CT平扫对结核性腹膜炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨结核性腹膜炎的CT平扫表现特征。方法 回顾性分析46例有CT扫描资料的结核性腹膜炎患者,其中经手术病理证实6例,腹腔穿刺证实2例,腹腔镜检证实4例,试验性治疗诊断34例。观察内容包括结核性腹膜炎累及壁腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜及腹膜后间隙的CT表现特征。结果 （1）壁腹膜增厚33例,其中均匀、光滑增厚27例,局部不规则增厚6例;（2）腹腔积液31例,其中20例为少量积液;（3）大网膜增厚26例,表现为污迹样增厚22例,饼状增厚2例;（4）肠系膜受累32例,其中9例合并小结节影：（5）淋巴结增大16例;（6）肠壁增厚1例,肠间距增宽2例。结论 结核性腹膜炎CT平扫的主要表现有少量腹腔积液、均匀性腹膜增厚、大网膜污迹样增厚,以及肠系膜、肠管受累与腹腔淋巴结增大,CT平扫能为结核性腹膜炎的诊断提供重要信息。     

结核性腹膜炎的CT表现

目的探讨结核性腹膜炎(TBP)的CT特点,提高其诊断水平。方法分析32例经临床及病理证实为TBP的CT表现。结果 (1)壁腹膜增厚21例,其中光滑增厚18例、不规则增厚3例;(2)肠系膜改变24例;(3)大网膜改变19例;(4)腹水26例;(5)腹腔淋巴结增大6例。结论 CT能够为临床诊断TBP提供有价值的线索。     

37例卵巢及输卵管结核的CT特征分析

目的探讨卵巢及输卵管结核的CT表现及诊断价值。方法收集滨州市结核病防治院2009年5月至2016年3月收治的37例卵巢及输卵管结核患者,其中11例通过腹腔镜手术一病理检查确诊,其余26例经临床病史、影像学及实验室检查、治疗随访确诊。37例患者均进行了CT平扫和增强扫描。对患者子宫附件区病变的形态、密度、与周围结构的关系及强化特点等进行观察。结果37例患者CT平扫表现为子宫附件区囊性（3例）、囊实性（20例）、实性（14例）肿块;27例患者病变与子宫及周围结构粘连;37例患者伴盆腔或腹盆腔积液23例,其中少量积液19例（呈包裹性积液15例）,中等量积液3例（呈包裹性积液2例）,大量积液1例;附件区钙化灶4例。37例患者CT增强扫描显示子宫附件区囊性肿块边缘强化23例,囊壁均匀;实性部分轻度强化3例,环状强化及蜂窝状强化31例,其余3例为囊性肿块;腹膜均匀增厚20例,网膜污迹样增厚4例,呈饼状网膜1例,肠系膜污迹样增厚12例;腹、盆腔淋巴结环状强化5例。结论CT检查对卵巢及输卵管结核有重要的诊断价值,子宫附件区对称性软组织块呈多发环状、蜂窝状强化可能是相对特异的CT特征。     

老年人肺结核的CT表现

目的　分析老年人肺结核的CT表现,评价CT检查对肺结核诊断的价值。方法 1993年8月至2000年3月间160例老年 (65～89岁,平均72.5岁)肺结核患者做CT检查,其中112例行病灶高分辨扫描 (HRCT)、84例做增强扫描。并进行综合回顾分析。结果 CT表现为：(1)结核病灶分布在一叶以上占78.6%;上、下叶均受累占56.4%,上叶受累占20.5%,下叶受累占23.0%。 (2)病变以纤维化为主占89.4%;伴有空洞者占48.5%;伴有钙化占40.8%;胸膜增厚占18.4%;结核瘤占6.8%。 (3)增强扫描显示病灶呈明显不均匀强化者占90.5%。 (4)具有结核活动征象者占76.8%,HRCT表现为2～4mm小叶中心结节和分支状结构,或5～8mm模糊结节、小叶间隔增厚及邻近支气管壁增厚。 (5)肺结核合并肺癌占9.4% (15160)。结论 老年肺结核的CT表现以纤维化为主,累及下肺叶比例较高,增强CT病灶呈明显强化,合并肺癌的发生率较高。HRCT可作为判断结核有无活动性的方法。     

多层螺旋CT及重组技术在肠系膜静脉血栓中的应用

目的探讨128层螺旋CT及重组技术对肠系膜静脉血栓的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析16例经手术及临床确诊的肠系膜静脉血栓形成患者的128层螺旋CT影像表现,其中14例行增强扫描,并应用多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)技术进行处理。结果 14例肠系膜静脉不同程度增粗,10例肠系膜周围脂肪密度增高呈"脂肪浑浊征",7例管腔内高密度影,13例肠壁增厚水肿,5例肠管扩张、积液积气,10例有不同程度腹腔积液;14例增强扫描中12例显示肠系膜上静脉或肠系膜下静脉及门静脉内低密度充盈缺损呈"靶征",9例肠管管壁强化呈"双环征",3例肠管未强化,2例发生于末梢血管的病变CT未能直接显示血栓,扫描显示了肠管扩张、肠壁增厚、肠壁强化程度减低或肠间小气泡影及门静脉积气等反映继发肠缺血表现的CT征象。结论 128层螺旋CT平扫、增强扫描及三维重组技术相结合是诊断肠系膜静脉血栓的一种有效且无创的影像检查方法,可以明确血栓的部位及范围,对临床治疗有较高的指导价值。     

CT在胸膜结核瘤诊断中的价值

目的探讨胸膜结核瘤CT检查的诊断价值。方法收集山东省滨州市结核病防治院2002年11月—2009年10月经手术病理、肺穿刺细胞学和(或)病理及随访证实的35例胸膜结核瘤(单发26例,多发9例,共53个病灶),全部经CT平扫,16例进行了增强扫描。结果CT平扫表现为紧贴胸膜向肺内突出的结节或团块影,乳头状结节13个,半圆形15个,类圆形21个,椭圆形2个,扁平状1个,不规则形1个;密度较均匀39个,不均匀13个,见条状钙化灶1个。增强扫描,共26个病灶,无明显强化8个,边缘强化15个,明显均匀强化3个。结论CT检查对胸膜结核瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

CT薄层增强扫描对良恶性肺结节的鉴别诊断

目的探讨CT增强扫描对鉴别良恶性肺结节的价值。方法89例肺结节中,恶性63例（均为肺癌）,良性26例。分别于注射100ml造影剂前及注射开始后的35s、2min及5min对病灶进行薄层平扫及增强扫描。观察病灶的强化程度及强化特征,并进行CT-病理对照研究。结果肺癌的强化程度显著高于良性肺结节(P<0.02)。在强化特征方面27例肺癌出现高密度点条征;51例肺癌和4例良性结节强化不均匀;3例肺癌和4例良性结节强化均匀;5例结核球和1例炎性假瘤呈环状强化;12例结核球无强化。结论CT增强扫描对良恶性肺结节的鉴别诊断有较重要的价值。     

儿童肺结核CT影像分析

目的 探讨儿童肺结核的CT平扫及增强的影像表现特征。 方法 回顾性分析2008年7月至2011年8月在我院住院的69例结核病患儿,临床症状、PPD试验及影像学表现均符合结核病特征,经抗结核治疗后复查,患者临床症状及肺部病灶均有所好转。收集患儿的影像学资料,对其进行分析。 结果 69例患儿的CT不同影像表现为：原发性肺结核（8例）包括原发综合征（5例）和胸内淋巴结结核（3例）,原发综合征表现为肺内的原发结核病灶、结核性淋巴管炎及淋巴结炎,此型与胸内淋巴结结核的CT平扫均可见纵隔、肺门及腋窝多发肿大淋巴结,增强扫描不均匀强化或淋巴结中心干酪坏死区无强化,边缘环形强化的特点。原发性血行播散性肺结核（10例）表现为两肺大小、密度、分布均匀一致的粟粒状影合并纵隔淋巴结肿大。原发性肺内浸润性结核病灶和干酪性肺炎（43例）的影像表现为2个肺叶散在分布的结节状、斑片状影,还有甚至双肺多叶多段广泛分布的结核病灶,在结节状、斑片状、大片状结核病灶的基础上形成干酪性肺炎、空洞。结核性胸膜炎（8例）可见不同程度的渗出性胸腔积液及胸膜增厚粘连等表现。 结论 CT平扫及增强对于诊断儿童肺结核,明确肺内各种病灶形态,轻微病灶、隐匿病灶、微结节及干酪性肺炎等具有一定价值,可为临床诊断提供重要依据。     

老年人肺结核的CT表现

目的：分析老年人肺结核的CT表现，评价CT检查对肺结核诊断的价值。方法：1993年8月至2000年3月间160例老年（65-69岁，平均72.5岁）肺结核患者做CT检查，其中112例行病灶高分辨扫描（HRCT）、84例做增强扫描。并进行综合回顾分析。结果：CT表现为：（1）结核病灶分布在一叶以上占78.6％；上、下叶均受累占56.4％，上叶受累占20.5％，下叶受累占23.0％。（2）病变以纤维化为主占89.4％；伴有空洞者占48.5％；伴有钙化占40.8％；胸膜增厚占18.4％；结核瘤占6.8％。（3）增强扫描显示病灶呈明显不均匀强化者占90.5％。（4）具有结核活动征象者占76.8％，HRCT表现为2-4mm小叶中心结节和分支状结核，或5-8mm模糊结节、小叶间隔增厚及邻近支气管壁增厚。（5）肺结核合并癌占9.4％（15/160）。结论：老年肺结核的CT表现以纤维化为主，累及下肺叶比例较高，增强CT病灶呈明显强化，合并肺癌的发生率较高。HRCT可作为判断结核有无活动性的方法。     

15例肝门区胆管癌的CT影象诊断

目的评价CT在肝门区胆管癌诊断中价值.方法搜集15例经手术和病理证实的肝门区胆管癌,分析肿瘤的CT表现并与手术所见和病理相对照,评价CT在肝门区胆管癌的诊断价值和判断肿瘤周围累及范围的准确性.结果本组15例中术前13例CT诊断为肝门区胆管癌,确诊率为86.7%.CT表现6例CT平扫表现为肝门区低密度软组织肿块,增强后2例轻度强化,其余无强化;8例表现为肝门区胆管壁不规则增厚,管腔狭窄,增强后增厚的管壁可有轻度的强化;2例因胆管壁均匀轻度增厚而误诊为胆管炎.CT发现肝脏浸润或转移8例,术中和病理确诊12例;CT发现肝动脉浸润1例,门静脉浸润4例,术中发现肝动脉受浸4例,门脉受累7例;CT显示1例胆囊受累,术中发现4例;CT明确3例肝门区淋巴结转移,5例可疑转移,手术和病理证实9例;6例腹膜后淋巴结转移,5例CT明确诊断;5例肝门脂肪浸润,CT仅显示1例;其他2例神经受浸,2例腹膜种植在CT上均不明确.CT在判断肿瘤周围累及范围的准确性为53%.结论CT在检出和识别肝门区胆管癌中有重要的价值,在判断肿瘤周围浸润的程度时仍有一定局限性.     

Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

Mesothelioma often originates in the pleura and less frequently in the peritoneum. This article describes a rare case of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a 54-year-old male construction worker who was admitted to our hospital with a 2-month history of progressive abdominal distention. Abdominal computed tomography revealed extensive peritoneal nodularity and omental cake along with massive ascites. Imaging findings initially suggested peritoneal carcinomatosis, primary peritoneal carcinoma, and tuberculous peritonitis. Laparoscopic biopsy of the omentum and peritoneum confirmed the diagnosis of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma of epitheloid type. Although systemic chemotherapy was administered, no tumor regression was found. The patient finally died of nosocomial infection.     

A case of tuberculous peritonitis diagnosed by ultrasonography-guide peritoneal biopsy

The diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis is quite difficult because the symptoms are not specific for the disease and the incidence of occurrence are relatively rare. We report a case of tuberculous peritonitis diagnosed by ultrasonography-guided peritoneal biopsy. A 64-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of fever, dyspnea and abdominal pain. Laboratory findings revealed an elevated ESR (53 mm/1 hr.) and positive CRP. The tuberculin skin test was negative. The chest radiograph revealed bilateral pleural effusion. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination and computed tomography showed ascitic fluid, thickening of the mesentery and peritoneum, and inflammatory pseudotumor of the omentum. Ascitic fluid was exudate with a high lymphocyte count and elevated ADA (184 IU/l). Microbiological studies with the fluid were negative. Peritoneal biopsy guided by ultrasonography was performed, and the specimens showed central caseous necrosis surrounded by epitheloid cells and acid-fast bacilli were demonstrated. The size of the pseudotumor, pleural effusion and ascites decreased after antituberculous chemotherapy with corticosteroid was given. Diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis has often been made by laparotomy or laparoscopy. In a case of this kind, percutaneous peritoneal biopsy guided by ultrasonography is safe and useful.     

经自然腔道内镜手术检查诊断结核性腹膜炎20例

目的探讨经胃的经自然腔道内镜手术（NOTES）腹腔内镜检查对结核性腹膜炎的诊断价值。方法回顾20例经胃NOTES腹腔内镜检查及病理活检确诊为结核性腹膜炎患者的相关临床资料,并进行性分析总结。结果20例患者经胃NOETS腹腔内镜检查及病理活检后明确诊断为结核性腹膜炎。内镜检查结果为4型：（1）粟粒型：内镜表现为腹水、腹膜散在分布白色粟粒状结节;（2）粘连型：内镜表现腹膜增厚,腹膜与网膜、肠管之间存在不同程度的粘连;（3）干酪型：内镜表现壁层溃疡及淡黄色于酪样物质;（4）混合型：内镜表现为同时存在2种或3种类型。其他各项实验室及特殊检查的阳性例数分别为血红蛋白下降10例,红细胞沉降率增快16例,C反应蛋白升高13例,CA125升高18例,胸片异常8例,腹部彩超异常2例,腹部CT异常7例,结核菌素实验阳性9例,结肠镜检查阳性1例,20例结核抗体、腹水培养、腹水细菌学检查、胃镜检查均阴性。结论经胃NOTES腹腔内镜检查及病理活检是确诊结核性腹膜炎非常有效的诊断方法。     

Abdominal tuberculosis in children: CT findings

Tuberculous peritonitis is a rare manifestation of childhood tuberculosis. The computed tomographic (CT) scans of three patients with abdominal tuberculosis were reviewed to determine the range of abdominal involvement. This report describes the following CT features of abdominal tuberculosis: (1) diffuse lymphadenopathy involving mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymph nodes; (2) low-density lymph nodes with multilocular appearance following intravenous contrast; (3) high-density ascites; (4) mottled low-density masses in the omentum; (5) thickening of the bowel wall adjacent to the mesentery; and (6) hepatic pseudotumors. These CT features of abdominal tuberculosis, in the appropriate clinical setting, should help optimize the correct diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in children.     

Malignant mesothelioma of the greater omentum mimicking omental infarction： A case report

Mesothelioma develops most commonly in the pleura, and less frequently in the peritoneum. Usually, it manifests as diffuse peritoneal thickening and multiple nodules, and rarely as a solitary mass. We report a rare case of primary malignant mesothelioma of the greater omentum, which mimicked omental infarct. A 54-year-old Korean man was admitted because of severe abdominal pain of sudden onset. A tender mass with indistinct margins was palpated in the upper abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography showed an illdefined mass in the greater omentum and little ascites in the peri-hepatic space, and neutrophil-dominant exudates were documented on paracentesis. Intravenous antibiotics and analgesics were given for omental infarction with superimposed infection, which resulted in symptomatic improvement. The imaging studies after a week revealed a growing mass and ascites. Laparoscopic surgery was performed and an 8 cm × 3.3 cm greater omental mass was found, with multiple small nodules on the peritoneum, diaphragm, and pelvic cavity wall. Histological examination showed proliferating malignant epithelioid cells that stained strongly for calretinin, which was compatible with malignant mesothelioma. We recommend that primary omental mesothelioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with omental infarction, despite its rarity.     

Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma with Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignant tumor with peritoneal thickening. Tuberculous peritonitis also shows peritoneal thickening, so differentiating between the two is important but difficult if latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is present. We herein report a patient with MPM and LTBI. A 79-year-old man was diagnosed with peritoneal thickening on computed tomography. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) results were positive, suggesting tuberculous peritonitis. He underwent a laparoscopic omental biopsy and was diagnosed with MPM, which can occur together with LTBI. If peritoneal thickening is observed, an IGRA should be performed early, and the possibility of LTBI should be considered.     

MRI manifestations of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Three cases of proved peritoneal carcinomatosis were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Air was used to distend the entire gastrointestinal tract via an antegrade method. The findings included seedings along the small intestine, transverse and sigmoid colon, stellate pattern in the mesentery, plaque-like and bulky tumor masses in the mesentery and greater omentum, and focal thickenings along the right subdiaphragmatic parietal peritoneum. Stenosis caused by tumor encasement at the duodenojejunal junction and ileocolic anastomosis were first detected by MRI and later confirmed by barium studies. Ascites was present in all cases. One case showed ascites located only along the left paracolic gutter. This report shows that MRI is also able to demonstrate peritoneal carcinomatosis by using air as a gastrointestinal contrast medium.