌株的94.8%,并在不同月份和绝大部分乡镇中出现。菌株的带型变化在l～3条范围内,表明红塔区甲型副伤寒沙门菌变异不大,有可能是同一克隆系的甲型副伤寒沙门菌。[结论]红塔区甲型副伤寒沙门菌分离株PFGE型别集中,存在同型菌株的广泛流行。另外10种菌型少见,可能与红塔区甲型副伤寒高度散发有关。     

中国四省甲型副伤寒分离株脉冲场凝胶电泳分析及分型数据库建立

目的对中国4个甲型副伤寒流行省份的分离株进行标准化脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分型分析。方法对来自4个省的甲型副伤寒沙门菌利用XbaⅠ酶切染色体DNA进行PFGE分析，利用BioNumerics建立数据库和进行相似性聚类。结果分离自1998-2002年的89株甲型副伤寒分离株共有11种PFGE带型，这些菌株中具有优势带型。有3种带型相似性在96．3％，这3种带型的菌株占到分析菌株的865％，并在不同省份和年度中出现。结论建立了中国甲型副伤寒沙门菌的用于网络监测分析的PFGE技术和数据库，近年中国部分省份的甲型副伤寒沙门菌分离株PFGE型别集中，存在同型菌株的广泛流行。     

甲型副伤寒沙门菌株的脉冲电场凝胶电泳分型研究

目的探讨台州地区甲型副伤寒沙门菌株的流行病学特征及分型情况。方法用脉冲电场凝胶电泳(PFGE)方法进行分型。结果根据细菌染色体DNA的XbaⅠ酶切图谱,可将台州地区患者中分离的65株甲型副伤寒沙门菌分成9个PFGE型别(X1～X9)。来自温岭菌株有6个PFGE型,三门菌株有4个PFGE型,玉环菌株仅有2个PFGE型,其中X2为优势菌型。结论分型研究表明,甲型副伤寒沙门菌核型上虽在台州地区存在着县区性差异,但均以X2为主要流行菌型,从而提示了同一个克隆群内的菌株广泛传播可能是造成台州地区甲型副伤寒流行的主要原因。     

甲型副伤寒沙门菌株的脉冲电场凝胶电泳分型研究

目的探讨台州地区甲型副伤寒沙门菌株的流行病学特征及分型情况。方法用脉冲电场凝胶电泳(PFGE)方法进行分型。结果根据细菌染色体DNA的XbaⅠ酶切图谱，可将台州地区患者中分离的65株甲型副伤寒沙门菌分成9个PFGE型别(X1～X9)。来自温岭菌株有6个PFGE型，三门菌株有4个PFGE型，玉环菌株仅有2个PFGE型，其中X2为优势菌型。结论分型研究表明，甲型副伤寒沙门菌核型上虽在台州地区存在着县区性差异，但均以X2为主要流行菌型，从而提示了同一个克隆群内的菌株广泛传播可能是造成台州地区甲型副伤寒流行的主要原因。     

2011-2012年杭州市肠道沙门菌临床分离株的分子型别分析

目的研究2011-2012年杭州市肠道沙门菌临床分离株的型别,了解本地菌株分子流行病学特征。方法对66株肠道沙门菌临床分离株进行血清分型和多位点序列分型(MLST)。对其中主要血清型:鼠伤寒、甲型副伤寒、萨雷甲尼和肠炎沙门菌菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型。结果分布于21个血清型的66株沙门菌分成26个ST型别。发现一株纽波特沙门菌为新型ST1690。菌株血清型与MLST型别数据库中所对应的血清型符合率为100.00%。9株甲型副伤寒沙门菌的PFGE带型完全一致(P7型),与先前杭州流行菌株有差异(P1-P6型)。6株肠炎沙门菌分成4个PFGE型,型间最小相似性为92.70%。13株鼠伤寒沙门菌分为11个PFGE型,型间最小相似性为71.70%。7株萨雷甲尼沙门菌分成4个PFGE型别,型间最小相似性为91.00%。结论近年杭州腹泻病人中流行的肠道沙门菌菌株主要血清型为鼠伤寒、甲型副伤寒、萨雷甲尼和肠炎等。甲型副伤寒沙门菌菌株在杭州出现了新PFGE型别。MLST数据可以对沙门菌血清学鉴定提供一定的帮助。     

江苏省2012-2015年伤寒/副伤寒沙门菌耐药及分子分型研究

目的 回顾性分析2012-2015年江苏省伤寒/副伤寒沙门菌的耐药表型和分子分型特征。方法 采集江苏省伤寒/副伤寒监测病例的血液和粪便标本,分离培养伤寒/副伤寒沙门菌后进行生化鉴定和血清分型;采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法检测菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性;应用PFGE技术对伤寒和甲型副伤寒沙门菌进行分子分型。结果 134株伤寒沙门菌和甲型副伤寒沙门菌对萘啶酸的耐药率最高,分别为61.2%和86.7%,其余抗生素的耐药率均低于15.0%。伤寒和甲型副伤寒沙门菌中只耐1种抗生素的菌株最多,多重耐药菌在伤寒沙门菌中占2.6%,而在甲型副伤寒沙门菌中占13.3%。2015年伤寒沙门菌的全敏感菌株构成比较2012年增加了44.3%,同年副伤寒沙门菌中出现了耐5种和6种抗生素的多重耐药株。甲型副伤寒沙门菌可分为8种PFGE型别,多重耐药株与其他菌株条带相似性低,不同型别与耐药谱有对应关系;伤寒沙门菌可分为68种PFGE型别,不同型别间变异度较大,与耐药谱无对应关系。结论 2012-2015年江苏省伤寒/副伤寒沙门菌对抗生素的耐药性总体随时间降低,耐药种类数有所增加。伤寒沙门菌株PFGE带型呈现多样性,无耐药谱对应性;而甲型副伤寒菌株PFGE带型较少,有耐药谱对应性。需要加强重点地区重点型别菌株的监测。     

中国2000-2008年间甲型副伤寒沙门菌脉冲场凝胶电泳和多位点序列分析

目的 分析我国2000-2008年间甲型副伤寒沙门菌流行株的分子分型及病原进化上的特征.方法 应用以Spe Ⅰ为限制性内切酶的脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)方法 和基于9个管家基因位点(aroC、thrA、hisD、purE、sucA、dnaN、hemD、adk和purA)的多位点序列分析(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)分型方法 ,对我国2000-2008年间分离自10个地区的118株甲型副伤寒沙门菌流行株进行分析.结果 应用PFGE方法 将118株甲型副伤寒沙门菌分为32个型,其中包含5株以上的优势PFGE带型有5种.而应用MLST方法 ,所有菌株只分出了2个序列分型(sequence type,ST),各菌株的管家基因序列高度保守,呈现高度克隆化.结论 中国2000-2008年间甲型副伤寒沙门菌菌株应用MLST这种分型方法 很难区分,MLST不适于甲型副伤寒沙门菌的暴发调查和流行病学监测.目前中国的甲型副伤寒是由高度克隆化的菌株引起全国范围的扩散 流行.随着年份的变迁,也积累了散在的变异.     

2008年-2010年上海市部分伤寒副伤寒沙门菌耐药分析及分子分型

目的:了解上海市2008年-2010年伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌的耐药及分子分型特点,初步掌握伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌的分子流行特点,为今后的防制工作提供科学依据。方法:采用WHO推荐的改良K-B纸片法,对18株伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌进行13种抗生素敏感性试验;运用脉冲场凝胶电泳分型(PFGE)方法对18株伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌进行分子分型及聚类分析。结果:18株伤寒副伤寒沙门菌对利福平100%耐药,对奈啶酸的耐药率为44.4%,其中伤寒沙门菌对奈啶酸的耐药率为37.5%,5株甲型副伤寒沙门菌对奈啶酸100%耐药,乙型副伤寒对奈啶酸无耐药株。所有菌株对其他11种抗生素均敏感;18株伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌共产生16种PGFE带型,有3株甲型副伤寒沙门菌表现为同一PFGE型别。结论:2008年-2010年伤寒、副伤寒沙门菌对抗生素的敏感性较高;甲型副伤寒沙门菌之间有较高的同源性,伤寒沙门菌的PFGE带型比较分散。     

Molecular epidemiological investigation of a diffuse outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Montevideo isolates in Osaka Prefecture, Japan

In Osaka Prefecture, Japan, three foodborne outbreaks were caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Montevideo in rapid succession between September 2007 and May 2008. Further, Salmonella Montevideo was also isolated from several sporadic diarrhea patients and asymptomatic carriers examined during approximately the identical period. To investigate the relatedness of the isolates, we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for 29 Salmonella Montevideo isolates obtained in this region between 1991 and 2008. Although antimicrobial susceptibility tests had low discriminatory power, PFGE patterns revealed 17 unique types with <90% similarity in combined analyses involving XbaI and BlnI. Moreover, we detected three VNTR loci that were useful to genotype Salmonella Montevideo isolates, with our method ultimately classifying the isolates into 11 MLVA types based on differences in repeat unit number in each examined locus. Six isolates obtained from patients of two separate foodborne disease outbreaks, one sporadic patient, and three different carriers between 2007 and 2008 had nearly identical PFGE patterns and were classified into the identical MLVA type; further, the isolates with this PFGE and MLVA pattern appeared only at that time between 1991 and 2008. These data strongly suggest that genetically identical Salmonella Montevideo strains may have caused the 2007 and 2008 outbreaks in Osaka Prefecture. Our results demonstrate that PFGE using XbaI and BlnI is useful for discriminating between Salmonella Montevideo isolates, even within a limited area, and reconfirm that continuous epidemiological surveillance for bacterial intestinal infections such as salmonellosis may be useful to not only monitor changes in the genetic diversity of isolates, but to also detect diffuse outbreaks.     

Molecular analysis of Salmonella enteritidis isolates from the Caribbean by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), between 1987 and 1996 we analyzed Salmonella enteritidis isolates from gastroenteritis cases in four Caribbean countries: Barbados, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago. We also determined the resistance of the isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents. Of the 129 isolates of S. enteritidis available for testing, DNA digested by XbaI revealed 13 distinctive PFGE patterns. The most prevalent XbaI PFGE patterns were group 1 (88 of 129 isolates, 68.2%) and group 2 (26 of 129, 20.2%). The patterns found among S. enteritidis isolates correlated with the geographical origin of the isolates. Of the 28 isolates from Barbados, 20 of them (71.4%) belonged to XbaI PFGE group 2, and of the 93 isolates from Trinidad and Tobago, 78 of them (83.9%) belonged to group 1. SpeI digestion of S. enteritidis genome was not as discriminatory as XbaI. Overall, of the 129 isolates, 67 of them (51.9%) exhibited resistance to one or more of the 12 antimicrobial agents that we tested. The prevalence of resistance was 53.8% for the S. enteritidis isolates tested from Trinidad and Tobago, 50.0% for those from Barbados, 28.6% for those from Saint Lucia, and 100.0% for one isolate from the island of Saint Kitts. Resistance was highest to triple sulfur (59 of 129 isolates, 45.7%), followed by furadantoin (10 of 129, 7.8%), ampicillin (7 of 129, 5.4%), and carbamycin (5 of 129, 3.9%).     

脉冲场凝胶电泳在沙门菌食物中毒溯源中的应用研究

目的用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）方法,追踪某次沙门菌食物中毒的来源,确定中毒食品,快速控制传染源。方法对食物中毒中分离的肠炎沙门菌用XbaI酶切总DNA,用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）法进行分子分型,用BioNumerics软件对PFGE分型图谱进行电子化数据分析,绘出聚类分析图。结果脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分型方法对患者样本分离的242株肠炎沙门菌进行分子分型,型别基本一致,表明是同一批食物中毒;从三文治等蛋糕制品中分离的9株菌株与患者分离株图谱完全一致,表明此次食物中毒的源头为某蛋糕厂生产的三文治等食品。结论脉冲场凝胶电泳技术适用于菌株的同源性的分析和传染源的追踪。     

肠炎沙门氏菌脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

目的　为研究肠炎沙门氏菌菌株间的关系,特建立了分子流行病学研究方法脉冲场凝胶电泳分型方法,并对从食品中分离的肠炎沙门氏菌进行了分型研究。方法　1991～2 0 0 1年间,从河南、黑龙江等省份采集食品样品,分离出肠炎沙门氏菌,挑取单个菌落增菌,用溶菌酶、蛋白酶K和TE缓冲液依次提取菌体DNA后,用限制性内切酶XbaΙ消化胶块,然后在CHEFMapper仪上进行脉冲场凝胶电泳,电泳条件:0 . 5×TBE缓冲液、14℃、1%琼脂糖、脉冲时间5s～4 5s、2 6h、6V cm。应用λ噬菌体DNA作为脉冲场凝胶分子量标准。结果　从鸡肉、牛肉、熟肉及蔬菜中分离出30株肠炎沙门氏菌,其中18株来自河南省,绝大多数菌株(2 2株)分离于2 0 0 1年。对所得菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳后,结果显示30株肠炎沙门氏菌分为A、B两个型,两型图谱之间有8个条带的差异。A型菌株有19株,占全部菌株的6 3. 3% ,B型菌株有11株,占36 .7%。A型之内又可以分出2个亚型,其中A1型占78 .9% ,A2亚型与A1亚型相比的差别在于,A2型在5 0kb处有一条带缺失。在菌株分型与采集时间和采集地点之间没有相关性,但所有从鸡肉中分离到的菌株均为A1型,提示了某种有待进一步研究的流行病学趋势。结论　在研究肠炎沙门氏菌不同菌株之间的分子流行病学关系方面,脉冲场凝胶电泳是一种有     

四川省部分地区2010－2011年猪肉生产链中沙门菌耐药特征及分子分型研究

目的 分析2010－2011年四川省部分地区猪肉生产链中沙门菌耐药特性及分子分型特征。方法 对分离的112株沙门菌采用肉汤微量稀释法进行10种抗生素 （组合） 药敏试验,参考CLSI标准 （2010） 判定结果。选取不同菌株来源、 血清型和耐药谱的74株沙门菌,按照美国PulseNet标准进行脉冲场凝胶电泳 （PFGE） 分型。结果 猪肉生产链中沙门菌对四环素耐药率最高 （89.29%）,其次为大观霉素 （36.61%）、 甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑 （35.71%）、 萘啶酸 （33.93%） 和氨苄西林 （24.11%）,多重耐药率为33.93%,对头孢噻呋敏感,共有19种耐药谱。来自猪肉生产链的74株沙门菌可分为34个PFGE谱型,其相似性为40%～100%。结论 四川省猪肉生产链中沙门菌耐药较为严重,其血清型及耐药谱与PFGE分型有一定相关性; 生产链中沙门菌可能存在自上游生产链向下游生产链水平传播的情况。     

2008-2009年北京市沙门菌流行特征和分子分型

目的 分析2008-2009年北京市沙门菌流行特征及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型. 方法 对2008-2009年通过WHO全球沙门菌监测系统及北京市肠道门诊监测系统分离到的137株沙门菌进行生化鉴定、血清分型和相关流行病学分析;利用PFGE进行分子分型. 结果 北京市2008-2009年沙门菌的流行具有明显季节性,6-9月份高发,共分离菌株84株,占64.1%(84/131);患者年龄多为18～40岁,占46.1%(58/128);男性80例,女性51例,男女比例为1.57:1.137株沙门菌分属于20种血清型,其中肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为优势菌型,分别占46.7%(64/137)和17.5%(24/137).共分71种PFGE带型,其中肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌都有16种PFGE型别.肠炎沙门菌的4种PFGE型别(JEGX01.CN0001、JEGX01.CN0003、JFGX01.CN0002、JEGX01.CN0019)和鼠伤寒沙门菌的JPXX01.CN0001为优势分子型别. 结论 2008-2009年北京市沙门菌的流行具有性别、年龄和季节性分布特征;PFGE分子型别较多,且存在差异明显的多个克隆系.

Abstract：

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and molecular phenotypes of Salmonella by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in Beijing from 2008 to 2009. Methods A total of one hundred thirty-seven isolates recovered from the WHO Global Samonella Surveillance system and entero clinic surveillance system were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping.The related epidemiological informations were also analyzed.The isolates were further typed by PFGE. Results The prevalence of Salmonella from 2008 to 2009 showed obvious seasonal character.High incidence occurred from June to September,and 64.1% (84/131) isolates were recovered in this period.Patients of 18-40 year-old were 46.1% (58/128) and 80 patients were male and 40 patients were female with the ratio of 1.57:1.These 137 Salmonella isolates belonged to 20 serotypes,including Enteritidis (46.7%,64/137) and Typhimurium (17.5%,24/137) as the dominant serotype.In total,71 PFGE profiles were identified.Four PFGE patterns of S.Enteritidis isolates (JEGX01.CN0001,JEGX01.CN0003,JEGXO1.CN0002,JEGX01.CN0019) and S.Typhimurium pattern of JPXX01.CN0001 were dominant patterns. Conclusion The prevalence of Salmonella from 2008 to 2009 showed distribution characteristics of sex,age and seasons.The numerous PFGE patterns of Salmonella showed diversity of these isolates and different clones existed in Beijing.     

Molecular subtyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Colombia and Argentina

Salmonella Typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever with 16 million annual cases estimated worldwide. In Colombia and Argentina it is a notifiable disease but many cases have only a clinical diagnosis. Molecular subtyping of S. Typhi is necessary to complement epidemiologic analysis of typhoid fever. The aims of this study were to determine the genetic relationships between the strains circulating in both countries and to evaluate possible variations in the distribution of 12 virulence genes. A total of 136 isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with XbaI following PulseNet protocols and analysis guidelines. Eighty-three different PFGE patterns were identified, showing high diversity among the strains from both countries. Three outbreaks, two in Colombia and one in Argentina, were caused by strains of different PFGE types. In Colombia, two PFGE patterns were found predominantly, which included 36.6% of the isolates from that country. No association was found between the PFGE patterns and the year or place of isolation of the strains, the age of the patients or type of sample. However, several clusters were detected, which included isolates recovered predominantly either from Colombia or Argentina. Most of the strains (97%) exhibited a single virulence profile, suggesting that the pathogenicity markers analyzed are of limited value for strain discrimination and do not correlate with the origin of the isolates (intestinal vs. extra-intestinal). Since the creation of PulseNet Latin America, this was the first international study conducted in South America. The PFGE types identified were incorporated into the Regional S. Typhi PulseNet Database and are now available for comparison with those of strains isolated in other regions. This information will be used for active surveillance, future studies, and outbreak investigations.     

Epidemiological studies of human and animal Salmonella typhimurium DT104 and DT104b isolates in Ireland

A total of 122 human and animal Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 isolates and 6 epidemiologically related DT104b isolates from human and animal products were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Genomic DNA was subjected to macrorestriction with three enzymes, SpeI, SfiI and XbaI. A total of 14 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles were identified when the PFGE patterns from the three enzymes were combined. The majority of isolates (81.2%) exhibited the same RFLP profile. Six animal DT104 isolates, susceptible to enrofloxacin and resistant to naladixic acid, were identified from the antibiotic susceptibility test. Four of these isolates had a different PFGE profile from the common RFLP. In addition, 4 of the 6 isolates were geographically clustered in one region. It was concluded that there was one predominant strain of S. Typhimurium DT104 in Ireland and that the potential and selection pressures for emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were present.     

深圳市龙岗区近年伤寒沙门菌耐药性及脉冲场电泳分子分型研究

目的了解深圳市龙岗区近年伤寒沙门菌的耐药性和同源性。方法收集深圳市龙岗区2004—2007年肠道传染病和食物中毒样品中的伤寒沙门菌并用生化和血清学方法进行鉴定,采用改良K-B法进行药敏试验,伤寒沙门菌基因组经限制性内切酶XbaI酶切后,采用脉冲场电泳（PFGE）获得电泳图谱,再利用BioNumerics软件对电泳图谱进行同源性分析。结果共分离到17株伤寒沙门菌,所有菌株均对青霉素和苯唑西林耐药,对第3代头孢菌素、氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类、氯霉素和复方新诺明敏感。64.7%的菌株对3种或以上抗生素中度耐药或耐药。BioNumerics分析结果显示,共有14个不同的PFGE带型出现,除2株以外其余15株分布于3个相似性在85%以上的簇内。结论深圳市龙岗区伤寒沙门菌的耐药已经成为一种非常普遍的现象,需加强监测。氟喹诺酮类和第3代头孢菌素类抗生素在临床上治疗伤寒沙门菌感染仍然可以取得满意效果。深圳市龙岗区可能存在3个伤寒沙门菌的流行克隆,其传播可能是该区伤寒沙门菌发生的主要原因。