马凡综合征两种新的原纤维蛋白-1基因突变

目的对9例马凡综合征(Marfansyndrome,MFS)患者的原纤维蛋白-1(fibrillin-1,FBN1)基因进行突变筛查,以发现新的FBN1基因突变。方法应用变性高效液相色谱法对MFS患者FBN1基因65个外显子中的35个进行突变筛查,对变性高效液相色谱图形异常的PCR扩增片段用DNA测序鉴定突变位置及性质,并用等位基因特异性PCR以及限制性片段长度多态性分析等方法进一步证实突变。结果在两例MFS患者中发现两种新的FBN1基因突变。其中一种为第34外显子4307～4308位4个碱基TCGT的插入突变(4307insTCGT),另一种为第43外显子5309位的点突变5309G>A。结论FBN1基因移码突变(4307insTCGT)与点突变(5309G>A)分别是这两例MFS患者的发病原因。     

Marfan综合征两种原纤维蛋白1基因突变

目的对14例Marfan综合征（Marfan syndrome，MFS）患者的原纤维蛋白1（fibrillin 1，FBNI）基因和转化生长因子β受体2（transforming growth factor beta receptor typeⅡ，TGFBR2）基因进行突变筛查。方法应用变性高效液相色谱法对MFS患者FBNl的65个外显子和TGFBR2基因的7个外显子进行突变筛查，对变性高效液相色谱图形异常的PCR扩增片段用DNA测序鉴定突变位点及性质，并用限制性片段长度多态性方法进一步证实突变。结果在MFS患者FBNl基因中发现两种突变。两种基因突变是新的FBNl置换突变（Intron29＋4A〉T）和再发的FBNl无义突变（8080C〉T）。结论FBNl的Intrort29＋4A〉T和8080C〉T可能是MFS患者的发病原因。     

海南汉族人群中α和β纤维蛋白原基因核苷酸多态性及其单倍型与缺血性脑卒中的关联分析

目的研究α纤维蛋白原基因的Taq Ⅰ多态性和β纤维蛋白原基因-455G／A、-249C／T、-148 C／T、＋1689T／G、βBsmA ⅠG／C、448G／A、Be／ⅠG／A、Hinf Ⅰ A／C单核苷酸多态性及其单倍型与缺血性脑卒中的关系。方法用比浊法测定160例海南籍缺血性脑卒中和130名海南籍对照个体的血浆纤维蛋白原浓度，用PCR-限制性片段长度多态法确定基因型。用EH＋程序分析核苷酸多态性的连锁不平衡关系及单倍型，用卡方检验分析病例组和对照组的等位基因频率、基因型频率及单倍型频率的差异。结果-455G／A、-148C／T、448G／A多态性的基因型频率、等位基因频率在病例组和对照组之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），其余6个核苷酸多态性的基因型频率、等位基因频率在病例和对照组间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），A^-455、T^-148、A^448携带者患缺血性脑卒中的相对危险度比非携带者分别大2．46倍、2．30倍和2．08倍。连锁不平衡分析未发现所分析的区域内存在单倍型板块。9个位点构建的单倍型在病例组和对照组之间的差异无统计学意义，以4个位点构建的单倍型中，某些单倍型在病例组和对照组之间的差异有统计学意义，对照组中某些携带G^-455、C^148、G^448位点的单倍型的频率高于病例组，而病例组中某些携带A^-455、T^-148、A^448位点的单倍型的频率高于对照组。结论多个位点和单倍型分析的结果提示8纤维白原455G／A、-148C／T、448G／A可能是海南汉族人群中与缺血性脑卒中关联的危险因素。     

中国汉族两个马凡综合征家系FBN1基因的一个新突变

目的 对两个常染色体显性遗传的马凡综合征家系进行基因诊断,并探讨其临床特点。方法 完成家系调查和系谱分析,通过聚合酶链式反应和直接测序的方法对收集到的两个家系中的成员进行原纤维蛋白1(fibrillin 1,FBN1)基因的突变检测。结果 两个家系均呈常染色体显性遗传模式。对两个家系成员进行FBN1基因突变检测发现,在两个家系的患者中发现一个相同的突变位点,即FBN1第27号外显子3463位碱基由G变为A( 3463G＞A),导致原纤维蛋白1第1 155位氨基酸由天冬氨酸变为天冬酰胺(Asp 1155Asn),而两个家系的正常成员及选取的100名健康对照中均未发现该突变位点。结论 先证者均符合Ghent标准诊断为马凡综合征,基因诊断发现两家系中相同的突变位点3463G＞A为中国汉族马凡综合征患者中首次报道。     

ESR1基因单核苷酸多态性及单倍型与精神分裂症的关联研究

目的 探索雌激素受体1 (estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)基因rs2234693、rs9340799和rs3798759位点单核苷酸多念性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)及其单倍型与精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)发病之间的相关性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术对333例SZ患者和315名正常对照rs2234693、rs9340799和rs3798759位点进行基因分型,应用x2检验对SZ组和对照组等位基因、基因型和单倍型频率进行分析.结果 rs2234693、rs9340799位点两组间基因型频率及等位基因分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SZ组rs3798759位点GG基因型频率及G等位基因频率均高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).性别分层分析提示,女性SZ患者rs3798759位点TG、GG基因型频率及G等位基因频率均高于健康女性(P＜0.05).单倍型C-A-G和C-G-G在SZ组的分布频率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 rs3798759位点突变可能为女性精神分裂症发生的风险因子,C-A-G和C-G-G单倍型可能为精神分裂症的遗传风险单倍型.     

Amp-FLP单体型连锁分析对Wilson’s患者基因突变的检测

Wiison‘s病(Wilson‘sdisease，WD)即肝豆状核变性是由Wilson于1912年首次描述并命名的一种常染色体隐性遗传病，发病年龄多在10岁左右。该病伴随原发性铜代谢障碍，由于金属铜在机体各器官，特别是肝脏、大脑基底节、肾及角膜等沉积，引起急慢性损害、神经精神障碍、肾功能损害及出现角膜K-F环。该病的世界发病率大约为1／2万～1／20万，基因频率为0．56％，由于种族差异，各国发病率不一。据统计该病在我国神经系统遗传病中并不罕见，仅次于进行性肌营养不良(DMD)居第2位，在我国对该病开展深入的研究具有十分重要的意义。     

鼻咽癌易感基因与HLA-DP位点连锁分析

目的通过对鼻咽癌家系的DPA1-DPB1单倍型分析,揭示鼻咽癌易感基因与HLA-DP位点是否存在连锁关系。方法用序列特异性寡核苷酸探针斑点杂交方法,对17个湖南籍汉族鼻咽癌家系样本进行DPA1、DPB1基因分型,根据孟德尔分离律分析获得每一家系受检成员的DPA1-DPB1单倍型。运用受累同胞共享单倍型方法进行统计分析。结果17个家系的19对受累同胞的DPA1-DPB1单倍型中,共享2、1和0条相同单倍型的同胞对数分别为7对、11对和1对。将此观察值与期望值比较,用χ     

HLA-DRB1及HLA-DQA1单倍型与乙型肝炎病毒感染结局的关联研究

目的探讨中国北方汉族人群HLA-DRB1、DQA1单倍型与乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus，HBV）感染不同结局的关系。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应（sequence specific primers polymerase chain reaction，PCR-SSP）技术检测HLA-DRB1、DQA1等位基因，并比较207例慢性乙型肝炎患者，212名无症状HBV慢性携带者（HBV携带者），148例自限性HBV感染者的单倍型频率。结果自限性HBV感染组单倍型DRB1＊04-DQA1＊0301的频率为10．03％，显著高于慢性乙肝组的3．66％（P=0．0005）：DRB1＊15／＊16-DQA1＊0102的频率为6．80％，显著高于慢性乙肝组的1．94％（P=0．0012）和无症状HBV慢性携带者组的1．65％（P=0．004）；DRB1＊04-DQA1＊0302单倍型在慢性乙型肝炎组的频率为3．10％，明显高于自限性HBV感染组的0．39％（P=0．0077）。结论HLA-DRB1、DQA1单倍型与个体感染HBV后的不同结局存在显著关联。     

程序性细胞凋亡1基因单倍型及紫外线暴露与系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究

目的 探讨中国长江以南汉族人群中程序性细胞凋亡1基因(programmed celll death 1,PDCD1)多态性与紫外线暴露在系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)发病中的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究设计,收集159例病例和159名对照,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态技术检测PDCD1基因多态;分别在隐性、显性、相加及共显性遗传模式下,应用Logistic回归模型估计基因、环境及基因-环境交互效应.结果 根据赤池信息量准则(Akaike's Information Criteria,AIC)值最小原则,筛出3个相加遗传模式下的最优模型和1个显性遗传模式下的最优模型.控制年龄与性别因素后,4个模型均存在SLE患病人群既往紫外线暴露率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).在由PDCD1基因PD1.2、PD1.5及PD1.6多态位点等位基因组成的单倍型方面,在相加遗传模式下,SLE患者人群的G-T-A单倍型频率高于对照组(0.1196 vs 0.0363),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,OR=4.319);而A-C-A单倍型频率病例组低于对照组(0.4746 vs 0.5399),差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05,OR=0.571);此遗传模式下,还发现A-C-G单倍型与紫外线暴露存在交互作用,(β5=1.182,Z=2.2898,P＜0.05,OR=3.261).此外,在显性遗传模式下,SLE患者人群的G-C-G单倍型频率高于对照组(0.1287 vs 0.0361),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,OR=4.332).结论 特定遗传模式下,紫外线暴露、PDCD1基因G-C-G或G-T-A单倍型以及A-C-G单倍型与紫外线暴露的交互作用可能与中国长江以南汉族人群系统性红斑狼疮的遗传易感性相关.     

脂联素基因SNP-11377和SNP-4522单倍型与代谢综合征相关

目的 探讨昆明地区汉族脂联素基因多态性与代谢综合征的相关性。 方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测脂联素基因SNP-11391、SNP-11377、SNP-4522、SNP+45和SNP+331的基因型,分析以上5个多态性位点与代谢综合征的相关性。 结果 ⑴脂联素基因SNP-11391和SNP+331不是昆明地区汉族的多态性位点;⑵在代谢综合征组中,SNP-11377G－SNP-4522T单倍型频率低于对照组（P﹤0.05）,而SNP-11377C－SNP-4522T和SNP-11377G－SNP-4522C单倍型频率高于对照组（P﹤0.05和P﹤0.01）。 结论 在昆明地区汉族群体中,SNP-11377G－SNP-4522T单倍型可能降低患代谢综合征风险,而SNP-11377C－SNP-4522T和SNP-11377G－SNP-4522C单倍型可能增高患代谢综合征风险。     

Fibrillin-1 mutations in Marfan syndrome and other type-1 fibrillinopathies

Fibrillin is the major component of extracellular microfibrils and is widely distributed in connective tissue throughout the body. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 FBN1) gene, on chromosome 15q21.1, have been found to cause Marfan syndrome, a dominantly inherited disorder characterised by clinically variable skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Fibrillin-1 mutations have also been found in several other related connective tissue disorders, such as severe neonatal Marfan syndrome, dominant ectopia lentis, familial ascending aortic aneurysm, isolated skeletal features of Marfan syndrome, and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome. Mutations are spread throughout the gene and, with the exception of neonatal Marfan syndrome, show no obvious clustering or phenotypic association. Hum Mutat 10:415–423, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Mutation screening of all 65 exons of the fibrillin-1 gene in 60 patients with Marfan syndrome: Report of 12 novel mutations

Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene on chromosome 15q21.1 have been found to cause Marfan syndrome, a dominantly inherited disorder characterised by clinically variable skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular abnormalities. In this study we screened all 65 exons of the fibrillin-1 gene in 20 Marfan syndrome families where at least two affected individuals were characterised and available for analysis, another 30 families with only one affected member available for analysis, and in 10 sporadic cases. In large well-characterised families with more than four affected individuals, the detection rate for mutations rose to 78% (7/9), in families with either two or three affected members 27% (3/11). In families where only one affected family member was available, the mutation detection rate was 17% (5/30), and in sporadic cases it was 20% (2/10). In addition, we found eight neutral polymorphisms. Twelve of the 17 disease-causing mutations identified have not been previously described, thus raising the total number of different fibrillin-1 mutations reported to 85 in 94 unrelated cases. Hum Mutat 10:280–289, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

FBN1 mutation screening of patients with Marfan syndrome and related disorders: detection of 46 novel FBN1 mutations

Fibrillin-1 gene ( FBN1 ) mutations cause Marfan syndrome (MFS), an inherited connective tissue disorder with autosomal dominant transmission. Major clinical manifestations affect cardiovascular and skeletal apparatuses and ocular and central nervous systems. We analyzed FBN1 gene in 99 patients referred to our Center for Marfan Syndrome and Related Disorders (University of Florence, Florence, Italy): 85 were affected by MFS and 14 by other fibrillinopathies type I. We identified mutations in 80 patients. Among the 77 different mutational events, 46 had not been previously reported. They are represented by 49 missense (61%), 1 silent (1%), 13 nonsense (16%), 6 donor splice site mutations (8%), 8 small deletions (10%), and 3 small duplications (4%). The majority of missense mutations were within the calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like domains. We found preferential associations between The Cys-missense mutations and ectopia lentis and premature termination codon mutations and skeletal manifestations. In contrast to what reported in literature, the cardiovascular system is severely affected also in patients carrying mutations in exons 1–10 and 59–65. In conclusion, we were able to detect FBN1 mutations in 88% of patients with MFS and in 36% of patients with other fibrillinopathies type I, confirming that FBN1 mutations are good predictors of classic MFS.     

Comprehensive molecular screening of the FBN1 gene favors locus homogeneity of classical Marfan syndrome

In order to estimate the contribution of mutations at the fibrillin-1 locus (FBN1) to classical Marfan syndrome (MFS) and to study possible phenotypic differences between patients with an FBN1 mutation vs. without, a comprehensive molecular study of the FBN1 gene in a cohort of 93 MFS patients fulfilling the clinical diagnosis of MFS according to the Ghent nosology was performed. The initial mutation screening by CSGE/SSCP allowed identification of an FBN1-mutation in 73 patients. Next, sequencing of all FBN1-exons was performed in 11 mutation-negative patients, while in nine others, DHPLC was used. This allowed identification of seven and five additional mutations, respectively. Southern blot analysis revealed an abnormal hybridization pattern in one more patient. A total of 23 out of the 85 mutations identified here are reported for the first time. Phenotypic comparison of MFS patients with cysteine-involving mutations vs. premature termination mutations revealed significant differences in ocular and skeletal involvement. The phenotype of the eight patients without proven FBN1 mutation did not differ from the others with respect to the presence of major cardiac, ocular, and skeletal manifestations or positive familial history. Most likely, a portion of FBN1-mutations remains undetected because of technical limitations. In conclusion, the involvement of the FBN1-gene could be demonstrated in at least 91% of all MFS patients (85/93), which strongly suggests that this gene is the predominant, if not the sole, locus for MFS.     

Marfan syndrome caused by a novel FBN1 mutation with associated pigmentary glaucoma

Mutations in fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) cause a wide spectrum of disorders, including Marfan syndrome, which have in common defects in fibrillin‐1 microfibrils. Ectopia lentis and myopia are frequently observed ocular manifestations of Marfan syndrome. Glaucoma is also associated with Marfan syndrome, though the form of glaucoma has not been well‐characterized. In this report, ocular examination of a patient diagnosed with Marfan syndrome based on family history and aortic dilatation was performed, including measurement of facility of aqueous humor outflow by tonography. The patient did not have ectopia lentis at the age of 42 years. Based on optic nerve appearance, reduced outflow facility, elevated IOP with open angles and clear signs of pigment dispersion, the patient was diagnosed with pigmentary glaucoma. The patient was heterozygous for a novel truncating mutation in FBN1, p.Leu72Ter. Histology of normal human eyes revealed abundant expression of elastic fibers and fibrillin‐1 in aqueous humor outflow structures. This is the first report of a patient with Marfan syndrome that is caused by a confirmed FBN1 mutation with associated pigmentary glaucoma. In addition to identifying a novel mutation of FBN1 and broadening the spectrum of associated ocular phenotypes in Marfan syndrome, our findings suggest that pigmentary glaucoma may involve defects in fibrillin‐1 microfibrils. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

FBN1新生突变引起的马凡综合征及其基因型-表型的关联研究

 目的: 本研究对2个不同马凡综合征(Marfan syndrome)的小家系进行致病基因FBN1的编码区和剪切位点突变检测,以寻找致病的突变,并初步探索马凡综合征基因型-表型的关联。方法: 通过临床检查、实验室检查及心脏超声检查确诊2个无血缘关系的家庭中原疑似为马凡综合征的3例患者。运用新一代测序对家系1的疑似患者行FBN1基因的全外显子组测序,并对检出的致病性遗传变异进行Sanger验证及在所有家系成员中验证;对于家系2的存活成员,本研究直接进行PCR扩增FBN1基因的所有编码区及剪切位点,对产物进行直接Sanger测序。另外在50个正常对照中对新发现的突变位点进行基于PCR产物的测序分析,以排除多态性;并对实验结果行生物信息学分析。结果: 所有存活的疑似患者均确诊为马凡综合征。在家系1中,我们检测到了一个FBN1基因数据库中尚未报道的新突变c.4685G>A(p.Cys1562Tyr),并且患者父母和同胞姐姐均未检测到此变异,故此突变为一个新生突变。该错义突变使第1562位上极性中性的含硫的半胱氨酸被极性中性的含羟苯基的酪氨酸所替代,影响了fibrillin-1蛋白一个TGF-β结合结构域,导致蛋白质的二级结构发生改变。家系2含父母及一对同卵双胎患者,其中一患者已去世。我们在存活患者检测到1个FBN1基因的已报道致病突变c.3706T>C(p.Cys1236Arg),该突变在患者父母中不存在,故也为新生突变。结论: 本文报道了一例FBN1基因的新突变及另一例由FBN1基因已知突变引起的马凡综合征,二者皆为新生突变,并在家系中进行了基因型-表型的比较,表明家系1的新突变可能与经典马凡综合征的表型相关,而家系2的已知突变确和新生儿重症马凡综合征表型相关。     

Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene frameshift mutations in Marfan patients: genotype–phenotype correlation

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multisystemic disease associated with mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene. Most of the reported mutations are missense substitutions mainly affecting the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like protein domain structure and the calcium-binding (cb) site. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between fibrillin-1 frameshift mutations and the clinical phenotype in patients affected by MFS. In 48 out of 66 Marfan patients a pathogenetic mutation was found. We detected novel mutations causing premature termination codon in exons 19, 37, 40 and 41 of four Italian patients. The first mutation in exon 19 (cbEGF #8 domain) results in a clinical phenotype involving mainly the skeletal and cardiovascular systems. Interestingly, we noticed that, while mutations in exons 37 and 41 (eight cysteine domains #4 and #5) are milder, the mutation in exon 40 (cbEGF #24 domain) is more severe and causes major cardiovascular involvement with thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. It is noteworthy that the degree of the severity in the phenotype of one of our patients and another from the literature carrying a mutation in exon 41 could be explained with alterations in mRNA expression.     

Identification of 9 novel FBN1 mutations in German patients with Marfan syndrome

We report 9 new mutations in German patients presenting with classical Marfan syndrome. All mutations occur in exons with calcium‐binding (cb) epidermal growth factor‐like (EGF) domains. Five mutations are missense involving exons 12, 27, 30, 44, and 52 with the resultant substitution of cysteine by phenylalanine (C504F), cysteine by tyrosine (C1129Y), tyrosine by cysteine (Y1261C), cysteine by serine (C1833S), and cysteine by tyrosine (C2142Y), respectively. The other four mutations are single base deletions in exons 39, 43, 48, and 58, at nucleotide A4826, C5311, T6018, and A7291, respectively, each resulting in frameshift with premature termination. Four mutations were detected in sporadic cases and are likely to be de novo. Hum Mutat 14:181, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.