重症急性胰腺炎的外科治疗

重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)又称为急性出血坏死性胰腺炎 ,随病因、病期的不同而治疗方法亦不同。胆源性 SAP的治疗原则是 :凡以胆道病为主并伴有梗阻者 ,或 Oddi括约肌狭窄、临床出现梗阻性黄疸时 ,应积极手术治疗 ,以解除胆道梗阻。手术方法可选择经纤维十二指肠镜下 Oddi括约肌切开取石及鼻胆管引流、胆囊切除和胆总管探查 ,T管引流 ,并可加作小网膜胰腺区引流。以胆道病为主但不伴有梗阻者 ,应先非手术治疗 ,待急性胰腺炎缓解后 2～ 3个月再作胆囊切除术。下面重点阐述非胆源性 SAP的外科治疗。1　手术方式1.1　灌洗引流术　适用于胰腺周…     

急性坏死性胰腺炎5例治疗分析

急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)是外科危重急症之一,发病率呈上升趋势,死亡率也较高。作者对1994年2-6月间所收治的5例结果均痊愈的ANP进行治疗分析,并报道如下。 1 对象和方法 1.1 对象 均为急诊入院者。男1例,女4例,年龄38-72岁,60岁以上3例。以胆道感染、胆结石为诱因者4例,无诱因者1例。均有明显的中毒症状和腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、腹膜炎等体征。体温38℃以上4例。脉搏>120次/min 3例,无休克。白细胞≥1.5×10~9/L 4例,血尿淀粉酶均升高。B超示胆囊结石、胆囊壁增厚毛糙4例,胰腺肿胀,模糊不清。CT提示3例急性胰腺炎。腹腔穿刺     

重症急性胰腺炎的外科治疗

近30年来,经过国内外学者的不断探索,重症急性胰腺炎的外科治疗已经有了长足的进步,而进一步提高疗效、缩短疗程、简化治疗成为目前的主要任务,具体而言,需要注意以下几个方面。     

急性水肿型胆源性胰腺炎46例手术时机探讨

老年胰腺炎是一种非常严重的外科疾病。在我国 ,5 0 %～ 70 %老年胰腺炎为胆源性 ,而其中水肿型占 5 2 5 %。所以正确处理老年急性胆源性水肿型胰腺炎 (ＡＥＢＰＥ )对减少并发症、提高患者生存率 ,尤为重要。本文拟结合我科ＡＥＢＰＥ 46例诊治体会 ,对ＡＥＢＰＥ的手术时机进行探讨。1　 临床资料1.1　一般资料　我科于 1992年 3月至1999年 6月共收治ＡＥＢＰＥ患者 46例 ,占同期胰腺炎总数 6 4% ,其中女 3 2例 ,男 14例 ,年龄 60～ 92岁 ,平均 68 5岁。患者均有腹痛 ,血、尿淀粉酶增高 ,腹部Ｂ超提示胰腺肿胀、胆道结石。其中 3例有糖尿…     

急性胆源性胰腺炎两种外科治疗方法的疗效对比

目的探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP)较为理想的外科治疗方案。方法对本院96例ABP患者采用开腹和腹腔镜两种外科治疗方法的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中男46例,女50例;年龄(17～86)岁,平均(53.2±7.7)岁;对比两组患者腹痛缓解时间、血清淀粉酶恢复时间、住院时间、并发症发生率、死亡率。结果两组性别、年龄、病因、分型比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组腹痛缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复时间、住院时间三项指标内镜组均显著小于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义(P>0.05);内镜组并发症发生率明显低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组死亡率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期内镜干预可明显缩短梗阻型ABP各项指标的恢复时间,并显著降低并发症的发生率和死亡率。     

重型胰腺炎80例的外科治疗和预后

作者分析80例重型胰腺炎病人的临床资料。病死19例(23.8％)。病死率在手术时机≤5d和>5d组分别为40％和11.1％(P<0.01),在坏死组织清除组和规则性胰切除组为17.7％和44.4％(P<0.05),在给营养支持组和未给营养支持组为15.5％和40.7％(P<0.05)。结果提示:本病的手术时机最好推迟到发病5d后,术式宜行坏死组织清除术,尽早给营养支持有益于改善预后。     

重症急性胰腺炎76例外科治疗的回顾与认识

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)不同治疗方法的临床价值。方法 对近15年82例SAP病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 外科治疗76例病死率达37．5％，而非手术治疗26例无一例死亡。结论 SAP手术治疗具有高病死率的风险，合适的药物治疗能提高SAP的治愈率，降低病死率，因此，治疗重点应重视阻止SAP进一步发展和预防坏死组织继发感染、保护胃粘膜屏障的完整及胆汁引流的通畅。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎35例内镜治疗分析

急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)发生原因主要为胆道结石或微石梗阻于十二指肠壶腹或乳头开口,使胆汁反流入胰管引起一系列反应所致。因其发病率高,病程发展迅速、凶险,死亡率高,探讨安全有效的治疗方法一直是胰腺炎研究的课题之一。近年随着内镜治疗技术的发展,内镜下治疗胆源性胰腺炎大有取代外科手术的趋势。我院内镜中心自2002年8月成立以来内镜下治疗ABP患者取得较好效果。现总结报告如下。资料与方法     

急性重症胰腺炎78例治疗分析

急性重症胰腺炎(SAP)是一种病因复杂，病情凶险．发展迅速，并发症多，病死率高的常见外科急腹症。1999年3月至2003年12月，我院共收治SAP患者78例。现报告如下。     

急性胰腺炎的外科治疗

急性胰腺炎的外科治疗山东省立医院（２５００２１）吴泰璜徐健ＡＰ，特别是急性出血坏死型胰腺炎（ＡＨＮＰ）的病死率很高，手术彻底是降低其病死率的关键措施之一。我们认为，凡有以下情况者应积极手术：①确诊或高度怀疑ＡＨＮＰ，伴有休克、弥漫性腹膜炎、血性腹水、...     

Predictive biomarkers for acute gallstone pancreatitis in the pediatric population

Background

Early biomarkers for diagnosis of gallstone pancreatitis (GP) in pediatrics have not been well studied. Reliably differentiating GP from other causes of acute pancreatitis (AP) would allow for early diagnosis and prompt management. We sought to assess biomarkers and clinical variables for early GP diagnosis from a prospectively-enrolled registry of pediatric patients presenting with first AP episode.

Peritoneal lavage with aprotinin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Summary Conclusion Although high-dose aprotinin given intraperitoneally to patients with severe acute pancreatitis seems to inhibit activated trypsin in the peritoneal cavity, the treatment has little effect on the balance between proteases and antiproteases. Plasma levels of leukocyte proteases were high in all the patients, indicating leukocyte activation to be an important feature of the pathophysiology of severe acute pancreatitis. A surprise finding was that the patients had higher peritoneal levels of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) after the lavage procedure. Background Although most studies have shown protease inhibitor therapy to have little or no effect on acute pancreatitis, in an earlier study we found that very high doses of the protease inhibitor aprotinin given intraperitoneally to patients with severe acute pancreatitis seemed to reduce the need of surgical treatment for pancreatic necrosis. In the present study we have further analyzed plasma and peritoneal samples from the same patients to ascertain whether the aprotinin treatment affects the balance between proteases and endogenous antiproteases. Methods In a prospective double-blind randomized multicenter trial, 48 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were treated with intraperitoneal lavage. One group (aprotinin group,n=22) was also treated with high doses (20 million KIU given over 30 h) of aprotinin intraperitoneally. The remaining 26 patients made up the control group. The protease-antiprotease balance was studied by measuring immunoreactive anionic trypsin (irAT), cationic trypsin (irCT), complexes between cationic trypsin and alpha 1-protease inhibitor (irCT-α1PI), leukocyte elastase and neutrophil proteinase 4 (NP4), as well as the endogenous protease inhibitors, pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), alpha 2-macroglobulin (α 2M), alpha 1-protease inhibitor (α 1PI), antichymotrypsin (ACHY), and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Intraperitoneal levels were studied before and after the lavage procedure, and plasma levels were followed for 21 d. Results The control group had lower plasma levels of SLPI and analysis of peritoneal fluid showed the reduction of irCT-α 1PI to be more pronounced in the aprotinin group. None of the other variables measured differed significantly between the two groups. All patients had very high levels of leukocyte elastase and NP4 both in peritoneal exudate and in plasma. Peritoneal levels of PSTI were higher after the lavage procedure in contrast to the other measured variables that all showed lower peritoneal levels after the lavage.     

手术治疗胆石症并发急性胰腺炎患者血清炎症和氧化应激介质的变化

目的 探讨胆石症并发急性胰腺炎（AP）患者在病情稳定后接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）治疗血清炎性和氧化应激介质的变化。 方法 150例胆石症并发AP患者,在内科治疗病情稳定后,84例接受LC术,66例接受开腹胆囊切除术。采用ELISA法检测血清白介素-6（IL-6）、IL-10和C反应蛋白（CRP）;采用ELISA法检测血清丙二醛（MDA）、氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）和对氧磷酶-1（PON-1）;采用高效液相色谱法检测血清8-羟基鸟嘌呤（8-OHG）。 结果 术后第5天,LC组血清IL-6水平为（42.3±4.8）μg/L,显著低于开腹组的【（57.7±5.1）μg/L,P<0.05】,IL-10水平为（64.3±5.3） pg/ml,显著高于开腹组的【（51.2±4.2） pg/ml,P<0.05】,CRP水平为（15.8±5.7）μg/L,显著低于开腹组的【（38.4±6.8） μg/L,P<0.05】;MDA水平为（3.3±0.9） nmol/mL,显著低于开腹组的【（5.4±1.8） nmol/mL,P<0.05】,ox-LDL水平为（63.2±11.7） ng/ml,显著低于开腹组的【（72.3±11.0） ng/ml,P<0.05】,PON-1水平为（116.3±10.2） U/ml,显著高于开腹组的【（104.5±11.4） U/ml,P<0.05】,8-OHG水平为（0.5±0.2）ng/ml,与开腹组的（0.6±0.2） ng/ml比,无显著性相差（P>0.05）。 结论 对于胆石症并发AP患者,在内科控制AP病情后,及时行LC手术治疗,去除结石,可以减轻患者的氧化应激反应,安全可行。     

轻症急性胰腺炎患者血清淀粉酶不降的原因分析及处理对策

目的 探讨轻症急性胰腺炎患者血清淀粉酶不降的原因及防治对策.方法 对我院307例轻症急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 轻症急性胰腺炎患者血清淀粉酶不降的原因主要为急性胰腺炎病因未去除、进食不当、急性胰腺炎病情进展、特殊类型急性胰腺炎及合并其他疾病等.结论 观察并分析轻症急性胰腺炎患者血清淀粉酶不降的原因,采取正确的处理对策,对轻症急性胰腺炎患者的康复至关重要.     

Clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis in patients with cirrhosis

BackgroundAP outcomes in cirrhotic patients have not yet been studied. We aim to investigate the outcomes of cirrhotics patients with acute pancreatitis.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2003–2013) was queried for patients with a discharge diagnosis of AP and liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was further classified as compensated and decompensated using the validated Baveno IV criteria. Primary outcome was inpatient mortality. The analysis was adjusted for age, gender, race, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), median income quartile, and hospital characteristics.ResultsOver 2.8 million patients with acute pancreatitis were analyzed. Cirrhosis prevalence was 2.8% (80,093). Both compensated and decompensated cirrhosis subjects had significantly higher mortality. Highest odds ratios (OR) were: inpatient mortality (OR 3.4, P < 0.001), Shock (OR 1.5, P = 0.02), Ileus (OR: 1.3, p = 0.02, ARDS (OR 1.2, p = 0.03), upper endoscopy performed (OR 2.0, p < 0.001), blood transfusions (OR 3.1, p < 0.001), gastrointestinal bleed (OR 5.5, p < 0.001), sepsis (OR 1.3, p = 0.005), portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (OR 7.2, p < 0.001), acute cholecystitis (OR 1.3, p < 0.001). Interestingly, cirrhosis patients had lower hospital length of stay, (OR 0.16, p < 0.001), AKI (OR 0.93, p = 0.06), myocardial infarction (OR 0.31, p < 0.001), SIRS (OR 0.62, p < 0.001), parenteral nutrition requirement (OR 0.84, p = 0.002). Decompensated cirrhosis had higher inflation-adjusted hospital charges (+$3896.60; p < 0.001).ConclusionAP patients with cirrhosis have higher inpatient mortality, but it is unlikely to be due to AP severity as patients had lower incidence of SIRS and AKI. Higher mortality is possibly related to complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension itself such as GI bleed, shock, PVT, AC and sepsis.     

应用EST技术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床体会

目的 探讨内镜下乳头Oddi括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)在急性肌源性胰腺炎(acute gallstone pancreatitis,AGP)诊治中的应用价值。方法 将入选的189例AGP患者随机分为EST治疗组(n=79)和对照组(n=110),并根据APACHE Ⅱ评分,将每组再进一步分为重症组和轻症组,两组患者均给予中西医结合治疗。EST治疗组在入院后24h内行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)+EST,如发现胆总管或胆胰共同通道有结石,则行网篮、气囊取石或碎石器碎石后取石,如结石多、结石直径大或取石未净,则EST术后再行鼻胆管引流术(endoscopic nasobilliary drainage,ENBD)。结果 对重症AGP,EST治疗组的并发症发生率转开腹手术率、住院天数及住院费用均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);而轻症AGP,两组之间无显著差异结论 早期应用EST技术治疗重症AGP是有效的和安全的。     

Analysis of factors influencing survival in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Objective: Acute pancreatitis (AP) ranges from a mild and self-limiting disease to a fulminant illness with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is defined as persistent organ failure lasting for 48?h. We aimed to determine the factors that predict survival and mortality in patients with SAP.

Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of patients who were admitted with acute pancreatitis between January 2003 and January 2013. A total of 1213 cases involving 660 patients were evaluated, and 68 cases with SAP were selected for the study. Patients were graded based on the Computer Tomography Severity Index (CTSI), the bedside index for severity (BISAP), and Ranson’s criteria.

Results: The frequency of SAP was 5.6% (68/1213 cases). Among these patients, 17 died due to pancreatitis-induced causes. We compared several factors between the survivor (n?=?51) and non-survivor (n?=?17) groups. On multivariate analysis, there were significant differences in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (p?=?.04), Ranson score (p?=?.03), bacteremia (p?=?.05) and body mass index (BMI) (p?=?.02) between the survivor and non-survivor groups.

Conclusions: Bacteremia, high Ranson score, DM, and lower BMI were closely associated with mortality in patients with SAP. When patients with SAP show evidence of bacteremia or diabetes, aggressive treatment is necessary. For the prediction of disease mortality, the Ranson score might be a useful tool in SAP.     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的诊治体会

目的：总结急性胆源性胰腺炎的诊治体会，以改进诊治方法。方法：对110例胆源性胰腺炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：110例中83例确是胆源性胰腺炎，其中入院时胆道仍有梗阻（梗阻型）34例，梗阻已解除（非梗阻型）49例。其余27例不是胆源性胰腺炎，20例只是胆源性一过性胰高压，7例乃一般胰腺炎，发病与胆道无关。结论：诊断胆源性胰腺炎要有根据，临床上不可凡遇胆道有结石，血或（和）尿淀粉酶升高就诊断为胆源性胰腺炎。要根据治疗前胆道有无梗阻对胆源性胰腺炎分型论治：梗阻型应尽早引流解除胆道梗阻，非梗阻型宜积极保守治疗，病情缓解后在同一住院期内手术。胆源性一过性胰高压和胰腺炎要按胆道或胰腺病情处理，不可一概按胆源性胰腺炎治疗。     

重症胆源性胰腺炎32例的手术时机与预后分析

目的 探讨重症胆源性胰腺炎(SBP)的手术时机与预后的关系.方法 将SBP患者按照发病至手术时间＜7 d、7～14 d、＞14 d进行分组,比较各组患者的并发症发生率和病死率.结果 2006年至2009年共收治32例SBP患者,男15例,女17例,平均年龄51岁.发病7 d内手术9例,均为胆管梗阻者;7～14 d内于术12例,均为早期非手术治疗效果不佳或加重者;＞14 d手术者11例.三组患者的并发症发生率分别为44.4%、50.0%和45.5%,无显著差异(P＞0.05);病死率分别为11.1%、16.7%和18.2%,亦无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 SBP应采用个体化的处理方针,伴有胆道梗阻、化脓性胆管炎或病情发展迅猛而非手术治疗无效者应尽早手术,这是降低SBP病死率,改善预后的关键.