悬浮固化液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中有机氯农药

目的 建立悬浮固化液相微萃取技术结合气相色谱-电子捕获检测 （GC-ECD）同时测定水中8种常见有机氯农药的新方法。方法 详细考察悬浮固化液相微萃取的实验条件,以正十六烷为萃取剂,在pH 6.0和15.0 g/100 mL NaCl浓度条件下,55 ℃温浴10 min进行有机氯农药的微萃取,萃取液进气相色谱-电子捕获检测器分离分析。结果 在优化条件下,8种农药在5～100 ng/L浓度范围线性良好,相关系数r≥0.996,方法检出限为0.24～0.78 ng/L。将所建立的方法用于自来水、河水和农田池塘水的检测,取得了较为满意的结果,平均回收率在76.0%~106.0%,方法精密度为3.24%~11.60%。结论 方法快速灵敏,操作简单,绿色环保,适用于水中8种常见有机氯的批量分析。     

贵阳市蔬菜中有机氯农药残留现况调查

目的:了解贵州省贵阳市市售蔬菜中有机氯农药残留状况,为进一步保障居民健康提供依据.方法:采用气相色谱法测定50份蔬菜样品中15种有机氯的含量.结果:各类蔬菜样品中均检出有机氯农药,各种有机氯的检出率达到8%～40%,有机氯类农药残留以α-硫丹、β-666、狄氏剂、γ-666为主;三类蔬菜之间有机农药的残留量依次为:根茎类、叶类、果实类.结论:贵州省贵阳市市售蔬菜中有机氯农药残留现状不容乐观;蔬菜中有机氯农药的残留来源于土壤.     

超声辅助提取—顶空固相微萃取检测甘草和黄芪中有机氯农药残留量

目的 建立中草药中有机氯农药残留量的快速检测方法.方法 超声提取后,采用顶空固相徼萃取富集、净化、毛细管气相色谱检测甘草和黄芪中六六六、滴滴涕、五氯硝基苯等9种有机氯农药残留量.结果 使用丙酮作为{取溶剂,超声30min后用水稀释(4:21),在80℃时,固相微萃取60min,综合效果最佳.方法检测限为0.495ngL-16.6ng/L,回收率为50.9%-119%.结论 该方法快速、灵敏、环保,适用于批量药材中有机氯农药残留量的筛查.     

惠州市饮食服务行业茶叶农药残留调查

目的 对惠州市各饮食服务单位茶叶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药的残留情况进行调查分析.方法 采用国标气相色谱法对茶叶中的农药残留进行分析检测.结果 对44家饮食服务单位的46份茶叶进行检测,有机氯及拟除虫菊酯农药的合格率均为100%;2种有机氯农药以及5种拟除虫菊酯农药的检出率分别为8.7%、17.4%、8.7%、67.4%、4.3%、17.4%、19.6%.结论 惠州市大部分饮食服务单位茶叶中的有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留符合国家卫生标准,但仍有相当比例的茶叶检出六六六、滴滴涕和各种拟除虫菊酯农药,尤其是氯氰菊酯,检出率高达67.4%,应采取有效对策.     

固相微萃取技术测定塑料浸取液中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯

目的　探讨塑料浸取液中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 (DEHP)的测定方法。方法　采用聚硅氧烷和富勒烯聚二甲基硅氧烷混合固定相自制萃取头 ,利用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术 (HS -SPME -GC)分析塑料浸取液中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 ,研究萃取时间、热解吸时间、溶液的酸碱度和离子强度等因素对方法灵敏度的影响 ,并与商用聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS)萃取头比较。结果　该萃取头的萃取选择性优于PDMS萃取头 ,方法具有良好的线性范围(0 .4～ 5 0 0 μg·L-1) ,最低检出限为 0 .15 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差为 4.9% (n =6 )。结论　固相微萃取技术分析水样中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯具有高效、灵敏、操作简单、无需溶剂等优点。     

续断中有机氯农药残留的测定

目的 检测续断中有机氯农药残留。方法 采用浓硫酸磺化法,选择DB-1701弹性石英毛细管柱,不分流进样,通过柱程序升温手段测定六六六4种异构体和滴滴涕4种异构体共8种有机氯农药残留。结果 最低检测限为1.5～25 ng/mL,平均回收率为92.0%～104.0%,续断药材中有机氯农药残留远低于《中国药典》标准。结论 建立了一套简便、操作性强的续断中有机氯农药残留的分析方法。     

毛发有机氯农药残留量与皮下脂肪有机氯蓄积量相关性研究

用湿法消化、气相色谱法测定人发中有机氯农药残留量。结果表明人发有机氯残留与环境负荷水平有密切关系,即农药使用量越高、接触量越多的地区,人群发样中有机氯残留量亦越高。动物模型进一步证实了毛发六六六残留与体脂六六六蓄积,存在着极其密切的相关性(γ=0.685;P<0.001)。因而毛发可作为有机氯农药人体负荷的一种新的代表性材料。     

气相色谱法测定罗汉果中有机氯农药残留量

目的 测定不同栽培品系、不同产地、不同栽培方法的罗汉果药材中六六六、滴滴涕、五氯硝基苯、艾氏剂等10种有机氯农药的残留量,为罗汉果药材质量控制提供科学依据.方法 样品经药典方法提取后,GC测定,DB-1701石英毛细管柱经程序升温技术分离及63Ni电子捕获检测器检测,外标法计算含量.结果 首次对罗汉果药材中农药残留量进行了分析,发现被测样品均有不同程度的农药残留;采用药典方法平均回收率均在90%～100%之间,RSD小于10%.结论 本方法快速、简便、准确,可以用于罗汉果中有机氯农药残留量的测定.     

三七胶囊中有机氯农药残留的分析研究

目的 测定三七胶囊中15种有机氯农药残留量。方法 用GC-ECD法测定,弹性石英毛细管柱DB-5(30.0 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm);初始80 ℃保持1 min, 30 ℃/min升至180 ℃,2.5 ℃/min升至240 ℃,再以40 ℃/min升至280 ℃,保持15 min。结果 样品的农药添加回收率为70.9%～95.2%,RSD为2.9%～7.9%。所有样品中均检出有机氯类农药,有21%样品中五氯硝基苯超标。结论 方法快速、准确、灵敏、成本低,能满足三七胶囊中多种有机氯农药快速检测的要求。     

全自动浓缩仪浓缩土壤中有机氯农药研究

使用全自动定量浓缩仪建立土壤中有机氯农药提取液的浓缩方法,通过相关试验确立了浓缩条件,使有机氯农药的加标回收率在两次浓缩过程中分别处于82.6%～105.3%和90.6%～103-1%之间,同时完成溶剂转换工作,为土壤有机氯农药分析中的样品浓缩问题建立了一套自动化程度高,加标回收率高,人为干扰因素小的解决方案.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.