Effect of repeated regional myocardial ischemia in the rat heart on reperfusion arrhythmias and release of norepinephrine.

We tested the hypothesis that repetitive regional myocardial ischemia in the rat could decrease reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias, possibly acting by diminished release of norepinephrine. Isolated perfused working rat hearts were pre-labeled with tritiated norepinephrine (NE3H). The efflux of 3H-labeled compounds was measured in the effluent coronary flow. Each heart was subjected to two consecutive periods of regional myocardial ischemia induced by ligature of the left coronary artery. The duration of the first ischemic period was 5 or 10 min and that of the second was 10 min. Serious rhythm disturbances did not occur during the first period of ischemia but did after reperfusion. The amount of NE3H liberated during the reperfusion period was more marked after an initial ischemic period of 10 min than after 5 min of ischemia. Reperfusion arrhythmias were of little importance after 5 min of ischemia but developed in a sustained pattern when reperfusion followed 10 min of ischemia. After 5 min of ischemia, the mean duration of reperfusion arrhythmias was 12.8 +/- 10.4 s during the first 3 min of reperfusion, but after 10 min of ischemia the mean duration of serious rhythm disturbances was 149.7 +/- 16.7 s. Reperfusion after the second 10-min occlusion increased the release of NE3H. In series 5-10, the percentage of NE3H compared with the total radioactivity was a mean of 71.4 +/- 3.3% during the 5 min of ligature, 79.0 +/- 5.3% during the first 3 min of reperfusion. During the 10-10 series in which the ligature was maintained for 10 min, the percentage of NE3H compared with the total radioactivity was 70.6 +/- 5.1%, 81.1 +/- 8.7% during the first 3 min of reperfusion. These results show no reduction of any catecholamine release or of reperfusion arrhythmias by repetitive regional ischemia and provide no evidence for any preconditioning effect after short periods of regional ischemia. The antiarrhythmic effects of repetitive myocardial ischemia such as preconditioning previously reported may depend on the exact protocols used.     

Effect of substrate on release of myocardial norepinephrine and ventricular arrhythmias following reperfusion of the ischemic isolated working rat heart

Isolated rat hearts were prelabeled with 3H-norepinephrine (NE), submitted to coronary artery ligation, and perfused through the left atrium with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 3 mM potassium and four different substrates: 5.5 mM glucose, 5.5 mM glucose plus 0.15 or 0.5 mM palmitate bound to albumin in a molar ratio of 6:1, and 11 mM glucose. The coronary artery ligature was removed after 30 min of perfusion of the ischemic working heart. With all substrates the release of radioactivity in the coronary effluent remained relatively constant during the ischemic period. Reperfusion was associated with a sudden release of radioactivity and of 3H-NE, but the intensity of the efflux was influenced by the nature of the perfusion substrate. The highest release was observed with 5.5 mM glucose and the lowest release in the presence of 0.15 mM palmitate. Intermediate and similar releases were seen with the two other substrates. On reperfusion of the ischemic heart, ventricular arrhythmias (tachycardia and fibrillation) were very marked with 5.5 mM glucose and in the presence of 0.5 mM palmitate. They were significantly delayed in the presence of 0.15 mM palmitate and almost absent with 11 mM glucose. These results do not show a relationship between the amount of NE liberated during the post-ischemic period and the extent of ventricular reperfusion arrhythmias. We conclude that either myocardial NE is not implicated in the genesis of reperfusion arrhythmias or that cardiac vulnerability to the arrhythmogenic effect of NE is influenced by the metabolic state of the myocardium, which is dependent on the nature of the perfusion substrate.     

Ischemia-reperfusion injury and histamine release in isolated guinea-pig heart: the role of free radicals

Free radicals produced by the occlusion and opening of the left anterior descending coronary artery and/or by perfusion of isolated guinea-pig heart with FeCl3/ADP (10 microM/100 microM) induce a differential release of histamine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the perfusates with a preferential liberation of histamine in the reperfusion phase, associated with an increase of ventricular arrhythmias. The release of histamine has been correlated with malonyldialdehyde (MDA) production and tissue calcium content in left ventricular tissue. MDA increased during ischemia, while the calcium content increased when the tissue was reperfused. Under these conditions, N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (BPN), a molecule capable of forming spin adducts with free radicals, and D-mannitol are active in preventing reperfusion-induced arrhythmias.     

Sex Differences in Postischemic Cardiac Dysfunction and Norepinephrine Overflow in Rat Heart: The Role of Estrogen Against Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Damage Via an NO-mediated Mechanism

ABSTRACT:: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between sex difference and norepinephrine (NE) release in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Isolated male and female rat hearts were subjected to 40-minute global ischemia followed by 30-minute reperfusion. Compared with male hearts, I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction, such as decreased left ventricular developed pressure and dP/dtmax and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure, was significantly attenuated in female hearts. An excessive NE overflow in the coronary effluent from the postischemic heart in females was much less than that in males. These sex differences were abolished by ovariectomy, but in vivo treatment with 17β-estradiol recovered it. This ameliorating effect of 17β-estradiol was not observed in the presence of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine. When NOx (NO2/NO3) levels in the coronary effluent after onset of reperfusion were measured, reversed correlated relationships between NOx production and I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction, and NE overflow, were observed. These findings suggest that sex differences in the postischemic cardiac dysfunction are closely related to the NE overflow from the postischemic heart and that estrogen plays a key role in the cardioprotective effect against I/R injury in female rats, by suppressing NE release via the enhancement of NO production.     

Role of histamine H3 receptors during ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat hearts

Histamine H3 receptors are involved in regulating the release of norepinephrine (NE), in both central and peripheral nervous systems. We investigated the effect of R-alpha-methylhistamine (R-HA), a selective H3 receptor agonist, and thioperamide (Thiop), a selective H3 receptor antagonist, on ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes in carrier-mediated NE release and cardiac function in isolated rat heart. Hearts were subjected to 40-minute ischemia followed by 30-minute reperfusion. Ischemia/reperfusion evoked massive NE release, which was markedly suppressed by the treatment with desipramine (DMI), a neuronal NE transporter blocker. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac dysfunction (decreases in left ventricular developed pressure, LVDP, and the first derivative of left ventricular pressure, dP/dt, and a rise in left ventricular end diastolic pressure, LVEDP) was also improved by the DMI treatment. The treatment with R-HA also significantly decreased the excessive NE release induced by the ischemia/reperfusion, improved the recovery of LVDP and dP/dt, and suppressed the rise in LVEDP. Thiop did not affect NE release and cardiac function after the reperfusion. When R-HA was administered concomitantly with Thiop, R-HA failed to attenuate ischemia/reperfusion-induced NE release and cardiac dysfunction. Thus, it seems likely that the ischemia/reperfusion-induced carrier-mediated NE release in rat hearts is negatively regulated by the activation of H3 receptors, probably located on cardiac noradrenergic nerve endings.     

Histamine release in acute coronary occlusion-reperfusion in isolated guinea-pig heart

It has been shown that plasma histamine significantly increases during myocardial infarction in the dog. Histamine is also released when the isolated guinea-pig heart is reperfused after 30 minutes of low flow perfusion. The release of histamine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and release were investigated in the present study and related to the changes in electrocardiographic parameters and to a computer-aided analysis of left ventricular mast cell metachromasia. Spontaneous release of histamine was unchanged during ischemia and increased after the release of the ligature, while we observed a steady increase of LDH overflow. In parallel, a significant diminution of mast cell granule metachromasia was observed in left ventricular samples. The perfusion of the heart with FeCl3/ADP (10 microM/100 microM), a free radical-generating system, significantly enhanced both the basal and ischemic-reperfusion release of histamine, while perfusion with N-t-butyl-phenyl-nitrone (BPN/100 microM) a "spin-trapper" molecule, significantly decreased histamine and LDH release and the loss in metachromasia of left ventricular mast cells induced by reperfusion. Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (allopurinol, 10 microM) and of calcium-activated proteases (leupeptin, 10 microM) modified the kinetics of histamine and LDH release.     

Local release of myocardial norepinephrine during acute ischemia: an experimental study in the isolated perfused rat heart

The appearance of an early ischemia-induced local release of myocardial norepinephrine (NE) was examined in the isolated Langendorff-perfused rat heart prelabeled with [3H]NE. Either glucose or lactate was used as the perfusion substrate. Ischemia for a 60-min period was produced by global flow reduction (by 90%) or left coronary artery ligation followed by a 15-min reperfusion period. During the first 20 min of ischemia both the concentration of [3H]NE and the fraction of total 3H representing nonmetabolized [3H]NE were increased in the coronary venous effluent. This early increase in [3H]NE concentration was most pronounced in hearts with global ischemia perfused with lactate as substrate (from 19 +/- 2 to 524 +/- 76 fmol/ml/g after 20 min of ischemia). The quantity of [3H]NE released was then further increased during the 60-min period of ischemia. Reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium was associated with a marked outflow of [3H]NE and [3H]NE metabolites, primarily representing a washout from the ischemic tissue. Under the present experimental conditions the ischemia-induced release of NE was attenuated by glucose, probably owing to an ongoing glycolytic ATP formation. This effect was most pronounced during global low-flow ischemia. It is concluded that ischemia is associated with a local release of myocardial NE. In the nonworking Langendorff heart preparation, clear evidence of such a local release was already obtained after 10-20 min of ischemia.     

Comparison of the effect of antidepressant drugs on arrhythmias in the isolated rat heart subjected to myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion

Rat isolated hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff's method. The hearts were prelabelled with 3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) and the left coronary artery was occluded during 10 min. The liberation of 3H-NA and the development of ventricular arrhythmias were investigated during ischaemia and the following reperfusion period. In control preparations, reperfusion was followed by ventricular fibrillation and a sudden release of radioactivity in the coronary effluent. Antidepressants such as imipramine, metapramine, mianserin and nomifensine prevented reperfusion arrhythmias in a concentration-dependent manner and caused bradycardia. Amineptine, however, was ineffective in preventing reperfusion arrhythmias even in a high concentration, this agent did not decrease heart rate. Nevertheless none of the antidepressants changed the rate of liberation of 3H-NA during the ligation and reperfusion periods. A quinidine like action seems the most appropriate explanation for the cardiac effects of these antidepressant drugs.     

Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in the rat heart: arrhythmogen or endogenous antiarrhythmic agent?

Myocardial infarction and heart failure are associated with an elevation in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The early stages of myocardial ischaemia and infarction are associated with serious ventricular arrhythmias. We examined the possibility that ANP may function in early ischaemia to alter the susceptibility of the heart to arrhythmias by perfusing rat hearts (n = 12 in each group) with various concentrations of ANP during periods of aerobic perfusion and regional ischaemia. The complications associated with the release of endogenous ANP were precluded by carrying out the experiments with an isolated Langendorff (nonrecirculating) preparation in which the atrial effluent does not gain access to the ventricular coronary arteries. When compared with control hearts, ANP (0.02, 0.2, 0.6, or 2.0 nM) had no significant influence on the ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular premature beats, tachycardia, and fibrillation) elicited by 30-min regional myocardial ischaemia. Heart rate and coronary flow were also unchanged. We conclude that in the isolated rat heart during myocardial ischaemia ANP probably has no significant mediatory or modulatory role in the pathogenesis of serious ventricular arrhythmias.     

Effects of zatebradine and propranolol on canine ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias

1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dimethoxy-3[3-[[2-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethyl]methylamino]propyl]-2H-3-benzazepin-2-one -hy drochloride (Zatebradine) is a specific bradycardiac agent, blocking the hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker current (I(f)), and thus has no negative inotropic effect. The purpose of this study was to examine whether zatebradine is effective against ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in dogs compared to propranolol. Arrhythmia was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Ischemia-induced biphasic arrhythmias were suppressed in both zatebradine and propranolol groups. During ischemia, fatal ventricular fibrillation occurred in four dogs in the control group, 0 in the zatebradine group, and two dogs in the propranolol group. Of the 31 dogs subjected to reperfusion, mortality rates in the zatebradine, propranolol, and control groups were 56%, 75%, and 86%, respectively, and there were no significant differences. In the heart beating 10 beats/min faster than the predrug heart rate by atrial pacing, both zatebradine and propranolol attenuated ischemia-induced arrhythmias but did not affect reperfusion arrhythmias. Our results suggest that I(f) and/or beta-adrenoceptors rather than the bradycardiac action might be related to the antiarrhythmic effects during ischemia, but that they do not play a role in the generation of the reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias.     

U50,488H抗大鼠缺血/再灌注损伤心律失常作用与抑制钠通道电流有关

目的观察κ阿片受体选择性激动剂(U50,488H)对大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注(ischemia and reperfusion,I/R)室性心律失常的影响并探讨其可能的机制。方法观察U50,488H对大鼠I/R整体动物模型血浆肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平的影响;分离正常大鼠心脏,采用Langen-dorff离体心脏灌流方法,预先给予U50,488H(5mmol·L-1)和NE(100μmol·L-1),测定其对血流动力学指标和对心律失常的影响;常规酶解法分离成年大鼠心室肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术观察U50,488H对钠电流的作用。结果①U50+I/R组血浆中CK和LDH的含量较I/R组明显降低(P<0.01)。②与I/R组相比,给予U50,488H后,心率明显下降(P<0.05)。③对照组偶发早搏,I/R组心律失常发生频率明显增加,与I/R组相比较,I/R+NE组心律失常评分明显增高(P<0.01);如果提前给予U50,488H,发现不仅可以明显降低I/R组缺血和再灌注期间室速和室颤的发生率(P<0.01)及降低I/R组心律失常的评分,而且明显降低I/R+NE组心律失常的评分(P<0.01)。④U50,488H(100μmol·L-1)可以明显降低心室肌细胞的钠电流(P<0.01)。结论κ阿片受体激动剂U50,488H对I/R时的心律失常有拮抗作用,其作用可能是通过抑制心肌细胞的钠电流而实现的。     

Protective effects of ghrelin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has been reported to have beneficial effects on cardiac function. The authors used the Langendorff model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat heart to determine whether ghrelin exerts direct cardioprotective effects. Also, the capacity of ghrelin to bind to sarcolemmal membrane fractions before and after ischemia and reperfusion was examined. Compared with vehicle administration, administration of ghrelin (100-10,000 pM) during the reperfusion period resulted in improvement in coronary flow, heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Ghrelin also enhanced the rates of left ventricular contraction and relaxation after ischemia following reperfusion. Administration of ghrelin during reperfusion reduced myocardial release of lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin, indicating protection against cardiomyocyte injury. In addition, ghrelin attenuated the depletion of myocardial ATP resulting from ischemia and reperfusion. A receptor-binding assay demonstrated that maximum binding capacity of ghrelin to sarcolemmal membranes was significantly increased after ischemia and was further increased after I/R. However, Scatchard analysis showed that the affinity of ghrelin for its receptor was not altered. The authors have concluded that administration of ghrelin during reperfusion protects against myocardial I/R injury. The cardioprotective effects are independent of growth hormone release and likely involve binding to cardiovascular receptors, a process that is upregulated during I/R.     

Occlusion and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in rats: involvement of platelets and effects of calcium antagonists.

The role of blood platelets in ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and the efficacy of three calcium blocking drugs (verapamil, diltiazem, and nicardipine) in preventing the arrhythmias were investigated. Using anesthetized rats, we measured platelet count (Pc) continuously in vivo with a Technicon autocounter. Thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in blood from coronary sinus were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias were monitored from lead I ECG during and after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 7 min. Ischemia-induced arrhythmias were mainly ventricular ectopic contractions (VECs), whereas reperfusion produced VECs, ventricular tachycardia (VT), and reversible and irreversible ventricular fibrillation (VF). Both ischemia and reperfusion decreased platelet count and increased TxB2 level in blood from the coronary sinus. The effects of the CEBs were determined at two dose levels (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg). Each calcium entry blocker (CEB), at both dose levels, significantly inhibited ischemia-induced arrhythmias. Verapamil and diltiazem significantly reduced reperfusion-induced VECs, prevented VT and irreversible VF, and reduced the number of animals with reversible VF. Nicardipine in preventing arrhythmias was not very effective at either dose. The CEBs also inhibited both ischemia- and reperfusion-induced decreases in PC with a moderate increase (up to 7%) as compared with levels in sham-operated controls. The CEBs also significantly reduced TxB2 levels in blood from the coronary sinus. These results indicate that ischemia and postischemic reperfusion both induce platelet aggregation in rats. Aggregating platelets release biologically active substances including thromboxane A2 (TxA2) which exacerbates existing ischemia and facilitates generation of arrhythmias. CEBs inhibit platelet aggregation and TxA2 release and enhance PGI2 synthesis, thereby preventing arrhythmias.     

Effect of long-term application of Crataegus oxyacantha on ischemia and reperfusion induced arrhythmias in rats

The effect of long-term application of Crataegus oxyacantha on ischemia and reperfusion induced arrhythmias was investigated in Wistar rats on the heart in situ and on Langendorff preparations. Seventeen rats were fed for 8 weeks with 0.5 g/kg b.w. Crataegus extract per day, standardised to 2.2% flavonoids. Twenty age-matched untreated rats served as controls. In the hearts in situ as well as in the Langendorff preparations the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 20 min and subsequently reperfused for 30 min. ECG was continuously recorded and the time spent between start of ischemia and onset of arrhythmias was measured. In addition, during ischemia and reperfusion the number of ventricular premature beats and bigemini and the duration of salvos and ventricular flutter and fibrillation were determined. The ischemic area was evaluated in all experiments and coronary flow was measured in Langendorff preparations. In the present experiments, no cardioprotective effects of Crataegus oxyacantha could be detected, neither in the heart in situ nor in the Langendorff preparations. Although the ischemic areas were identical, arrhythmias occurred even earlier in the Crataegus collectives than in the controls. Also the number and duration of ischemia and reperfusion induced arrhythmias tended to occur longer and more frequently in the Crataegus collectives, whilst coronary flow remained unchanged. The phenomenon that Crataegus rather aggravates than prevents arrhythmias may be reduced to a Crataegus induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+)-concentration proven true for the positive inotropic effects of Crataegus.     

Effect of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists (phentolamine, nicergoline and prazosin) on reperfusion arrhythmias and noradrenaline release in perfused rat heart.

Rat isolated hearts were perfused through the left atrium with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution or mounted on a Langendorff perfusion system. The hearts were prelabelled with [3H]-noradrenaline [( 3H]-NA) and the left main coronary artery was ligated for 10 min after which reperfusion followed. The liberation of [3H]-NA and the development of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation were monitored throughout. During the occlusion period, ventricular arrhythmias did not occur and heart rate was not significantly altered in the control series. In contrast, reperfusion was followed by ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in all the hearts in the control series (Langendorff or 'working' models). The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists phentolamine (7.1 X 10(-6) M and 7.1 X 10(-5) M) and nicergoline (3.1 X 10(-6) M) diminished or prevented reperfusion arrhythmias. However, prazosin (5.2 X 10(-6) M) was not effective. The lower concentration of phentolamine did not alter the pattern of [3H]-NA release, whereas, high doses of phentolamine and nicergoline increased the release of [3H]-NA. Prazosin (5.2 X 10(-6) M) caused a very marked increase in release of [3H]-NA but was not antiarrhythmic. A 'membrane-stabilizing' effect seems the most appropriate explanation for these antiarrhythmic effects of alpha-antagonist agents.     

Effects of sotalol, (-)-propranolol and prazosin on reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and increased cardiac norepinephrine release

The pharmacological actions of sotalol, (-)-propranolol and prazosin on norepinephrine (NE) concentration and creatine kinase (CK) activity in the coronary sinus blood of the ischemic heart were studied in open-chest dogs. A 60 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was followed by a reperfusion period of 30 min. In saline-treated dogs, a significant increase in coronary sinus NE concentration occurring 30 s after the onset of reperfusion was followed by a rapid decrease to the initial value within 15 min. CK activity increased gradually and continuously starting 5 min after the beginning of reperfusion. A good correlation (r = 0.9, n = 8, P less than 0.05) was obtained in saline-treated dogs when the calculated slope of the time-activity curves for CK release was plotted against the corresponding peak concentration of NE. The increase in coronary sinus NE concentration upon reperfusion was accompanied by an increased arrhythmic ratio. Sotalol (5 mg/kg i.v.) diminished the increase in coronary sinus NE concentration along with a significant decrease in the arrhythmic ratio. The administration of either (-)-propranolol (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) or prazosin (1 mg/kg i.v.) did not significantly affect the increase in coronary sinus NE concentration. The arrhythmic ratio was significantly reduced by prazosin but not by (-)-propranolol. The rise in coronary sinus CK activity was significantly diminished in the presence of either sotalol, (-)-propranolol or prazosin. These results suggest that the occurrence of severe ventricular arrhythmias upon reperfusion may be related to the action of the increased myocardial NE on the cardiac alpha-adrenoceptors. The increased coronary sinus CK activity suggests that increased cardiac sympathetic activation may accelerate or aggravate the myocardial damage. We conclude that the antiarrythmic effect of sotalol may be due at least in part to its inhibitory action on the release of cardiac NE upon reperfusion.     

Involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in ischemic damage and reperfusion arrhythmias in the isolated perfused rat heart.

We have investigated the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to the damage caused by 40-min global ischemia in the isolated rat heart. A converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat (70 nM), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, compound 89 (2 microM), and an inhibitor of rat renin, CGP 44099A (20 nM), given before ischemia reduced the median duration of ventricular fibrillation on reperfusion to a similar extent (5.53, 5.72, and 5.14 min, respectively, compared to 13.98 min in the control group) but had no effect on creatine phosphokinase release (22.2 +/- 2.6, 22.1 +/- 6.8, and 24.1 +/- 3.6, IU/30 min, respectively, compared to 19.9 +/- 1.9 IU/30 min) or recovery or left ventricular developed pressure (67 +/- 6, 73 +/- 7 and 71 +/- 6%, respectively, compared to 66 +/- 3% after 30 min reperfusion). The increase in coronary resistance and left ventricular diastolic pressure on reperfusion was not affected by any of the agents. All three agents also tended to reduce the duration of ventricular fibrillation when given only on reperfusion. We conclude that angiotensinogen is present in the rat heart and it is converted to angiotensin I by a renin or a renin-like aspartic proteinase. The angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by converting enzyme. The angiotensin II formed is an important mediator of postreperfusion ventricular fibrillation in the isolated rat heart but does not contribute to the reduction in mechanical function produced by global ischemia in this preparation.     

葛根注射液抗心肌缺血的药理作用研究

目的 考察葛根注射液的抗心肌缺血作用.方法 考察葛根注射液高中低剂量组对大鼠离体心脏左室峰压(LVSP)、冠脉流量(CF)及大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注后的LVSP、左室舒张期末压(LVEDP)、心率(HR)、CF的影响.结果 葛根注射液可升高大鼠离体心脏心肌收缩力及冠脉流量;对离体心脏缺血再灌注导致的LVSP和LVEDP的升高、心率及冠脉流量的降低均有对抗作用.结论 葛根注射液具有抗心肌缺血的作用.     

槲皮素对在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌性心律失常的保护作用

本文用在体Wistar大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,观察槲皮素对缺血再灌性心律失常的保护作用。在再灌前1min至再灌后2min静脉滴注槲皮素(0.5mmol/L,10ml/kg),可显著缩短心律失常的持续时间,降低室颤的发生率、再灌注区心肌组织中MDA的含量及XOD的活性,而对SOD具有明显的保护作用。结果提示槲皮素的抗心肌缺血再灌性心律失常作用可能与抑制心肌组织中OFR的形成和保护心肌组织中SOD或直接清除OFR有关。     

7-氯苄基四氢巴马汀对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌损伤的保护作用

目的：研究７－氯苄基四氢巴马汀对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌损伤的影响。方法：利用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ大鼠心脏，结扎冠状动脉前降支（ＬＡＤ），缺血１０ｍｉｎ后，再灌注２０ｍｉｎ，造成缺血再灌损伤模型。结果：７－氯苄基四氢巴马汀（７－ｃｈｌｏｒＢＴＨＰ）可明显减慢心率，消除再灌注引起的心室纤颤，明显缩短心律失常持续时间，并能抑制离体大鼠心肌缺血、复灌时磷酸肌酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）释放增加。结论：７－ｃｈｌｏｒＢＴＨＰ具有抗离体大鼠再灌注心律失常作用，对缺血再灌注损伤心肌有保护作用，其作用机制可能与其减慢心率，减少缺血复灌时心肌酶释放有关。