鼓槌石斛中一新的联苄类化合物——鼓槌石斛素

从兰科鼓槌石斛(Dendrobium chrysotoxum)中分得一新的联苄类化合物,经光谱分析(UV,IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR和DIFNOE),其结构确定为4-羟基-3,5,3',4'-四甲氧基联苄,命名为鼓槌石斛素。关键词鼓槌石斛;鼓槌石斛素;联苄类化合物。     

苔纲植物中双联苄类化合物研究进展

双联苄类化合物是苔纲植物特有一类新型活性天然产物。本文综述了此类化合物的结构类型,植物来源,生物活性,波谱特征和结构鉴定方法。     

天然炔类化合物的研究现况

本文简要综述了近年来天然炔类化合物的植物化学及药理方面的研究现状。主要包括炔类化合物的提取分离及抗肿瘤、抗炎等生物活性的研究概况。     

双联苄类化合物结构多样性的研究进展

目的对双联苄类化合物结构多样性进行综述。方法查阅国内外相关文献29篇,从生源合成、旋阻异构和化学合成三方面介绍双联苄类化合物的结构多样性。结果与结论双联苄化合物是光学活性奇特的天然产物,其结构类型多样,深入研究其结构特征,对理解这类天然产物的构效关系的研究和生物合成都具有指导性作用。     

黄草类石斛的薄层色谱鉴别研究

目的：建立黄草类石斛的薄层色谱（TLC）定性鉴别方法。方法：采用薄层色谱法,考察不同基源石斛及商品药材中专属性成分联苄类化合物毛兰素（erianin）、石斛酚（gigantol）、杓唇石斛素（moscatilin）和3,4＇-,5-三羟基．3’-甲氧基联苄（tristin）的薄层色谱行为,对石斛药材进行定性鉴别。结果：通过21种不同基源的石斛及11批商品石斛的薄层色谱鉴别,证明此方法专属性强,操作简单,重复性好,为石斛的鉴别提供了一种准确、有效的新方法。结论：本方法可用于黄草类石斛的鉴别,为中药石斛的质量标准研究提供科学依据。     

蒽醌类化合物在蓼科的分布及生物活性研究进展

［摘要］蒽醌类化合物广泛存在于植物中,具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、保肝、降血脂、降血压、抗菌、抗炎、致泻等重要的生物活性。综述蒽醌类化合物在蓼科植物中的分布及在抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化等生物活性研究进展,为进一步开发和利用蓼科植物提供参考。     

香豆素抗炎活性的研究进展

香豆素在自然界中广泛存在于各类植物中,也存在少数的真菌及细菌中,是植物次级代谢产物。香豆素类化合物广泛的药理活性与其结构密不可分。该文对香豆素类化合物来源、结构与分类及抗炎活性进行了综述。     

黄酮并木脂素类化合物的研究进展

目的对黄酮并木脂素类化合物研究进展进行综述。方法查阅国内外相关文献40篇,从植物分布、结构类型、生物活性、结构研究方法等方面对黄酮并木脂素类化合物的研究进展进行综述。结果黄酮并木脂素类化合物分布广泛,结构类型多样,且具有保肝、抗氧化、抗心血管疾病等生物活性。结论为黄酮并木脂素的研究开发提供参考。     

八角属植物中的C6-C3类化合物及其药理活性研究进展

八角属植物中富含C₆-C₃类化合物,结构类型多样,有苯丙素类、木质素类和独特新颖的植物醌类,并具有较好的抗炎、神经营养、抗癌和抗氧化等活性,药用开发前景广阔。本文根据国内外文献报道,对该属植物C₆-C₃类化合物及其药理活性研究进展进行综述,为进一步研究开发该属植物提供参考。     

酶联免疫吸附试验和单克隆抗体在紫杉醇类化合物开发研究中的应用

酶联免疫吸附试验和单克隆抗体是当今生物技术学重要的检测手段和主要的研究工具,曾在医学、生物学等领域作出了重大贡献。近年来,这些重要的免疫技术又在药学领域放出了异彩。本文介绍了这些新技术在指导从红豆杉属植物中发现新紫杉醇类化合物应用实例及对紫杉醇类化合物特异的单克隆抗体的制备方法和应用程序。     

新世纪营养与保健食品发展趋势的探讨

改革开发30多年来，我国营养保健食品行业得到长足发展。现以介绍国内外营养保健食品、药食同源物品及新资源食品的认识为契机，对新世纪营养与保健食品的发展趋势做了预测，同时，表达对未来保健食品产业的期望。     

An update on using protein microarrays in drug discovery

Protein microarrays are evolving as useful tools for biopharmaceutical research. The differences in characteristics of individual proteins has made development challenging compared with DNA arrays. Nonetheless, significant advances have nontheless been made in developing protein microarray technology. Retention of function has been demonstrated for proteins belonging to various structural and functional classes after arraying. Focused arrays with small groups of proteins have been developed for a variety of applications, from biomarker validation to small molecule screening. Issues of protein stability as well as assay specificity and sensitivity, are being worked out for panels of arrayed proteins. The development of robust manufacturing methods has resulted in an increase in the number of commercially available protein array products. Quality control guidelines, which will also aid in accelerating development of the technology, are being established.     

Nicotine-induced behavioral disinhibition and ethanol preference correlate after repeated nicotine treatment

This study investigated the effects of repeated daily nicotine (0.35 mg/kg; 15 days) treatment on behavioral inhibition and locomotor activity in the elevated plus-maze and on voluntary ethanol consumption. When challenged with nicotine before the test, rats pretreated with repeated nicotine spent more time on and made more entries onto the open arms of an elevated plus-maze than did vehicle-pretreated animals. The ethanol preference and intake, measured during 3 h after a nicotine injection, was also higher in the nicotine-pretreated animals. In ethanol consumption experiments, there was a positive correlation between the % time and % entries made onto open arms vs. the ethanol preference and intake. However, no correlation between the total number of entries made in the elevated plus-maze and the measures of ethanol consumption was observed. These findings suggest that the ability of repeated nicotine administration to increase ethanol consumption is related to development of a nicotine-induced reduction of inhibitory control rather than development of locomotor sensitization.     

药物统计学本科课程的教学研讨

药物统计学是统计学的一门应用分支学科,也是数学和药学相结合的交叉学科,正在药学研究中发挥越来越重要的作用。该学科的高校教学及人才培养是学界和教育界的研讨热点问题,但具体方案报道不多。安徽医科大学药学院从2005年始开设药物统计学本科课程,该文总结了近年来本单位在该学科教学方面的一些心得体会,并对相关教学问题进行了深入探讨。     

Assessment of the feasibility of oral controlled release in an exploratory development setting

Controlled release (CR) formulations have generally been considered as follow-ons to conventional immediate release formulations to manage the life cycle of a product. Although significant opportunities exist to use CR as an enabling technology for certain exploratory drug candidates, they have not been fully exploited. However, progress made in assessing CR feasibility based on the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug, together with advances made in understanding the various CR technologies and developing formulations in a fast and efficient manner, have increasingly made it possible to consider CR in an exploratory development setting.     

Mechanisms for modulating TNF alpha in immune and inflammatory disease

The development of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) inhibitors has been one of the most active areas of drug development over the last ten years for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Following the definition of TNF alpha as a key mediator of inflammatory disease and the success demonstrated by various anti-TNF alpha strategies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, many investigators have sought to refine mechanisms by which to modulate TNF alpha in vivo. Many advances are presently being made in the understanding of how TNF alpha production is regulated, and with this knowledge comes the identification of new targets and pathways for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the development of the currently available therapeutics and the progressive steps that are being made to improve clinical efficacy of anti-TNF alpha strategies.     

Preclinical Considerations for Life-Threatening Illnesses

Abstract

The implementation of the expedited development regulations in 1988 has had a significant impact on the development of products for serious and life-threatening illnesses. One important aspect of the development of a drug for any condition is the preclinical information about the product. The expedited rules have allowed for early decisions to be made concerning the development of drugs for diseases such as AIDS, cancer and Alzheimer's disease.     

Advances in automation of pharmaceutical analysis

The development of a new drug substance and its dosage forms demands the establishment and implementation of suitable analytical methods. Through the application of chemometrics, “intelligent” laboratory systems and integrated data handling systems, considerable progress is being made in automating both the development and routine use of analytical methods in pharmaceutical analysis.     

Microsponges: a futuristic approach for oral drug delivery

INTRODUCTION: Microparticulate drug delivery systems have, due to their advantages, guided researchers across the globe to explore them as drug carriers. This has, sequentially, led to the development of microsponges in 1988. These porous microspheres were exclusively designed for chronotherapeutic topical drug delivery but attempts to utilize them for oral, pulmonary and parenteral drug delivery were also made. Researchers have extensively studied their properties and characteristics affecting the drug release and loading. Various advances were made with this carrier particle resulting in the development of various novel development techniques and carrier particles. AREAS COVERED: This review deals with the considerations of the drug material to be entrapped in microsponges, pharmaceutical considerations for fabrication of microsponges, their potential for oral drug delivery, clinical perspectives and also provides an insight on the recent advances made in this field and future prospect. EXPERT OPINION: Clinical studies show that these carriers can increase drug efficacy. Due to their potential advantages over other carrier particles, microsponges form a prospective platform for the oral delivery of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Although these carriers have several advantages, they too possess some drawbacks which limit their commercialization for oral application.     

PDX模型在肺癌靶向治疗中的应用进展★

肺癌是最常见的肿瘤之一，也是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。近几十年来，肺癌治疗药物的研发及新的肺癌早期诊断生物标志物的开发都取得了重大进展，但传统的临床前模型即细胞系模型用于肺癌诊断和后期疗效评估仍有许多不足。目前，肺癌的临床前研究主要依赖患者来源的肿瘤异种移植（PDX）模型进行药物筛选、联合临床试验和个性化医疗策略的临床前评估。本文概述了PDX模型的建立及其特征，并讨论了其在肺癌临床前治疗中的应用。