入院即刻血糖与急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死预后相关性研究

目的:观察入院时即刻血糖对急性非ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者30 d内心脏不良事件的预测价值。方法:对113例非ST段抬高的AMI患者资料回顾性分析,根据患者入院后即刻的随机血糖分为三组:A组血糖<7.8 mmol/L,B组血糖7.8～11 mmol/L,C组血糖>11.0 mmol/L。三组患者入院24 h内行相关的临床检查,并观察30 d内病死率及总心血管事件的发生情况。结果:在性别、年龄、吸烟、既往高血压、高脂血症、陈旧性心肌梗死的比例、梗死前心绞痛、入院后行PCI术比例三组之间差异均无统计学义(P>0.05);而在既往糖尿病史方面三组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);C组入院即刻血糖明显高于A组、B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):B组CK峰值高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而30 d总心血管事件发生率及住院期间病死率分别为C组43.8%和12.5%,B组34.3%和5.71%,A组19.6%和2.17%,三组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:入院即刻血糖水平升高是非ST段抬高心肌梗死30 d心脏不良事件的相对独立危险因素。     

评价应激性高血糖对老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的预后

目的探讨入院即刻血糖水平对老年急性心肌梗死(AM I)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗后住院死亡率的预测价值。方法选择作者所在医院行急诊PCI治疗的非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者120例。其中,男性98例,女性22例。年龄60～82岁,平均年龄68.1岁±4.3岁。按入院即刻血糖(SG)水平分为3组:SG≥6.1mmol/L为A组(强化治疗组)44例,SG≥11.1mmol/L为B组(常规治疗组)31例,血糖正常为C组45例,分别对3组患者住院期间心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、再梗死、梗死后心绞痛及主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的发生率进行对比分析。结果在心脏性死亡、急性心力衰竭、再梗死、梗死后心绞痛、恶性心律失常等方面,3组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组并发症的发生率明显高于A、C组;而A、C组未显示差异有统计学意义;MACE发生率分别为C组8.9%,B组38.6%,A组29.0%,3组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论入院即刻血糖升高的急性心肌梗死患者实施急诊PCI治疗后,院内死亡率及总的心血管事件发生率高,应给予重视。     

随机血糖水平对急性心肌梗死介入治疗后心肌灌注的影响

目的观察入院时随机血糖水平对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者心肌灌注的影响。方法对173例急诊PCI的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者的资料进行回顾性分析。根据入院后即刻的随机血糖,将患者分为3组：A组（血糖〈7.8mmol/L）;B组（血糖7.8～10.9mmol/L）;C组（血糖≥11.0mmol/L）。结果急诊PCI后,合并高血糖的B组、C组患者TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）O-1级所占比例高于血糖正常的A组（分别为23.4,35.1∶14.1,P〈0.05）,TMPG达3级所占比例低于A组（分别为75.1,58.6∶85.3,P〈0.05）。结论随机血糖水平影响心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后心肌组织灌注程度。     

应激性高血糖与急性心肌梗死相关因素分析

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死应激性血糖水平升高与心肌梗死性质, 梗死灶大小及病情预后的关系.方法 检测120例急性心肌梗死 (均否认糖尿病史)资料完整的AMI 进行回顾性分析.根据入院后即刻、24h、48h、72h血糖水平三组:Ⅰ组血糖 ≤6.1mmol/L,Ⅱ组血糖6.2～7.8mmol/L,Ⅲ组血糖≥7.8mmol/L.记录患者的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血糖值,分析各组血糖水平与心肌 梗死性质,梗死灶大小,病情的关系.比较各组心肌酶、心肌梗死范围、心功能、心律失常及住院病死率. 结果 (1)三组住院病死率分别为:Ⅰ组8.3%,Ⅱ组15.1%,Ⅲ组36.3 % .Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05); (2)三组肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及心肌梗死面积(S)进行比较, Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05); (3)住院期间死亡19例,存活101例,存活组与死亡组血糖分别为6.5±0.9mmol/L和7.3±0.9mmol/L.两组比较差异有显著性( P＜0.01);(4)对住院期间死亡危险因素进行回归分析,血糖升高与AMI住院期间病死率相关,且随着血糖升高,病死率增高. 结论 高血糖是AMI预后不良的标志之一.     

血栓抽吸在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI治疗中的应用

目的评价急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中应用血栓抽吸导管的临床疗效和安全性。方法 选择2007年6月—2008年10月符合急诊PCI条件的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者86例,随机分为2组,A组42例:使用冠脉内血栓抽吸导管,在持续负压下从血管近端至远端缓慢抽吸3～5次,血栓影消失后直接植入支架;B组44例:按常规治疗方法完成PCI术。比较2组血管TIMIⅢ级开通率、慢血流及无复流发生率、住院期间及出院后6个月心血管事件的发生率。结果 2组冠状动脉造影显示梗死相关血管(IRA)开通率均为100%。A组无复流、住院期间心血管事件发生率明显低于B组(4.8%vs 27.3%,4.8%vs 18.2%,P<0.05,P<0.01);6个月随访期间,2组心血管事件发生率为0%。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI术中应用血栓抽吸导管安全可行、操作简便,能够明显降低无复流和住院期间心血管事件的发生率。其临床疗效明显优于PTCA+支架置人术。     

急诊介入治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者白细胞水平与心肌灌注及预后相关研究

目的 探讨接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者即刻白细胞计数(WBC)水平对心肌组织水平灌注状态和预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析自2003年1月至2005年6月因急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI的患者404例,按急诊PCI前WBC水平分为3组:≤10×109/L为A组,＞10×109/L～≤15×109/L为B组,＞15×109/L为C组.以TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级评估心肌组织水平灌注,并观察住院期间发生的严重心脏不良事件的情况.结果 B、C组较A组年轻,B组吸烟率高于A组,C组CK-MB峰值高于A、B组,C组EF值低于A组,TMP灌注不良及住院死亡,MACE事件发生率高于A、B两组,多元逐步回归分析显示TMP和前壁心梗、年龄、胸痛、发作至PCI时间、术前CK-MB 峰值、WBC升高明显相关.结论 急性心肌梗死时WBC 水平的升高与介入治疗后TMP不良及院内病死率的升高明显相关,是预测院内生存率有价值的指标.     

血糖对急性心肌梗死预后的影响123例分析

目的:探讨患者入院血糖水平对急性心肌梗死(AMI)近期预后的影响。方法:将2005年1月至2009年1月入院的AMI123例纳入研究。记录基线时各指标及入院时的血糖值及住院期间心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克和死亡等不良事件发生数。按血糖水平进行分组,A组3.9～6.9mmol/L、B组7.0～11.09mmoml/L、C组≥11.1mmol/L。比较组间临床情况和住院期间不良事件发生率,探讨住院期间AMI患者不良事件发生的独立危险因素。结果:影响不良事件发生的变量分别是入院时血糖水平、心肌梗死面积(CK-MB值评估)、心肌梗死范围(MIS)、ST段抬高、再梗死率、心率。各组比较,主要心血管事件发生率有显著差异;多元回归分析显示,入院血糖水平等因素与住院期间不良事件发生相关。结论:入院血糖水平与AMI患者住院期间预后不良相关,入院血糖水平升高是影响AMI患者预后的标志。     

入院高血糖对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入后复流的影响

目的评价入院血糖水平与ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后复流的相关性。方法入选2006～2011年共2000例ST段抬高型AMI并在发病24 h内成功进行急诊PCI的患者,分为无复流组和复流组,收集所有患者的临床、冠脉造影和PCI相关的资料以评价复流现象。结果 2000例患者中发生无复流现象的患者为417例(20%),无复流患者入院血糖水平显著高于复流组患者(P<0.001);随着入院血糖水平的逐渐增加,无复流发生率也显著增加,血糖水平<7.8 mmol/L和>13 mmol/L时,无复流发生率分别为14.6%和36.7%(P=0.009)。结论入院血糖水平>13 mmol/L是ST段抬高型AMI患者急诊PCI后无复流的重要预测因素。     

血钾对急性心肌梗死患者生存状况的影响

目的研究血钾对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者生存状况的影响。方法依据入院时血钾水平将137例AMI患者分为A、B、C组,A组（血钾〈3.5 mmol/L）35例,为低血钾组;B组（血钾3.5-5.5 mmol/L）56例,为正常血钾组;C组（血钾〉5.5 mmol/L）46例为高血钾组。观察3组患者住院期间的室性心律失常发生率、住院期间病死率及随访期间病死率,分析血钾与室性心律失常、住院期间病死率及随访期间病死率的关系。结果 A、B、C组住院期间的室性心律失常发生率分别为20.00%、10.71%、30.43%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。住院期间病死率分别为8.57%、5.36%、17.39%差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。随访期间病死率分别为11.43%、8.93%、26.09%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。回归分析显示,血钾含量与患者住院期间的室性心律失常发生率,住院期间病死率及随访期间病死率均有关（均P〈0.05）。结论对AMI患者而言血钾水平与其病死率具有明显相关性,低水平和高水平的血钾对患者生存状况的影响明显。     

临床路径在ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死急诊中的应用研究

目的:探索研究临床路径在ST段抬高型急性心梗急诊中的应用的效果和可行性。方法:选取不同时期60例ST段抬高型急性心梗患者为非临床路径组,60例ST段抬高型急性心梗患者为临床路径组。非临床路径组给予本病的常规治疗和护理。临床路径组按ST段抬高型急性心梗临床路径规定给予治疗及护理。比较两组30 min内开始溶栓、90 min内开始经皮冠状介入治疗(PCI)的完成情况、心肌血液再灌注效果、住院期间并发症、病死率、出院一年内再次入院情况和主要心血管事件发生率等。结果:临床路径组在目标时间内完成溶栓和PCI的比例明显高于非临床路径组,平均用时明显少于非临床路径组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);心肌血液灌注效果优于非临床路径组;住院期间并发症、病死率、出院一年内再次入院情况和主要心血管事件发生率明显少于非临床路径组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:临床路径在ST段抬高型急性心梗急诊中可以有效的缩短患者住院到进行治疗时间,为患者的治疗争取时间。有效的提高心肌梗死再灌注治疗效果,减少并发症、病死率、心血管突发事件的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.