信号转导的功能蛋白质组学研究

随着人类基因组图谱的完成、蛋白质组学技术的飞速发展以及用于蛋白质鉴定的生物信息学的不断完善,蛋白质组学研究已经成为鉴定疾病相关标记和治疗靶点的有效工具。根据研究目的和研究手段的不同,蛋白质组学又分为表达蛋白质、结构蛋白质和功能蛋白质组学。表达蛋白质组学研究细胞内表达的蛋白质种类,双向凝胶电泳是主要的研究方法。     

比较蛋白质组学研究与应用进展

蛋白质组学研究细胞内蛋白质组成及其活动规律是对不同时间和空间发挥功能的特定蛋白质群体的研究。通过比较分析不同条件蛋白质组的差异表达,着眼发现和鉴定出有差异的蛋白质或蛋白质群,即比较蛋白质组学。介绍比较蛋白质组学研究内容适用于比较蛋白质组学研究的相关技术及其在疾病研究中的应用进展。     

基于质谱技术的新兴蛋白质组学及其应用研究

随着分子生物学的深入研究以及蛋白质组学技术的发展,对蛋白质的研究已从简单的蛋白质化学发展到蛋白质组学阶段,质谱技术已成为蛋白质组学研究中的重要工具和核心技术。而基于质谱技术的蛋白质组学已开始成熟,这为生命活动规律的研究提供了手段,为临床应用的研究提供给了新的思路和方法。文章综述了近年来基于质谱的新兴蛋白质组学的研究及其最近的突出应用,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

蛋白质组学技术在心血管疾病中的应用

蛋白质组学是研究蛋白质组的一个新兴科学,主要采用双向凝胶电泳、质谱分析、蛋白质芯片和生物信息学等高通量、自动化技术研究组织或细胞全部蛋白质变化。蛋白质组学技术已广泛应用于心力衰竭、冠心病、高血压、心肌肥厚、心肌病和心肌缺血再灌注等心血管疾病的发病机制研究,发现了以蛋白质组变化为特征的新发病机理,为药物防治提供了新的思路和方法。 基金     

蛋白质组学在肺癌研究中的应用进展

蛋白质组学(proteomics)指的是在大规模水平上研究细胞内动态变化的蛋白质的翻译后修饰、组成与表达水平,探究蛋白质之间的相互作用,揭示蛋白质功能与细胞活动规律的学科.蛋白质组学技术主要包括蛋白质的分离、质谱鉴定及生物信息学等技术.     

蛋白质组学研究中双向电泳的样品制备

蛋白质组学是目前生命科学研究中的一个热点,而双向电泳技术是现阶段大多数蛋白质组学研究中分离蛋白质混合物时所采用的主要技术.在双向电泳技术中,样品制备是整个分离过程中的关键一步,对实验结果将起到决定性作用.文章介绍了双向电泳技术的样品来源,并重点对样品制备过程一般包括的步骤,如样品匀质化、蛋白质溶解、干扰物去除和蛋白质富集等进行了详细说明.随着样品制备技术的发展,双向电泳技术将在蛋白质组学的研究中发挥更为显著的作用.     

蛋白质微阵列载体的选择及表面修饰方法

蛋白质微阵列又称蛋白质芯片,是近年来兴起的一项蛋白质组学研究技术,广泛应用于蛋白质组学研究、医学基础与临床诊断等,相比基因芯片上的DNA,蛋白质更为复杂和不稳定,固定在微阵列表面的蛋白质容易变性失活,因此研究和制作蛋白质微阵列的关键步骤之一就是要寻找合适的载体材料及其相应的表面修饰技术,以保证能够固定足够量蛋白质的同时保持蛋白质的活性。就近年来用于蛋白质微阵列的载体及其表面修饰方法进行综述。     

差异表达蛋白质组学中的常用技术

人类基因组计划基本完成后,人们又开始对生物所有蛋白质性质和功能进行大规模研究,即蛋白质组学。尤其是由于差异表达蛋白质组学在制药和疾病研究中的巨大潜力,更是倍受重视。蛋白质组学的极端复杂性决定了它所应用的技术更加复杂和综合,本文简要介绍了在差异表达蛋白质组学中的常用技术。     

蛋白质组学在自身免疫性疾病中的应用

蛋白质组学是研究细胞内所有蛋白质及其动态变化规律的科学,近年来它被广泛应用于生命科学的各个领域。蛋白质组学为疾病发病机制的研究提供了新的思路和方法。本文重点综述了蛋白质组学技术在自身免疫性疾病研究中的应用。     

蛋白质组学研究技术进展

本文综述了蛋白质组学研究技术的进展,包括样品制备、蛋白质分离技术、染色技术、蛋白质鉴定技术及蛋白质生物信息学.     

定量蛋白质组学在系统性红斑狼疮疾病中的应用

定量蛋白质组学的目的是对复杂的混合体系中所有的蛋白质进行鉴定,并对蛋白质量的变化进行测定,是当前生物科学研究中的重要内容.近年来,以质谱为基础的定量蛋白质组学技术在分析蛋白质组或亚蛋白质组方面取得令人瞩目的成就.对寻找和发现疾病中的特异标记物,对疾病的预防、诊断及疗效的监测方面具有重要作用.当前定量蛋白质组学在系统性红...     

Cancer Proteomics: The State of the Art

Now that the human genome has been determined, the field of proteomics is ramping up to tackle the vast protein networks that both control and are controlled by the information encoded by the genome. The study of proteomics should yield an unparalleled understanding of cancer as well as an invaluable new target for therapeutic intervention and markers for early detection. This rapidly expanding field attempts to track the protein interactions responsible for all cellular processes. By careful analysis of these systems, a detailed understanding of the molecular causes and consequences of cancer should emerge. A brief overview of some of the cutting edge technologies employed by this rapidly expanding field is given, along with specific examples of how these technologies are employed. Soon cellular protein networks will be understood at a level that will permit a totally new paradigm of diagnosis and will allow therapy tailored to individual patients and situations.     

Laser capture microdissection in the genomic and proteomic era: targeting the genetic basis of cancer

The advent of new technologies has enabled deeper insight into processes at subcellular levels, which will ultimately improve diagnostic procedures and patient outcome. Thanks to cell enrichment methods, it is now possible to study cells in their native environment. This has greatly contributed to a rapid growth in several areas, such as gene expression analysis, proteomics, and metabolonomics. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) as a method of procuring subpopulations of cells under direct visual inspection is playing an important role in these areas. This review provides an overview of existing LCM technology and its downstream applications in genomics, proteomics, diagnostics and therapy.     

Proteomics and enriched biological processes in Antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a developing area of research for unique profiles of this pathology. Advances in technologies of mass spectrometry brings improvements in proteomics and results in assessment of soluble or cellular proteins which could be candidates for clinical biomarkers of primary APS. The use of blood as a source of proteins ease the acquisition of samples for proteomics analyses and later for disease diagnosis. We performed a systematic review to explore the proteomics studies carried out in circulating released proteins (serum, plasma) or cellular proteins (monocytes and platelets) of APS patients. The study groups differentiate among clinical APS cases with the aim to translate molecular findings to disease stratification and to improve APS diagnosis and prognosis. These studies also include the unravelling of new autoantibodies in non-criteria APS or how post-translational protein modifications provides clues about the pathological mechanisms of antigen-autoantibody recognition. Herein, we identified 82 proteins that were dysregulated in APS across eleven studies. Enrichment analysis revealed its connection to cellular activation and degranulation that eventually leads to thrombosis as the main biological process highlighted by these studies. Validation of APS-relevant proteins by functional and mechanistic studies will be essential for patient stratification and the development of targeted therapies for every clinical subtype of APS.     

Present possibilities and future development of clinical proteomics

This review focuses on "clinical proteomics" which represents an emerging discipline in biomedical research. "Clinical proteomics" relies on the analysis of the proteome, i.e. the entire set of peptides and proteins present in a biological sample, to provide relevant data for diagnosis, prognosis or therapeutic strategies of human pathologies. This new type of approach has tremendous potential for the diagnosis of complex pathologies or for the early detection of cancers. This article reports the conclusions of a workgroup of the French Society for Clinical Biology (SFBC) 2004-2006 which evaluated the status, the impact and the future development of proteomics in the clinical field. It provides therefore a broad view going from the methods already present in the clinical laboratories (multiplex technologies...), to the tools for clinical and basis research including bioinformatics.     

基于液质联用的单细胞蛋白质组学研究进展

蛋白质是细胞功能的主要执行者,由于其无法在体外进行扩增,单细胞蛋白质组学技术相较单细胞基因组学和转录组学技术而言发展相对滞后。传统的蛋白质组学技术可获得大量细胞蛋白表达的平均值,但忽略了细胞亚型及细胞异质性等信息。单细胞水平的蛋白质分析有助于阐明细胞不同表型与异质性的分子基础。随着质谱仪的快速发展,基于质谱的方法将单细胞蛋白质组学推向新的高度。本文综述了近年来基于液质联用方法的单细胞蛋白质组学在单细胞挑选、样品前处理、同位素标签技术、肽段分离、质谱采集、数据分析等方面的研究进展,及其在生物医学研究中的应用,并对未来单细胞蛋白质组学面临的挑战和发展前景进行了展望。单细胞蛋白质组学技术的进步将为生物医学研究领域提供新的思路和解决方案,并加深我们对人类健康和疾病的理解。     

蛋白质组学在疾病研究中的应用进展

蛋白质组学是近年来发展起来并在不断完善的一门学科,其技术已在疾病研究中得到广泛应用,用于研究疾病发病机理、寻找疾病差异表达蛋白质。为疾病的临床诊断提供了有效手段。本文就蛋白质组学近年来在疾病研究中的应用最新进展加以综述。     

Proteomics for biomarker development toward personalized medicine

Cancer is a genetically and clinically diverse disease, and the therapeutic strategies should be optimized for individual cases. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics have generated molecular targeting anti-cancer drugs, and their optimized uses are an emergent challenge. Biomarkers are key tools to assess the malignant potential of tumor cells and to establish risk-stratified therapies. The proteome is a functional translation of the genome and it directly regulates the malignant phenotypes of tumor cells; thus, a proteomic approach could make significant contributions to biomarker development. In the past decade, proteomics technologies have progressed extensively, and biomarkers to predict the response to treatments were developed using clinical materials in various types of malignancies. For example, proteomics identified a strong biomarker candidate, pfetin, as a novel prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal stromal tumor, where the anticancer drug became available to reduce the risk of post-operative metastasis. The prognostic utility of pfetin was immunohistochemically established by multi-institutional validation studies, and we expect that in the near future we will be able to select patients who may need adjuvant therapy by measuring the expression of pfetin in surgical specimens. These observations suggested the utility of proteomics for biomarker development. Other than the application of advanced technologies, the key points in biomarker studies are the use of an adequate number of clinical materials with problem-oriented experimental designs. Collaborations between basic researchers and clinicians are critical for the effective approach towards realistic biomarkers by proteomics.     

Expression and functional proteomics studies in colorectal cancer

Cell dysfunction results from multiple rather than from single gene interactions in the majority of colorectal cancers (CRC). Proteins, not mRNA, are the functional molecules in the cell, and the relationship between gene expression measured at the mRNA level and the corresponding protein level is not linear. Current proteomics tools allow for the determination of post-translational modifications, and hence the presence of protein isoforms--some of them being disease-relevant. Thus, proteomics approaches are a welcome complement to traditional genetic approaches. In CRC, expression proteomics studies were carried out with colorectal cell lines, whole tissue biopsies, and purified epithelial cells. For CRC, two-dimensional electrophoresis reference maps, protein, and membrane protein databases are available on the internet. Functional proteomics studies have been performed to better understand signaling pathways, to characterize the molecular targets of novel drugs, and to identify tumor-associated antigens in CRC. The increasing use of proteomics technologies, when addressing clinical problems, will accelerate the evolution towards personalized medicine in CRC.