手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病105例临床分析

回顾性分析105例经手术治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料。采取颈前路行减压植骨融合手术91例，其中单纯植骨减压74例，同时予钛板内固定23例；行单开门椎管扩大成形术13例；行双开门椎管扩大成形术1例。术后常规用药，随访2个月-5a，优良率91．0％，无无效及恶化病例。认为根据脊髓压迫来源、范围、程度选择手术入路及方法，彻底解除脊髓压迫，有利于促进神经恢复。     

颈椎交叉开门、植骨内固定治疗压迫性颈脊髓病22例分析

1997年以来 ,我们应用颈椎交叉开门、“门角”处植骨内固定治疗多节段压迫性颈脊髓病 2 2例 ,效果较好。现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 14例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 5 8～ 73岁 ,平均 6 2岁。病因为颈椎管狭窄症 4例 ,脊髓型颈椎病或 (和 )多节段颈椎间盘突出症 8例 ,颈椎后纵韧带骨化症 5例 ,无骨折脱位颈髓损伤 3例。发病部位在第 3～ 7颈椎 (C3～ C7) ,3～ 5个节段 ,平均 3.8个节段。颈椎 X线侧位片示椎管矢状径变窄 ,AB/ CD比值小于 0 .75。 CT或 MRI测量椎管矢状径 5～11mm,平均 7.8mm。临床表现为双下肢麻木无力 6例 ,单侧上肢疼痛、麻木…     

椎间撑开前路减压植骨钢板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的 探讨脊髓型颈椎病行椎间撑开前路减压植骨钢板内固定的疗效.方法 选择2004-01～2008-06收治的36例脊髓型颈椎病,其中单节段病变30例,两节节段病变6例,都有不同程度的脊髓神经损伤.所有患者进行椎间撑开前路矩形减压植骨钢板内固定术,比较术前术后病变椎间隙高度和脊髓功能,采用日本骨科学会(JOA)的评分标准对疗效进行评价.结果 36例获得随访6～12个月,平均9个月,无颈髓和喉上喉返神经损伤,无钢板和螺钉松动及椎前血肿等并发症发生.术前与术后、术前与术后6个月以及术后与术后6个月的JOA评分及椎间隙高度比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).术后6个月明显改善脊髓神经功能,基本维持椎间隙高度和颈椎生理曲度.结论 椎间撑开前路矩形减压植骨钢板手术减压较彻底,能有效维持椎间高度和稳固固定,减少邻近椎体退变,是目前两节段以内脊髓型颈椎病较常用、疗效可靠的治疗方法.     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病前后路手术治疗的疗效比较

目的比较前路减压植骨内固定和后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对多节段脊髓型颈椎病的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2003-01～2009-01手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者68例,前路减压植骨内固定33例(A组),后路全椎板切除减压术或单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗35例(B组),术前和术后按照JOA评分系统进行评分并计算恢复率,MRI测量硬脊膜囊矢状径并计算膨胀回复率。结果术后随访6个月～4年2个月,平均1年11个月,两组手术病例术前JOA评分及硬脊膜矢状径比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后JOA评分和恢复率,硬脊膜囊矢状径和膨胀回复率前路手术组高于后路手术组,差异均有统计学显著意义(P0.05)。结论前、后路减压手术均是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法,前路减压植骨内固定术优于后路全椎板切除减压或单开门椎管扩大成形术。     

全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨后路全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果。方法2002年1月喇8年6月我院收治的腰椎管狭窄症患者55例,手术方法为后路全椎板切除减压术＋椎弓根螺钉固定术＋后外侧植骨术。结果所有病例均得到随访,平均36个月（6-72个月）,47例优或良,6例可,2例差。优良率85．5％。结论后路全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症临床效果肯定。     

前路手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病临床疗效分析

目的 探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病前路减压与重建术的临床疗效。方法对22例多节段脊髓型颈椎病的患者行颈前路减压自体髂骨或钛网以及钛网与椎间融合器（Cage）植骨加颈前钛板内固定术。结果22例术后均获得随访,随访时间为6个月～2a,平均13．5个月。采用日本骨科协会（JOA）评分标准评价,术前JOA评分为（7．23．4±1．06）分,术后为（14．60±2．96）分（P〈0．01）。用骨髓功能改善率（RIS）评定疗效,本组优16例,良4例,可1例,差1例,优良率90．9％。结论颈前路减压植骨内固定术是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法。     

老年多节段颈椎间盘突出症并发育性颈椎管狭窄两种后路手术的疗效比较

目的 比较老年多节段颈椎间盘突出症并发育性颈椎管狭窄两种后路手术的疗效.方法 回顾性研究我院2005年6月至2010年6月采用颈椎后路(单或双开门)椎管扩大成形术治疗的老年性多节段颈椎间盘突出症并发育性颈椎管狭窄患者42例,pavlvo比值均＜0.75.采用单开门椎管扩大成形术+侧块螺钉固定术20例,双开门]椎管扩大成形术+人工梯形骨块固定22例.按JOA评分标准计算优良率,复查颈椎CT比较测量两组椎管矢状径情况并统计两组术后并发症情况.结果 术后随访7 - 15个月,平均10个月,术前两组JOA评分及椎管矢状径(颈椎CT上测量)比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后椎管矢状径单开门组大于双开门组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).并发症发病率单开门组高于双开门组(P＜0.01).术后神经功能恢复改善率,双开门组稍优于单开门组,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 老年多节段颈椎间盘突出症并发育性颈椎管狭窄后路手术中,单双开门手术均有效,但双开门手术组在改善率及术后并发症方面优于单开门手术组.     

颈前路多节段减压原位植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病

采用自行设计的颈前路多节段减压原位植骨术治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者56例.术后随访40例.疗效满意。该术式的优点为:①脊髓减压充分彻底.植骨融合率高.颈椎稳定性好;②操作简便.手术创伤小.患者痛苦少;③无需自体另行取骨,避免了供骨区反应及后遗症;④近期疗效好,远期疗效稳定。认为该术式对有颈前路手术指征的脊髓型颈椎病患者是一种理想的疗法。     

多节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨多节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗疗效。方法自2005年3月～2009年10月,采用广泛椎板减压椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎间融合和后外侧融合或椎管钛网成形治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症患者46例。术后平均随访3.7 a,应用JOA评分(29分法)对手术前后临床疗效进行主客观评价。结果术后患者JOA评分较术前有显著提高(P均<0.01)。术后半年优良率86.9%。结论采用广泛椎板减压椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎间融合和后外侧融合或椎管钛网成形治疗多节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症,可取得满意和持久的临床疗效。     

一期后前路减压治疗脊髓型颈椎病(附12例报告)

脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)是颈椎退变性疾病的一种类型，严重危害中老年人健康。CSM的手术治疗一般采用颈前路椎间盘骨赘切除减压、植骨融合、带锁钢板固定，或单纯行颈后路椎管扩大成形术、颈椎板切除减压术等。但对于合并发育性颈椎管狭窄的严重多节段颈椎间盘突出者，往往需要再次手术。2000年2月至2002年10月，我院采用一期后前路联合减压治疗CSM12例，效果满意，现报告如下。     

前路和后路手术方式治疗老年脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的探讨老年脊髓型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM）不同入路手术的疗效,以期提高老年CSM的临床效果。方法选择接受手术治疗的160例老年CSM患者,根据手术入路的方式分为前路组（n=80）与后路组（n=80）。前路组患者接受颈椎前路减压植骨融合术;后路组患者接受颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术。观察并比较2组患者的手术时间、术中及术后并发症、脊髓神经功能优良率及手术前后日本骨科学会评分（JOA）的变化。结果前路组平均手术时间比后路组明显缩短（P〈0.05）;前路组平均术中出血量显著少于后路组（P〈0.01）。2组脊髓神经功能优良率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;2组术后JOA评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后前路组JOA评分改善优于后路组（P〈0.05）。结论颈椎前路减压植骨融合术和颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术治疗CSM均具有较好的疗效;合理选择好手术适应证可提高老年CSM患者的临床疗效及减少并发症的发生。     

老年颈椎管狭窄并发脊髓病的外科治疗

目的：探讨老年颈椎管狭窄并发脊髓病的外科治疗结果及围手术期并存病的处理原则,方法：分析15例病人临床表现,颈椎X线动力性拍片及MRI病理改变,围手术期并存病控制及手术疗效。结果：6例椎板成形和8例推板减压者均获得优良疗效,并存病控制得当,无并发症发生,结论：老年颈椎管狭窄并发脊髓病是退变,骨质疏松和颈椎不稳等多因素所致,年龄不是禁忌手术治疗的金标准,控制好围手术期并存病,颈椎后路手术疗效是令人满意的,由于老年骨质疏松,椎板成形易失败。     

Clinical Case Report of Expansive Laminoplasty for Cervical Myelopathy Due to Both Disc Herniation and Developmental Cervical Spinal Canal Stenosis in Older Adolescents

Reports on adolescent patients with cervical myelopathy who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion are scarce. However, to our knowledge, no cases of expansive laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy associated with progressive neurological deficit after a series of conservative treatment, caused by both disc herniation and developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis, have been reported.From January 2006 to July 2012, we retrospectively studied 3 patients in late adolescence presenting with cervical myelopathy who underwent expansive unilateral open-door laminoplasty at our hospital. The outcomes after the surgery were evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopedic Association scores.Symptoms presented by these patients were due to both disc herniation and developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis. No major complications occurred after the surgical procedures. The median follow-up time was 66 months (range 36–112 months). The Japanese Orthopedic Association scores after surgery showed a significant increase. Long-term outcomes after surgery were satisfactory according to the evaluation criteria for the Japanese Orthopedic Association scores. However, the ranges of motion of the cervical spine decreased, especially the ranges of motion on flexion after surgery showed a significant decrease.Expansive laminoplasty is helpful for older adolescent patients with cervical myelopathy due to both disc herniation and developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis, presenting with progressive neurological deficit after long conservative treatment.     

Occipitocervicothoracic fixation using a hook and rod system for patients with rheumatoid cervical spine

Abstract

We retrospectively examined the outcomes of occipitocervicothoracic fixation using a hook and rod system for rheumatoid patients with cervical myelopathy in which decompression of the spinal cord and spinal fusion were performed simultaneously at multiple levels. There were 10 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ages 51–77 years, average 62.8 years; follow-up period 6 months to 3 years and 9 months, average 2 years and 8 months). Atlantoaxial subluxation was found in 5 patients, vertical subluxation in 4 patients, and subaxial subluxation in 8 patients. The progression of the disorder was assessed as class 4 stage 4 in 3 patients and class 3 stage 4 in 7 patients. The average time taken for surgery was 4?h 41?min, and the average volume of blood loss was 729?ml. There were no complications during surgery. One patient died of malignant lymphoma 1 month after surgery, and one patient died of heart failure 2 years and 3 months after surgery. The average Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score improved from 7.0 preoperatively to 9.5 postoperatively. Preoperative nuchal pain in 3 patients and difficulty in breathing on flexion of the cervical spine in 2 patients were improved after surgery. Good bony union was obtained in 9 patients. The exception being one patient who died of a disease unrelated to the surgery 1 month postoperatively. Occipitocervicothoracic fixation using a hook and rod system is an easy and safe procedure, and can facilitate not only good bony union, but also adequate decompression of the spinal cord with simultaneous laminoplasty because of the secure long fixation extending to the upper thoracic level and bilateral grafting of a considerable volume of bone.     

Occipitocervicothoracic fixation using a hook and rod system for patients with rheumatoid cervical spine

We retrospectively examined the outcomes of occipitocervicothoracic fixation using a hook and rod system for rheumatoid patients with cervical myelopathy in which decompression of the spinal cord and spinal fusion were performed simultaneously at multiple levels. There were 10 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ages 51–77 years, average 62.8 years; follow-up period 6 months to 3 years and 9 months, average 2 years and 8 months). Atlantoaxial subluxation was found in 5 patients, vertical subluxation in 4 patients, and subaxial subluxation in 8 patients. The progression of the disorder was assessed as class 4 stage 4 in 3 patients and class 3 stage 4 in 7 patients. The average time taken for surgery was 4 h 41 min, and the average volume of blood loss was 729 ml. There were no complications during surgery. One patient died of malignant lymphoma 1 month after surgery, and one patient died of heart failure 2 years and 3 months after surgery. The average Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score improved from 7.0 preoperatively to 9.5 postoperatively. Preoperative nuchal pain in 3 patients and difficulty in breathing on flexion of the cervical spine in 2 patients were improved after surgery. Good bony union was obtained in 9 patients. The exception being one patient who died of a disease unrelated to the surgery 1 month postoperatively. Occipitocervicothoracic fixation using a hook and rod system is an easy and safe procedure, and can facilitate not only good bony union, but also adequate decompression of the spinal cord with simultaneous laminoplasty because of the secure long fixation extending to the upper thoracic level and bilateral grafting of a considerable volume of bone.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the study of cervical myelopathy in rheumatoid arthritis

Cervical myelopathy is found fairly often with rheumatoid arthritis. It is one of the worst complications of the disease and can lead to tetraplegia or even to sudden death. However, when we consider the high incidence of involvement of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis, the number of cases of cervical myelopathy, even of slight degree, is not very high. We have used magnetic resonance to identify the condition of the cervical structures, especially the nerve structures, in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with involvement of the cervical articulations but without neurological symptoms. We found anterior compression of the spinal cord caused by the odontoid process of the epistropheus in 13 cases. One case had lateral deviation of the spinal cord and another had compression of a vertebral artery. In another the lumen of the nasopharynx was decreased and one had posterior compression of the spinal cord by the posterior arch of the atlas. Magnetic resonance also makes it possible to detect a rheumatoid pannus on the affected articulations. We conclude that magnetic resonance is at present a useful instrument for evaluation of the presence of cervical myelopathy in rheumatoid arthritis patients, to prevent more serious complications.     

MRI morphometric characterisation of the paediatric cervical spine and spinal cord in children with MPS IVA (Morquio-Brailsford syndrome)

Nearly all children with MPS IVA develop skeletal deformities affecting the spine. At the atlanto-axial spine, odontoid hypoplasia occurs. GAG deposition around the dens, leads to peri-odontoid infiltration. Transverse/alar ligament incompetence causes instability. Atlanto-axial instability is associated with cord compression and myelopathy, leading to major morbidity and mortality. Intervention is often required. Does the presence of widened bullet shaped vertebra in platyspondily encroach on the spinal canal and cause spinal stenosis in MPS IVA? So far, there have been no standardised morphometric measurements of the paediatric MPS IVA cervical spine to evaluate whether there is pre-existing spinal stenosis predisposing to compressive myelopathy or whether this is purely an acquired process secondary to instability and compression. This study provides the first radiological quantitative analysis of the cervical spine and spinal cord in a series of affected children. MRI morphometry indicates that the MPS IVA spine is narrower at C1–2 level giving an inverted funnel shape. There is no evidence of a reduction in the Torg ratio (canal-body ratio) in the cervical spine. The spinal canal does not exceed 11 mm at any level, significantly smaller than normal historical cohorts (14 mm). The sagittal diameter and axial surface area of both spinal canal and cord are reduced. C1–2 level cord compression was evident in the canal-cord ratio but the Torg ratio was not predictive of cord compression. In MPS IVA the reduction in the space available for the cord (SAC) is multifactorial rather than due to congenital spinal stenosis.     

Cortical anatomy plasticity in cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with decompression surgery: A strobe-compliant study of structural magnetic resonance imaging

Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we studied cortical gray matter volume changes in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) before and after cervical cord surgical decompression. We then discussed the structural damage mechanisms and the neural plasticity mechanisms involved in postsurgical CSM.Forty-five presurgical CSM patients, 41 of the same group followed-up 6 months after decompression surgery and 45 normal controls (NC) matched for age, sex and level of education underwent high-resolution 3-dimensional T1-weighted scans by 3.0 T MR. Then, VBM measurements were compared and cortical gray matter volume alterations were assessed among pre- or postsurgical CSM patients and NC, as well as correlations with clinical indexes by Pearson correlation.Compared with NC, presurgical CSM patients showed reduced gray matter volume in the left caudate nucleus and the right thalamus. After 6 months, postsurgical CSM patients had lower gray matter volume in the bilateral cerebellar posterior lobes but had higher gray matter volume in the brain-stem than did presurgical CSM patients. Postsurgical CSM patients had significantly lower gray matter volume in the left caudate nucleus but greater regional gray matter volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus, the right middle orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the bilateral lingual gyrus / precuneus /posterior cingulate cortex than did NC. Abnormal areas gray volume in presurgical CSM and postsurgical CSM patients showed no significant correlation with clinical data (P > .05).Myelopathy in the cervical cord may cause chronic cerebral structural damage before and after the decompression stage, markedly in outlier brain regions involving motor execution/control, vision processing and the default mode network and in areas associated with brain compensatory plasticity to reverse downstream spinal cord compression and respond to spinal cord surgical decompression.     

Symptomatic noncompressive motoromyelopathy presents as early manifestation in ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune spondyloarthropathy involving principally the sacroiliac joint and axial skeleton. Spinal cord involvement is an infrequent and late complication. It mostly results from compressive myelopathy due to skeletal osteopathy and usually presents with radiculomyelopathic sensory and motor deficits. To report three patients who suffered a progressive paraparesis/tetraparesis compatible with motor myelopathy without typical skeletal symptom. Myelopathy of unknown origin was initially interpreted in these patients. Radiography did not show typical change at sacroiliac joint or vertebrate. Spinal magnetic resonance image revealed cord atrophy at cervical and thoracic segment. A positivity of B27 antigen was found afterward. Their spondyloarthropathic symptoms developed within six months later with radiographic sacroiliitis. Seropositive AS with noncompressive myelopathy was finally established. Patients showed a reverse of motor impairment when their pain was well undercontrolled. Motor myelopathy may be neglected or underestimated in AS, in especially when typical skeletal symptom is absent or minimal. It may progress surreptitiously to harm spinal function or superimpose to crippling disability in compressive spinal cord injury. Therefore, a careful evaluation and monitor of spinal cord function is important for AS patient despite spinal deformity is not observed.