AIDS合并结核病50例分析

目的提高对AIDS合并结核病的认识.方法对1995-2002年在本院就诊的50例AIDS合并结核病进行回顾性分析.结果①分型:原发性肺结核2例,血行播散性肺结核6例,继发性肺结核20例,结核性胸膜炎12例,其他肺外结核10例(其中淋巴结结核8例);②T细胞亚群:50例结核病发病时CD4 细胞计数为5～370/μl,平均CD4 为107±106/μl,其中22例原发性肺结核和继发性肺结核,平均CD4 155±127/μl.28例血行播散性肺结核、结核性胸膜炎和肺外结核平均CD4 为64±60/μl,与单纯的原发性肺结核和继发性肺结核相比,差异具有显著性(P=0.013);③治疗:22例同时接受联合抗病毒治疗和抗痨治疗,胸片完全吸收为3～9个月,时间为4.5±3.5个月.CD4 T淋巴细胞由基线水平上升到200/μl约需要4～26个月,时间为12.5±8.6个月.结论AIDS合并结核病以肺外结核和血行播散性肺结核多见,CD4 T淋巴细胞越低,结核病临床表现越不典型.联合抗病毒治疗和抗结核病治疗能显著改善患者的预后,但需多联合,长疗程.     

艾滋病合并结核病的临床分析

目的 探讨艾滋病合并结核病的临床特点。方法 对1998年至2002年ll例艾滋病合并结核病进行临床分析。结果 (1)艾滋病感染途径：输血感染者8例，其他途径各1例。(2)合并肺结核病6例，其中继发性肺结核3例，原发性肺结核1例，血行播散性肺结核2例；合并肺外结核5例，其中结核性心包积液、结核性脑膜炎各2例，胸腔积液1例；合并多重感染者5例。(3)11例1：2000PPD试验均为阴性。(4)治疗：7例抗病毒与抗结核联合治疗，临床表现明显改善；3例仅抗结核治疗者中1例有效、2例死亡；1例未经任何治疗，6月死亡。结论 艾滋病合并结核病临床表现多样，血行播散性肺结核多，肺外结核多，多重感染多见，抗病毒与抗结核联合治疗有效。     

艾滋病合并结核病的临床分析

目的　探讨艾滋病合并结核病的临床特点。方法 对1998年至2002年11例艾滋病合并结核病进行临床分析。结果 (1)艾滋病感染途径:输血感染者8例,其他途径各1例。(2)合并肺结核病6例,其中继发性肺结核3例,原发性肺结核1例,血行播散性肺结核2例;合并肺外结核5例,其中结核性心包积液、结核性脑膜炎各2例,胸腔积液1例;合并多重感染者5例。(3)11例1:2000PPD试验均为阴性。(4)治疗:7例抗病毒与抗结核联合治疗,临床表现明显改善;3例仅抗结核治疗者中1例有效、2例死亡;1例未经任何治疗,6月死亡。结论 艾滋病合并结核病临床表现多样,血行播散性肺结核多,肺外结核多,多重感染多见,抗病毒与抗结核联合治疗有效。     

艾滋病合并结核病50例分析

目的：提高对艾滋病合并结核病的认识，方法：对1995～2002年在本院就诊的50例艾滋病合并结核病进行回顾性分析，结果：(1)分型：原发性肺结核2例，血行播散性肺结核6例，继发性肺结核20例，结核性胸膜炎12例，其它肺外结核10例(其中淋巴结结核8例)。(2)T细胞亚群：     

93例老年结核病的临床分析

目的探讨老年结核病的临床特点及防治策略。方法对93例确诊老年结核病患者与同期住院的中青年患者进行分析。结果老年结核病患者中肺结核或肺结核合并胸膜炎发病率较高;其中开放性肺结核16例(17.2%),初治菌阳14例(15.1%),复治菌阳2例(2.1%);肺结核合并其他疾病患者58例(62.4%);免疫功能低下19例(20.4%)。结论老年结核病早期诊断及免疫增强剂联合个体化抗结核治疗、同时积极合发症对治愈老年结核患者,控制结核病的蔓延有一定的临床意义。     

93 例老年结核病的临床分析简

目的 探讨老年结核病的临床特点及防治策略.方法对93例确诊老年结核病患者与同期住院的中青年患者进行分析.结果 老年结核病患者中肺结核或肺结核合并胸膜炎发病率较高;其中开放性肺结核16例（17.2%）,初治菌阳14例（15.1%）,复治菌阳2例（2.1%）;肺结核合并其他疾病患者58例（62.4%）;免疫功能低下19例（20.4%）.结论 老年结核病早期诊断及免疫增强剂联合个体化抗结核治疗、同时积极合发症对治愈老年结核患者,控制结核病的蔓延有一定的临床意义.     

提高我国结核性胸膜炎的诊治水平

结核性胸膜炎是最常见的胸膜疾病之一,在各种不同病因的胸腔渗液中占30%～60%,与淋巴结结核并列为最常见的2种肺外结核病。一般说,结核性胸膜炎的发病率与结核病疫情相关,各家报告占肺结核的4.7%～17.6%。西班牙Vidal等报告:在637例结核病患者中胸膜炎占23.3%,美国Me-hta等^[1]报告在每22个结核病患者中仅有1例为结核性胸膜炎。我国是结核病高疫情国家,目前尚无完整的统计资料,北京市结核病胸部肿瘤研究所结核内科住院患者中结核性胸膜炎占18.7%(1955—2004年),且呈增长趋势。随着HIV/AIDS的流行、肺外结核病的增多,结核性胸膜炎也随之增多。     

尸体解剖确诊的21例老年人结核病临床病理分析

目的 回顾性分析尸体解剖病理确诊的21例结核病患者的病理资料,进一步了解老年人结核病的特点,以提高诊治水平.方法 对尸体解剖确诊的21例结核病患者的病理资料进行回顾性分析,按1999年中华医学会结核病学分会制定的结核病新的分类方法,对尸体解剖结果进行分类统计,记录统计患者基础疾病、临床表现、临床诊治情况及死亡原因.结果 21例均为男性,年龄75～98岁,平均(88.0±6.9)岁.所有患者均并存1种以上的基础疾病;呼吸道症状及全身症状均较多见,贫血、低白蛋白血症、血沉增快、体质指数低在老年患者中发生率高,而痰菌阳性率不高;尸体解剖结果显示,21例老年人结核病中,无原发性肺结核患者,血行播散性肺结核3例,继发性肺结核9例,结核性胸膜炎19例,其他肺外结核9例(按受累部位分类,各类型之间有重叠).21例中仅5例生前作出了临床诊断,并接受了抗结核治疗,2例因肝肾毒性停药.结论 老年人结核病是一种全身性疾病,因并存多种基础疾病,造成临床表现、影像学表现均不典型,对老年患者应提高警惕.     

结核性脑膜炎早期诊断和治疗

结核性脑膜炎是重症肺外结核 ,致死致残率高。发病率与结核病感染率成正比。现将我院 1993年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月收治的 70例结核性脑膜炎总结分析如下。临床资料1.一般资料本组 70例中男 4 2例 ,女 2 8例。年龄 11个月～ 6 7岁 ,<14岁 14例 ,14～ 6 0岁 5 4例 ,>6 0岁 2例。发病至就诊时间 3天～2年 ,≤ 14天 18例 ,>14天 5 2例。伴血行播散性肺结核 2 2例 ,继发性肺结核 2 4例 ,原发性肺结核 8例 ,结核性胸膜炎 4例 ,骨关节结核 2例 ,盆腔结核 1例。有卡介苗接种史 4例。密切结核接触史 8例。2 .临床特点(1)症状 :头痛 5 4例 ,发热 5 2…     

提高我国结核性胸膜炎的诊治水平

结核性胸膜炎是最常见的胸膜疾病之一，在各种不同病因的胸腔渗液中占30％～60％，与淋巴结结核并列为最常见的2种肺外结核病。一般说，结核性胸膜炎的发病率与结核病疫情相关，各家报告占肺结核的4．7％～17．6％。西班牙Vidal等报告：在637例结核病患者中胸膜炎占23.3％，美国Mehta等^[1]报告在每22个结核病患者中仅有1例为结核性胸膜炎。我国是结核病高疫情国家，目前尚无完整的统计资料。北京市结核病胸部肿瘤研究所结核内科住院患者中结核性胸膜炎占18．7％（1955-2004年），且呈增长趋势。     

抗α-胞衬蛋白多肽IgA抗体对干燥综合征的诊断价值

目的以α-胞衬蛋白(α-Fodrin)多肽为抗原,采用ELISA检测干燥综合征(Sjgren's syndrome,SS)患者血清抗α-Fodrin多肽IgA抗体(α-Fodrin-derived polypeptide antibody,αF5-IgA),并分析其与SS临床表现和其他实验室指标的关系。方法以固相法合成的α-Fodrin 37-59多肽(αF5)为包被抗原,ELISA定量检测169例原发性干燥综合征(primary Sjgren's syndrome,pSS)、31例继发性干燥综合征(secondary Sjgren syndrome,sSS)、221例其他结缔组织病患者及88名健康对照者血清抗α-Fodrin37-59多肽IgA(αF5-IgA)抗体水平,并分析其与SS患者临床表现及自身抗体、IgG、IgA、血沉及血常规等的相关性。结果 ELISA定量检测抗αF5-IgA抗体,pSS和sSS组的阳性率分别为73.4%和64.5%,而类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和健康对照组的阳性率分别是27.3%、17.8%和2.3%,抗αF5-IgA抗体在SS患者的阳性率显著高于其他结缔组织病患者及健康对照组(χ2=114.5～234.1,P0.01)。抗αF5-IgA抗体对SS诊断的特异性为86.1%,在抗SSA、抗SSB抗体和ANA阴性的pSS患者中,抗αF5-IgA抗体的阳性率分别为48.9%、46.6%和57.1%。抗αF5-IgA抗体阳性pSS患者的肾脏受累率高于抗αF5-IgA抗体阴性患者(χ2=3.0,P0.05)。抗αF5-IgA抗体阳性pSS患者IgG、IgA升高,血沉增快,白细胞与血小板下降的概率明显高于抗体阴性的患者(χ2=17.9～73.5,P0.05)。结论 ELISA法可用于检测SS患者血清抗αF5-IgA抗体,该抗体为诊断SS较为特异的自身抗体之一,且抗αF5-IgA抗体对其他自身抗体阴性的SS的诊断有参考意义。     

Poncet’s disease (reactive arthritis associated with tuberculosis): retrospective case series and review of literature

The primary objective of this study is to describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with Poncet’s disease (PD) in the Makkah region in Saudi Arabia, where tuberculosis is on the rise. The secondary objective is conducting a PD systematic literature review to compare our findings. We studied seven patients who presented with arthritis within the first 3?years from diagnosis of active tuberculosis in two centers in the Makkah region: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and King Fahad Hospital in Jeddah from January 2005 to December 2011. We conducted a literature review on PD in multiple biomedical/pharmaceutical databases up to December 2011. We detected a new pattern of reactive arthritis associated with tuberculosis (TB). We identified this as PD or tuberculous rheumatism, which is a sterile reactive arthritis that can emerge during any stage of acute TB infection. Seven cases of Poncet’s disease were identified in our study. The most common presentation was extrapulmonary with involvement of multiple sites. Six out of seven patients developed arthritis after initiation of anti-TB drugs; one patient developed polyarthritis after completion of anti-TB medication. Asymmetrical polyarthritis was the most common presentation and the resolution of the arthritis was with symptomatic treatment and continuation of anti-TB drugs except in one case. PD may manifest in a variable pattern during the course of active tuberculous infection. Physicians should be aware of this rare complication associated with a common disease to prevent delay in diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment.     

综合医院以不明原因发热为表现的结核病100例临床分析

目的 探讨以不明原因发热(FUO)为表现的结核病的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析100例北京协和医院确诊的以FUO为表现的结核病患者的临床资料.结果 (1)结核累及部位:单纯肺结核39例,单纯肺外结核28例,肺结核合并肺外结核33例.(2)临床表现:由于累及部位的不同,伴随症状各异.实验室检查多为ESR增快和C反应蛋白升高以及不同程度的消耗表现即贫血和低白蛋白血症.(3)诊断方法:抗酸杆菌阳性的34例,组织病理符合结核病的8例,临床诊断并经抗结核治疗有效的49例,诊断性抗结核治疗有效的9例.从发病至确诊的时间为3～77周,中位确诊时间14周.(4)治疗反应:73例随访的患者中仅有2例(2.7%)死亡,其余均好转或治愈.正规抗结核治疗4周以内显效率为77.5%.37例(52.1%)出现药物不良反应,经调整治疗方案和对症处理后均好转.结论 以FUO为表现的结核病诊断比较困难,应对该病临床表现进行综合分析,认真阅读胸部影像学资料,尽可能寻找病原学和病理学的证据,必要时可给予诊断性抗结核治疗.     

Sj?gren's syndrome with solitary nodular pulmonary amyloidosis]

We describe a case of limited pulmonary amyloidosis with Sj?gren syndrome. A 58-yr-old woman was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal chest radiograph (solitary small nodule) that was examined to investigate the cause of a persistent cough. A chest CT revealed a solitary small nodule in the left lower lung field. The specimens obtained by thoracoscopic surgery showed AL (kappa) amyloid deposits with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Immunofixation of the serum and concentrated urine failed to demonstrate monoclonal immunoglobulins, and no amyloid deposits in the stomach were detected. She was subsequently diagnosed as having primary Sj?gren's syndrome. Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with Sj?gren syndrome is very rare condition, and most cases present multiple nodules. As far as is known, this is the first report of a solitary nodule in pulmonary amyloidosis with Sj?gren syndrome.     

气道内结核病的微创治疗

目的探讨氩等离子体凝固术（APC）结合CO2冷冻治疗气道结核的疗效。方法15例气道结核患者中右侧支气管4例，主气管3例，左主支气管9例。在抗结核的基础上，给予气管镜下APC＋冷冻＋药物注射治疗。结果5例干酪坏死型及4例增殖型气道结核经治疗后4—10个月均痊愈。5例接受裸支架的患者，半年～1年后气道再狭窄，将支架取出后给予APC＋冷冻治疗，病情好转。左主支气管闭塞2例，无法再通，另1例经APC＋冷冻＋球囊扩张等处理，半年后痊愈。结论APC结合冷冻治疗气道结核，能加速溃疡愈合，减少气道狭窄的发生。     

643例老年肺结核病的临床分析

目的 探讨近年来老年肺结核病的临床特点,以期提高老年肺结核病的诊治水平。方法 回顾性分析解放军第三○九医院收治的643例老年肺结核患者的肺结核分型、合并疾病、痰或支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中抗酸杆菌(AFB)、临床表现、影像特点、治疗结果及抗结核化疗的不良反应情况。 结果 643例患者中,继发性肺结核占93.9%（604/643）,血行播散性肺结核占6.1%（39/643）,原发性肺结核0例;总AFB阳性率为31.9%（205/643）。症状以咳嗽（514/643,79.9%）、发热（369/643,57.4%）为主,AFB阳性者咳嗽率（87.8%,180/205）高于AFB阴性者(76.3%,334/438)（χ²=11.614,P=0.001）,AFB阴性者盗汗率（32.9%,144/438）高于AFB阳性者（24.4%,50/205）（χ²=4.774,P=0.029)。所有患者中89.6%（576/643）的患者合并其他内科疾病,其中78.1%（450/576）合并2种及2种以上疾病,所有患者中以肺部感染最为常见,达51.2%（329/643）;菌阳者肺部感染率（57.1%,117/205）高于菌阴者（48.4%,212/438）（χ²=4.202,P=0.040）,女性患者（19.7％,37/188）较男性更多合并高血压（13.2％,60/455）（χ²=4.380,P=0.036）。604例继发性肺结核患者肺部病灶以浸润、坏死为主,无空洞患者病灶分布以多肺区为主(41.4％,250/604)。AFB阳性者住院期间痰菌阴转率为59.5％(122/205),治疗总有效率为87.1%（560/643）,住院病死率5.1%（33/643）。抗结核治疗不良反应以肝损害为主,占6.4％（41/643）。结论 643例老年肺结核症状以咳嗽、发热为主;病灶以多肺区为主;合并其他内科疾病几率高,并以肺部感染为首;老年肺结核的治疗应个体化。     

Tuberculous myofasciitis in dermatomyositis

Extraspinal musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) was an uncommon manifestation with a frequency about 1 to 2% in all TB patients. According to the report, tuberculous arthritis and osteomyelitis remained the two leading etiologies, while others constituted less than 2% of all extraspinal musculoskeletal tuberculous infections; less than 0.04% of those who suffered from TB were represented as extraspinal musculoskeletal tuberculous infections, neither tuberculous arthritis- nor osteomyelitis-associated. We presented one extremely rare case of primary tuberculous myofasciitis manifesting painful swelling on the left thigh without previous history of tuberculous infection in a patient with dermatomyositis. We also lodged several predisposing symptoms, such as gradually enlarging swelling of extremity within months and proximal muscle painful weakness with prompt response to steroid, which may help early diagnosing of analogous extraspinal musculoskeletal tuberculosis in dermatomyositis patients; and seasonable administrating of anti-TB agents could prevent deterioration in advance.     

Relapsing polychondritis—case series from South India

Extraspinal musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) was an uncommon manifestation with a frequency about 1 to 2% in all TB patients. According to the report, tuberculous arthritis and osteomyelitis remained the two leading etiologies, while others constituted less than 2% of all extraspinal musculoskeletal tuberculous infections; less than 0.04% of those who suffered from TB were represented as extraspinal musculoskeletal tuberculous infections, neither tuberculous arthritis- nor osteomyelitis-associated. We presented one extremely rare case of primary tuberculous myofasciitis manifesting painful swelling on the left thigh without previous history of tuberculous infection in a patient with dermatomyositis. We also lodged several predisposing symptoms, such as gradually enlarging swelling of extremity within months and proximal muscle painful weakness with prompt response to steroid, which may help early diagnosing of analogous extraspinal musculoskeletal tuberculosis in dermatomyositis patients; and seasonable administrating of anti-TB agents could prevent deterioration in advance.     

Analysis of clinical characteristics and curative effect in 17 urinary tuberculosis children

目的 探讨儿童泌尿系结核临床特征与疗效,提高儿科医师对该病的认识。方法 搜集2015年1月至2020年1月南华大学附属长沙中心医院儿童结核科收治的符合诊断标准的17例泌尿系结核患儿的临床资料进行整理及描述性统计分析。结果 17例患儿均来自湖南各地,其中农村15例,男童11例,年龄中位数(四分位数)为11.0(8.5,16.5)岁。16例接种过卡介苗,6例有明确肺结核密切接触史。并发肺结核、结核性脑膜脑炎和结核性脊髓脊膜炎、腹腔结核分别为14、8、7例。12例有泌尿系症状,其中尿频、尿急、尿痛11例,夜间盗汗9例,发热8例。尿常规异常者12例,PPD试验和结核感染T淋巴细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)阳性者分别为9和12例。泌尿系CT扫描显示结核典型表现、泌尿系受累、膀胱壁增厚者分别为15、15、9例。本组患儿均延误诊断,延误时间为15d至9个月。均以H-R-Z-E抗结核治疗方案(强化期3~6个月,巩固期12~15个月)为基础,仅1例原发性癫痫患儿将异烟肼改为帕司烟肼,并因病情或疗效原因而联用其他一、二线抗结核药品(如丙硫异烟胺、链霉素、左氧氟沙星、利奈唑胺),最终6例治愈,9例病情好转,处于继续治疗中,2例死亡。结论 本省儿童泌尿系结核患儿以农村、男童、大龄多见,接种卡介苗对该年龄段患儿无保护性;有明显结核病密切接触史、泌尿系症状和其他器官结核,PPD试验和T-SPOT.TB阳性、CT扫描有疑似典型病灶改变有助于辅助诊断。积极治疗后效果良好。     

Usefulness of tumor marker CA-125 serum levels for the follow-up of therapeutic responses in tuberculosis patients with and without serositis

The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) serum levels in patients with tuberculosis (TB) with and without tuberculous serositis. A total of 64 TB patients with a mean age of 58.17 ± 19.05 years were enrolled in this observational case series study. All patients underwent blood sampling for the measurement of CA-125 serum levels before treatment. If the CA-125 serum levels were found to be elevated, the patients underwent blood sampling in the initial treatment phase, continuation treatment phase, and every 6 months thereafter for 2 years. The treatment outcomes of the pulmonary TB group were evaluated using chest radiography and sputum examinations, and those of the tuberculous serositis group were evaluated on the basis of the amounts of fluid determined by ultrasound. All patients in the tuberculous serositis group and 45% of the patients in the pulmonary TB group had elevated CA-125 serum levels before treatment. The pretreatment mean CA-125 serum level was significantly higher in the tuberculous serositis group than in the pulmonary TB group. CA-125 serum levels decreased along with improvement in anti-TB treatment outcomes in both the groups. In conclusion, the CA-125 serum levels in combination with clinical responses, chest radiography, and sputum examinations, can offer better monitoring of therapeutic responses in anti-TB treatment.