颈前路椎体次全切减压植骨内固定术治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病中远期随访

目的:回顾分析颈前路椎体次全切减压植骨内固定术治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病的中远期疗效.方法:回顾我院自2008 ～ 2011年采用颈前路椎体次全切减压植骨内固定术治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病患者43例的临床资料.采用SPSS18.0软件对患者术前、术后、末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎生理弯曲与椎间高度比较进行统计学分析.结果:平均随访3.5年(2～5年),所有患者术前术后JOA评分术前平均8.5±1.4分,术后JOA评分12.5±1.3分,末次JOA评分14.5±1.3分.患者术前术后JOA评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);末次随访与术前JOA评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),神经改善率优良率83.72％,患者术后颈椎生理曲度较术前有明显恢复,患者术前术后颈椎生理弯曲差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),末次随访与术前颈椎生理弯曲差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而且患者术后椎间高度较术前有明显改善.结论:颈前路椎体次全切减压植骨内固定术治疗双节段颈椎病能够明显改善患者神经功能,稳定颈椎,恢复颈椎生理弯曲度及椎间高度,而且中远期疗效确实.     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病前后路手术治疗的疗效比较

目的比较前路减压植骨内固定和后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对多节段脊髓型颈椎病的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2003-01～2009-01手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者68例,前路减压植骨内固定33例(A组),后路全椎板切除减压术或单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗35例(B组),术前和术后按照JOA评分系统进行评分并计算恢复率,MRI测量硬脊膜囊矢状径并计算膨胀回复率。结果术后随访6个月～4年2个月,平均1年11个月,两组手术病例术前JOA评分及硬脊膜矢状径比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后JOA评分和恢复率,硬脊膜囊矢状径和膨胀回复率前路手术组高于后路手术组,差异均有统计学显著意义(P0.05)。结论前、后路减压手术均是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法,前路减压植骨内固定术优于后路全椎板切除减压或单开门椎管扩大成形术。     

颈前路分段减压植骨融合术治疗老年多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨经前路分节段减压植骨融合术治疗老年三节段及以上复杂性脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法选择接受颈椎前路减压椎间植骨融合钛板螺钉内固定术的多节段颈椎病患者50例,收集患者的一般资料和手术时间、术中出血量、术前、术后1 w、术后12个月时的JOA分值以及手术前后的颈椎X光片、CT和MRI。分析临床症状缓解情况和JOA改善率,观察内固定及植骨融合情况,颈椎标准矢状位侧位片Cobb角、融合节段椎体前缘高度(HAB)及后缘高度(HPB)。结果该组病例手术时间90¹50 min,平均120 min。出血量150150 min,平均120 min。出血量150⁴50 ml,平均325.5 ml。平均随访15.1个月,术后2 w内均感神经症状明显好转,下肢肌力增加,肢体活动较术前明显改善,且双上肢感觉异常基本消失。除3例术前已颈髓损伤严重者,无明显恢复外,其他47例患者神经功能均有不同程度改善;50例术后12个月颈椎正侧位X片提示均可见椎间隙融合,椎间高度及生理弧度维持良好。结论前路分节段减压植骨融合钛板内固定手术是治疗三节段及以上脊髓型颈椎病的安全有效的手术方式,值得提倡。     

前路手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病临床疗效分析

目的 探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病前路减压与重建术的临床疗效。方法对22例多节段脊髓型颈椎病的患者行颈前路减压自体髂骨或钛网以及钛网与椎间融合器（Cage）植骨加颈前钛板内固定术。结果22例术后均获得随访,随访时间为6个月～2a,平均13．5个月。采用日本骨科协会（JOA）评分标准评价,术前JOA评分为（7．23．4±1．06）分,术后为（14．60±2．96）分（P〈0．01）。用骨髓功能改善率（RIS）评定疗效,本组优16例,良4例,可1例,差1例,优良率90．9％。结论颈前路减压植骨内固定术是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法。     

不同外科治疗方案在老年多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者中的疗效对比

目的探讨不同外科治疗方案在老年多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者中的效果。方法 108例老年多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,采用随机数表法分为A组(n=54)和B组(n=54),给予A组颈椎前路单节段间盘切除合并椎间融合器植骨融合钛板内固定术治疗,给予B组颈椎前路椎体依次全切除联合钛网椎间植骨钛板内固定术治疗。比较两组临床疗效、骨融合率、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、平均椎间隙高度和颈曲值。结果术后12个月两组有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组植骨融合率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前两组JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后B组VAS低于A组(P<0.05)。干预前两组平均椎间隙高度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后B组颈曲值低于A组(P<0.05)。结论颈椎前路单节段间盘切除合并椎间融合器植骨融合钛板内固定术与颈椎前路椎体依次全切除联合钛网椎间植骨钛板内固定术治疗节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效无显著差异,但前者的植骨融合率较高,VAS低,且能够较好地改善颈曲状况。     

颈椎前路Cage融合术与钛板固定融合术治疗颈椎病中期疗效比较

目的比较颈椎前路Cage融合术和钛板固定融合术治疗颈椎病的中期疗效。方法将113例颈椎病患者随机分为观察组56例和对照组57例。观察组采用颈椎前路减压单纯PEEK-Cage融合术治疗,对照组行经前路减压植骨融合钛板内固定术治疗。术后随访6个月,比较两组术前及术后6个月的JOA评分、椎间高度、颈椎曲度及术后并发症发生情况。结果两组术后6个月JOA评分均高于术前(P均<0.05),观察组术后JOA评分高于对照组术后(P<0.05)。术后即刻及术后6个月两组椎间高度、颈椎曲度均高于术前(P均<0.05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义。观察组发生椎间塌陷0例、椎间不融合1例、硬脊膜破裂2例、内置物移位或松动2例,对照组分别为5、9、7、5例,观察组椎间不融合发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),其他并发症发生率两组相比差异无统计学意义。结论与钛板固定融合术相比,颈椎前路减压Cage融合术治疗颈椎病中期疗效类似,但并发症少。     

两种颈前路术式治疗老年患者双节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的对比评价颈前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术(ACCF)及颈前路双节段椎间盘切除椎间融合术(ACDF)治疗老年连续双节段受累的脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法选择42例老年脊髓型颈椎病患者,随机分为2组,采用ACCF治疗19例(ACCF组)和ACDF治疗23例(ACDF组),根据颈椎侧位片测量颈椎生理曲度Cobb角的变化,记录植入物下沉、移位等植入物相关的并发症发生率及植骨融合率,根据随访MRI评估手术减压效果以及JOA评分评估神经功能改善率。结果两组脊髓型颈椎病患者术后随访2年,两组患者都获得100%植骨融合率,MRI检查显示手术减压效果相当,JOA评分神经功能改善率两组无显著差异(P0.05),而ACCF组Cobb角为(19.95±1.35)°,ACDF组Cobb角为(22.78±2.02)°,两组差异显著(P0.05),ACCF组植入物相关的并发症发生率为21.05%明显高于ACDF组(0%,P0.05)。结论老年连续双节段脊髓型颈椎病患者两种颈前路减压手术都可以获得满意的脊髓减压效果及神经功能恢复,最终都能够获得骨性融合,而ACDF更趋合理,优势在于更利于维持颈椎生理弧度及椎间隙高度,植入物相关的并发症发生率低,为植骨融合提供稳定的局部力学环境。     

两种颈前路术式治疗中老年双节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效对比

目的比较颈前路椎间盘切除椎间植骨融合内固定术(ACDF)与颈前路椎体次全切除植骨融合内固定术(ACCF)治疗中老年连续双节段受累的脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法回顾性分析38例双节段脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料,其中ACDF组18例,ACCF组20例。比较两组失血量、手术时间、日本整形外科协会(JOA)评分、颈椎曲度改善、融合率的差异。结果术后随访1、3、6个月,两组JOA评分及术后1年植骨融合率无统计学差异(P>0.05);术中平均失血量、平均手术时间、术后颈椎曲度、术后并发症发生率有统计学差异(均P<0.05)。结论两种颈前路减压手术对中老年连续双节段脊髓型颈椎病患者都可以获得满意的治疗效果,ACDF的优势在于更利于维持颈椎生理弧度,同时植入物相关的并发症发生率更低,是更优的治疗选择。     

前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的分析前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)的疗效,提高植骨融合率。方法将72例CSM患者随机分为两组,每组36例,两组均行前路减压,对照组实施单纯植骨融合术,观察组实施纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(n-HA/PA66)支撑体内植骨+Atlantis杂合性钢板内固定术,于术前、术后1周、6个月、1年对患者进行JOA评分、NDI评分及Nurick评级,术后1年采用Odom's标准评价整体疗效,并观察术后植骨融合情况。结果两组术后各时间段JOA评分、Nurick评级较术前均有所改善(P0.05),但组间比较无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后各时段NDI评分高于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后6个月、1年手术节段屈伸活动度均高于对照组(P0.01);观察组Odom's评分优良率为86.11%、植骨融合率为100.00%,均高于对照组的63.89%、77.78%(P0.05)。结论前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗CSM疗效显著,可促进手术节段运动功能的恢复,提高植骨融合率。     

颈前路椎间盘摘除植骨融合Zero-p固定治疗神经根型颈椎病的疗效

目的分析单节段神经根型颈椎病应用颈前路减压零切迹(Zero-P)椎间植骨融合固定术后疗效。方法选取单节段神经根型颈椎病患者70例,根据不同手术方法分为观察组35例采用Zero-P零切迹颈前路椎间植骨融合系统;对照组35例采用前路Cage椎间植骨融合钛板内固定术。比较两组日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、手术时间、术中出血量、疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分、术后吞咽困难发生率、椎间高度、Cobb角等情况。结果两组均获得有效随访,随访时间为14.4个月;观察组术后12个月时异位骨化发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组术后吞咽困难、手术时间与观察组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)、VAS评分、JOA评分、Cobb角及椎间高度与对照组对比显示差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3、6个月对照组Cobb角度明显低于观察组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05);12个月时两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Zero-P零切迹颈前路椎间植骨融合系统可有效减轻吞咽困难,且手术操作方法简单安全,缓解了邻近节段椎体异位骨化的发生,此手术方法安全性较高。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变、宫颈癌中乙酰肝素酶的表达及意义

目的 探讨乙酰肝素酶在宫颈黏膜上皮内瘤变与宫颈癌中的表达及其意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测乙酰肝素酶在56例宫颈黏膜上皮内瘤变(轻度12例,中度26例,重度18例)、54例宫颈癌(伴有淋巴结转移的20例,不伴淋巴转移34例)中的表达.结果 乙酰肝素酶在宫颈黏膜上皮轻、中、重度上皮内瘤变组织中表达率分别为33.33%,38.48%,44.44%,宫颈癌中表达率为48.14%.乙酰肝毒酶在宫颈黏膜上皮内瘤变与宫颈癌中的表达无统计学意义(P＞0.05).20例宫颈癌伴淋巴结转移者,乙酰肝素酶表达(70.00%)明显高于无转移组(35.29%),P＜0.01.结论 乙酰肝素酶表达与宫颈癌发生、发展无关,与宫颈癌组织淋巴结转移有关.     

黄石市620例女性宫颈病变与宫颈HPV亚型分布关系分析

目的分析黄石市620例女性宫颈病变与宫颈人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)亚型的关系,为宫颈癌防治及宫颈HPV疫苗研制提供数据支持。方法选取2015-01~2015-12在黄石市妇幼保健院进行宫颈癌筛查女性6 500例,结合液基薄层细胞(TCT)、阴道镜和宫颈活检结果进行分组研究。结果 HPV感染阳性率为25.23%;根据病检结果:慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)Ⅰ级、CINⅡ/Ⅲ级、宫颈癌HPV感染率分别为37.50%、60.00%、83.33%、100.00%。其中高危型HPV16(33.87%)、高危型HPV52(14.52%)、低危型HPV43(6.45%)、低危型HPV42(6.45%)所占比率最高,而单一感染占79.55%,≤30岁感染率为40.28%。结论黄石地区最多见的感染宫颈HPV亚型为高危型HPV16、HPV52及低危型HPV43、HPV42,且随着宫颈病变程度的增加,宫颈HPV的阳性率也随之增加,以单一感染为主。宫颈HPV感染有年轻化的趋势。     

TTV and HPV co-infection in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions

Background  

The female lower genital tract is a gateway for pathogens entering the host through the mucous membrane. One of the prevalent human viruses is Torque teno virus (TTV). The major reported routes of TTV transmission are fecal-oral and parenteral. Furthermore, other modes of transmission, e.g. sexual contact, are suggested. To investigate the sexual route of TTV transmission, cervical smears of healthy women and those with cervical lesions were screened for the presence of TTV DNA.     

Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, and knowledge regarding its cause and pathogenesis is expanding rapidly. Persistent infection with one of about 15 genotypes of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) causes almost all cases. There are four major steps in cervical cancer development: infection of metaplastic epithelium at the cervical transformation zone, viral persistence, progression of persistently infected epithelium to cervical precancer, and invasion through the basement membrane of the epithelium. Infection is extremely common in young women in their first decade of sexual activity. Persistent infections and precancer are established, typically within 5-10 years, from less than 10% of new infections. Invasive cancer arises over many years, even decades, in a minority of women with precancer, with a peak or plateau in risk at about 35-55 years of age. Each genotype of HPV acts as an independent infection, with differing carcinogenic risks linked to evolutionary species. Our understanding has led to improved prevention and clinical management strategies, including improved screening tests and vaccines. The new HPV-oriented model of cervical carcinogenesis should gradually replace older morphological models based only on cytology and histology. If applied wisely, HPV-related technology can minimise the incidence of cervical cancer, and the morbidity and mortality it causes, even in low-resource settings.     

HIV-positive women and cervical screening

To date the management of HIV-positive women regarding the prevention of cervical cancer remains controversial. There are different approaches to cervical screening in different health authorities in the UK and worldwide due to different funding and healthcare provision in general, the official disease prevalence and the attempt to tailor the screening programme according to a perceived risk for the population covered, but most of all in the diverse evidence provided to aid the development of a screening programme. The advent of high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may also have altered the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) before it became sufficiently understood and future studies have to take this into account when investigating the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) and CIN on the risk of developing cervical cancer. This article aims to summarize the available evidence to date and provide a basis on which an effective and acceptable screening programme for HIV-positive women can be developed.     

Detection of STAT2 in early stage of cervical premalignancy and in cervical cancer

ObjectiveTo measure the expression pattern of STAT2 in cervical cancer initiation and progression in tissue sections from patients with cervicitis, dysplasia, and cervical cancer.MethodsAntibody against human STAT2 was confirmed by plasmids transient transfection and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect STAT2 expression in the cervical biopsies by using the confirmed antibody against STAT2 as the primary antibody.ResultsIt was found that the overall rate of positive STAT2 expression in the cervicitis, dysplasia and cervical cancer groups were 38.5%, 69.4% and 76.9%, respectively. The STAT2 levels are significantly increased in premalignant dysplasia and cervical cancer, as compared to cervicitis (P< 0.05). Noticeably, STAT2 signals were mainly found in the cytoplasm, implying that STAT2 was not biologically active.ConclusionsThese findings reveal an association between cervical cancer progression and augmented STAT2 expression. In conclusion, STAT2 increase appears to be an early detectable cellular event in cervical cancer development.     

Geographic distribution of cervical cancer-associated human leucocyte antigens and cervical cancer incidence in Finland

Cervical cancer (CxCa) is a long-term sequelae caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Genetic susceptibility to the persistent infection and CxCa is associated with certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) types. The same susceptibility genes may also determine whether a woman will be protected against the persistent infection and against CxCa by HPV vaccination or not. A systematic review of literature identified following HLAs to be associated with CxCa: A11 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.0); B7 (1.5, 1.1-2.0); B15 (0.6, 0.4-0.8); DR2 (1.2, 1.1-1.4) and DR6 (0.6, 0.5-0.8). In the Caucasian population, HLA-B7 and DR6, and DR2 and B15 antigens showed at least borderline associations. In view of a bone marrow donor registry at the Finnish Red Cross and the Finnish Cancer Registry, we created geographic distribution maps of index HLA frequencies and CxCa incidence in the fertile-aged Finnish population. Increased incidence of CxCa was found in a region of western coastal Finland, where frequency of two CxCa susceptibility genes (HLA-DR2 and B7) was increased, and frequency of one CxCa resistance gene (HLA-B15) was decreased. Whether or not HLA type determines also regional susceptibility to persistent HPV infection, and the success of HPV vaccination in preventing both the persistent infection and CxCa warrants further investigation.