PRP复合蚕丝人工韧带重建兔ACL的实验研究

[目的]PRP复合自制的蚕丝人工韧带重建兔前叉韧带,研究PRP对重建术后移植物早期微血管和成纤维细胞生长的作用。[方法]32只健康成年新西兰大白兔切除双侧前交叉韧带,每兔随机一侧植入经PRP处理的蚕丝人工韧带复合物重建前交叉韧带作为PRP组(共32膝),另一侧植入经等量生理盐水处理的蚕丝人工韧带作为NS组(共32膝)。分别于术后4、8、12、16周行血管灌注法和HE、Masson染色方法观察,测量新生血管面积和成纤维细胞数量。[结果]术后蚕丝韧带逐渐被胶原纤维覆盖,新生血管和新生细胞逐渐长入,术后16周时移植物已类似于正常前交叉韧带,新生细胞形态类似成纤维细胞,沿胶原纤维受力方向排列。术后4、8、12周PRP组和NS组新生血管面积和成纤维细胞数目比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]手术后16周时,PRP组和NS组新生血管面积和成纤维细胞数目比较两组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。     

人工韧带用于前交叉韧带修复重建：目前产品与经验

人工韧带产品自20世纪70年代开始用于临床重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL),经历了较为坎坷的发展历程。早期人工韧带产品重建ACL疗效欠佳,大多以失败告终。近20年来随着新人工韧带产品的出现,临床应用其重建ACL逐渐增多,常用人工韧带包括Leeds-Keio TM、LARSTM(Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System)、Trevira HochfestTM,其中LARSTM应用较多。上述人工韧带具有优越的力学性能,累积失败和并发症发生率较早期产品有显著改善,但也有各自不足之处。     

LARS人工韧带在前交叉韧带重建中的作用

目的 探讨LARS人工韧带在前交叉韧带损伤移植重建中的应用。方法 以2004年8月至2006年1月间因前交叉韧带损伤行LARS人工韧带重建手术的18例患者为对象进行回顾性研究。结果 随访6～24个月，平均13个月，所有患者膝不稳症状消失，前抽屉试验阴性，关节功能良好。平均伸屈度0°～（130±10．2341）°。根据Lysholm膝关节评分法，平均积分由术前的（45．2±1．2315）分提高到术后的（85．5±2．3317）分，二者间差异有显著性意义。结论 用LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带早期恢复效果满意，特别适合于运动员的前交叉韧带损伤。     

关节镜下人工韧带移植重建膝前后交叉韧带

目的回顾性研究关节镜下应用人工韧带重建膝交叉韧带的疗效。方法应用LARS人工韧带对16例交叉韧带损伤行关节镜下重建,术后予以早期康复锻练,对临床疗效进行回顾性分析。结果手术时间55～96min,平均65min。16例均随访3～30个月,平均16个月。术后无滑膜炎、韧带断裂、活动受限等并发症。按照IKDC评分标准及Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行评估,术后膝关节功能均得到良好恢复。结论LARS人工韧带的应用能避免取材部位的并发症,操作简便,可早期康复锻炼,极好的恢复关节屈伸度,获得满意疗效。     

LARS人工韧带关节镜下重建膝前交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下LARS人工韧带治疗膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）完全性损伤的疗效。方法对12例ACL完全损伤患者实施关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建术。结果12例均获随访,时间3～11个月,膝关节前直向不稳症状均消失,前抽屉试验阴性,关节功能良好,未并发急性滑膜炎。患膝伸屈度0°～120°。根据Lysholm膝关节评分法,膝关节评分由术前（45．45±1．18）分提高到术后（84．77±2．26）分。结论LARS人工韧带组织相容性好,是理想的韧带移植材料。关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建ACL完全性损伤疗效好,创伤小,并发症少,患膝稳定性早期即可完全恢复,术后关节功能能达到正常运动要求。     

LARS人工韧带在前交叉韧带重建中的应用

膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)断裂是一种严重的膝关节损伤,可导致膝关节不稳,并可继发关节内主要结构损伤,严重影响关节功能。ACL损伤后自愈能力较差,移植重建是目前治疗ACL损伤的主要手段[1]。使用的移植物分三种:自体移植物,同种异体移植物和人工韧带。     

自体骨-腱-骨移植物与LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带的比较

目的比较自体骨-腱-骨(BPTB)和LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的效果。方法对59例ACL断裂患者采用自体BPTB重建ACL 29例(BPTB组),采用LARS人工韧带重建ACL 30例(LARS组)。按Lysholm、Tegner、IKDC评分系统和KT-1000检查评估功能。结果 59例均获随访,时间30～36个月。术后BPTB组和LARS组Lysholm评分分别为92.90分±9.10分和94.00分±6.87分;Tegner评分分别为5.76分±1.12分和6.07分±1.14分;KT-1000检查松弛分别为2.63 mm±2.16 mm和2.36 mm±2.08 mm。术后IKDC评分:BPTB组正常14例,接近正常11例,不正常4例;LARS组正常18例,接近正常8例,不正常4例。两组各项结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论自体BPTB和LARS人工韧带重建ACL均能够获得满意的临床效果。     

LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带术后MRI影像特点

前交叉韧带主要作用是限制胫骨向前移动与其他韧带共同维持膝关节的稳定性[1],前交叉韧带断裂后行韧带重建已达共识,而韧带重建移植物的选择主要分为自体韧带和人工韧带.自体韧带取材方便、无排斥反应、不增加额外费用,是韧带重建的主流方案[2-4],但一些年轻、偏重、运动量大的患者为尽快重返运动仍选择行LARS(Ligament...     

LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带的临床应用

目的探讨应用LARS人工韧带重建治疗前交叉韧带损伤的临床疗效及可行性。方法前交叉韧带损伤患者11例,应用LARS人工韧带在关节镜下重建前交叉韧带。结果术后随访7~18个月,平均13个月。按照IKDC评分标准:术前C级4例,D级7例;术后A级4例,B级6例,C级1例。无韧带断裂、松动,急性滑膜炎等常见并发症。短期随访效果满意。结论采用关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带,有即刻稳定性好、切口小、更适合关节镜内手术、早期康复等优点,但是关节镜技术要求高,费用略高。     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带及4股半腱肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的评价LARS人工韧带和自体4股半腱肌肌腱关节镜下重建膝前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效。方法对28例膝ACL断裂患者行关节镜下ACL重建术,根据重建材料的来源分为LARS人工韧带组（13例）和自体4股半腱肌肌腱组（15例）。采用ACL解剖等长重建技术建立胫骨、股骨骨道。并对两组的关节稳定性和Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行对比研究。结果术后膝关节稳定性LARS人工韧带组优于4股半腱肌肌腱组（P〈0.05）。移植后两组Lyshrolm膝关节功能评分较移植前提高（P〈0.05）。术后6个月LARS人工韧带组Lysholm评分（90.4分±5.3分）高于4股半腱肌肌腱组（81.2分±4.7分）（P〈0.05）。结论在关节镜下重建ACL术中,LARS人工韧带可作为自体材料的良好替代物。     

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament

The Leeds-Keio (L-K) artificial ligament, developed for knee ligament reconstruction, is made of polyester with a maximum tensile strength of 2200 N. This implant works not only as a ligament but also as a scaffold onto which natural tissue grows from synovium. In an animal experiment, each strand of the L-K ligament was covered with new tissue by 2-3 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Eight weeks postoperatively, abundant fibrous tissue with extensive vascularity covered the implant, which was still histologically immature. After 16 weeks, vascularization and tissue induction began to subside, and histologic analysis showed dense fibers running longitudinally and parallel. By 36 weeks, the new ligament looked like a natural anterior cruciate ligament, although histologically more cells could be seen than in the natural ligament. This maturation was observed only when the substitute was implanted under good tension. Clinically, the surgical procedure has been improved over the past 10 years, to the current practice in which the tape-in-tube double L-K ligament employs a small piece of autogenous tissue to promote early tissue induction and maturation. Using this practice (n = 135), more than 85% of the patients were satisfied subjectively, objectively, and arthroscopically at the 5-year postoperative FU period. Few patients had joint effusion postoperatively. Sacrifice of autogenous tissue is minimal. The patient can return to activities of daily living within 2 weeks, and more than 50% of them to sports within 10 weeks, and the new ligament is expected to keep its function for a long period as ingrowth completes the structure biologically.     

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using cryopreserved allografts

Primary ACL reconstruction historically has been done using autograft tissues whereas allografts have been limited to revision cases and patients who are older or with lower physical demands because some animal studies suggested a slower biologic incorporation rate. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the cryopreserved Achilles tendon allograft in primary ACL reconstruction in a consecutive series of athletes. Fifty consecutive patients with a strenuous or moderate preinjury activity level, as defined by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), had ACL reconstruction using cryopreserved Achilles tendon allografts secured with bioabsorbable interference screws. Five patients were professional athletes. The average age of the patients was 36 years (range, 17-50 years). A 3- to 5-year followup study was done in all of the patients using the IKDC form. Tunnel widening was measured in the lateral radiographs at the widest level. The overall outcome was normal or nearly normal in 94% of the patients. No failures were reported in this series. Forty-six patients (92%) returned to their same preinjury sport activity level. The average KT-1000 side-to-side difference was 2.3 mm. Average tibial tunnel widening was 2.7 mm (range, 0-6 mm); no significant correlation was observed between increased tunnel size and a fair or poor clinical outcome. This experience shows that favorable results can be obtained with cryopreserved Achilles tendon allografts in athletes in whom avoiding donor site morbidity may be an issue in terms of a prompt return to sport.     

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by mini-arthrotomy

Summary. We present 50 consecutive patients with chronic anterior cruciate deficiency treated by reconstruction of the ligament through a limited arthrotomy using the middle third of the patellar tendon as a graft. The patients were all men with a mean age of 26 years (range 17 to 36 years) with an average follow up of 24 months. There were good or excellent results as measured by the Lysholm score in 41, and in 27 with the ARPEGE score. Movements were full in 46 and retropatellar pain was experienced by 4.

---

Résumé. Nous presentos une serie de 50 malades ayant bénificié d’une reconstruction du ligament croisé anterieur par une arthrotomie limitée utilisant le tier moyen du tendon rotulieu pour une laxité chronique du genou. Tous les patients sont des hommes, d’age moyen de 26 ans (entre 1 – 36 ans). Aprés un suivi de 24 mois nous avons retrouvé un resultat objectif excellent ou bon chez 82% des sujects opérés, alors que ces bons et excellents resultats étaitent de 54% si on les juge selon le systeme ARPEGE. 92% des patients ont une mobilité normale du genou. Une douleur rétropatellaire a été presente chez 8% des malades. Le but de cette étude est de présenter notre expérience de reconstruction du LCA par arthrotomie limitée utilisant un greffon du tier moyen du tendon rotulien, et en particulier en l’absence d’expérience pratique ou du matériel nécessaire pour ce type de chirurgie sous arthroscopie.

---

---

Accepted: 9 November 1996     

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafts

The annual incidence of more than 100,000 anterior cruciate ligament tears has increased with the rise of participation in sports in the general population, especially in females and older participants. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the standard of care in the young and/or athletically active individuals, based on prospective randomized studies. Replacement tissues to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament can be categorized as autograft, allograft, xenograft, and artificial replacements. Historically, xenograft and artificial replacements for the anterior cruciate ligament have failed dismally. As a result, autograft and allograft tissues commonly are used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. Autograft tissue currently is the most common source for grafts used worldwide. The two most common autograft tissues are the bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstrings tendons. Controversy exists regarding the advantages and disadvantages of using each of these two tissues. The purpose of the current study was to review the basic science and clinical data regarding the use of the hamstring tendons in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.