腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌患者的疗效及对胃肠功能的影响

目的研究腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌患者的疗效及对胃肠功能的影响。方法将2012年5月至2014年5月在该院接受直肠癌根治手术的80例结直肠癌患者纳入研究,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者接受腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术、对照组患者接受开腹手术。比较两组患者的手术情况以及术后胃肠功能恢复情况。结果观察组患者的手术时间短于对照组〔(114.52±18.42)vs(187.69±25.85)min〕,术中出血量少于对照组〔(48.85±6.83)vs(97.34±11.38)ml〕,切除标本长度、淋巴结清扫数目与对照组无差异。观察组患者的术后腹胀持续时间和肛门排气时间短于对照组〔(3.24±0.56)vs(4.95±0.68)d,(2.94±0.44)vs(4.11±0.59)d〕,胃动素和胃泌素的含量高于对照组〔(78.2±10.5)vs(57.5±7.9)pg/ml,(238.3±42.1)vs(158.7±25.2)pg/ml〕。胃动素和胃泌素水平与腹胀持续时间、肛门排气时间呈负相关。结论相比开腹手术,腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术有助于减小手术创伤、促进术后胃肠功能的恢复,这一作用可能是通过提高胃动素、胃泌素含量来发挥的。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌患者的疗效观察及对胃肠功能的影响研究

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌患者的临床疗效以及对胃肠功能的影响。方法选取62例结直肠癌患者为研究对象,采取数字表法随机分为腹腔镜直肠癌根治术组及开腹结直肠癌根治术组各31例。结果腹腔镜组手术时间与开腹手术时间比较差异无显著性;出血量(84.77±12.06)mL、住院时间(10.20±1.40)d、并发症发生率(22.58%)、肠鸣音恢复时间(2.76±0.05)d、排气时间(2.51±1.03)d、进食时间(53.20±20.04)h等均明显低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌,术中出血量少、手术时间短、住院时间短、并发症低,且对胃肠功能造成的影响小。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对老年结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响

目的 探究腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对老年结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响.方法 老年结直肠癌患者68例,按照临床治疗方案的不同将其分为研究组与对照组各34例.对照组采用常规性开腹手术,研究组则采用腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术,以此观察两组胃肠功能情况、各手术指标、炎性指标、并发症情况.结果 术后研究组胃泌素及胃动素含量明显高...     

腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效观察

腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术是安全可行的,具有切口小、术后疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,但其疗效仍然有争议[1].为此本文对腹腔镜结直肠癌手术、开腹手术进行比较,探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的临床效果.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性及安全性临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的可行性、安全性以及肿瘤的根治性.方法 回顾性分析48例腹腔镜结直肠癌手术病例和同期有可比性的131例传统开腹结直肠癌手术病例的临床资料.结果 腹腔镜组较传统开腹手术组的切口长度[ (5.54 ±1.65)cm比(14.42 ±2.49) cm]、肛门首次排气时间[(2.21±1.42)d比(3.94±1.50)d]、人均肠道干预次数[(0.3±0.7)比(1.7±2.1)]、首次进食时间[(3.08±1.64)d比(4.47±1.69)d]、人均镇痛次数[(0.50±1.0)比(0.90±1.2)]、尿管留置时间[(3.46±1.97)d比(5.06±2.81)d]等指标明显减少,差异均具有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);并发症发生率、术后住院时间、住院总时间,腹腔镜组均小于开腹组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).腹腔镜组平均手术时间明显长于传统手术组[( 217.38±68.35) min比(131.40±54.33)min],具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术中出血量,术中及术后输血量,手术切除肿块最大直径,结肠标本肿块距近切缘、远切缘的长度,直肠标本肿块距近切缘、远切缘长度,清扫淋巴结数目及阳性数目,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌手术是一项安全、可行的技术,且可以达到与传统开腹结直肠癌手术同样的短期根治效果.     

腹腔镜手术在中老年结直肠癌患者治疗中的运用效果及应激反应

目的探讨腹腔镜手术在中老年结直肠癌患者治疗中的运用效果及应激反应。方法中老年结直肠癌患者68例随机分为对照组和观察组,其中,对照组采用开腹手术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜手术治疗,观察两组临床治疗效果。同时,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间,对比两组手术中出现的应激反应。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后进食时间及应激反应差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中老年结直肠癌患者采用腹腔镜手术治疗取得了良好效果,减少了患者术后并发症情况,同时,患者出现的应激反应情况比较少,有助于恢复。     

腹腔镜手术治疗中晚期结直肠癌对比开腹手术的临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗中晚期结直肠癌的可行性、安全性及治疗优势.方法 采用与同期开腹手术相比较的方法,将行中晚期结直肠癌切除的患者分为腹腔镜组(57例)和开腹组(56例),比较两组围手术期情况、不能够切除肝转移癌灶的处理情况及标本的临床病理结果,评价各组的肿瘤根治性、手术安全性、术后恢复情况及随访结果.结果 腹腔镜组术中出血量、术后离床时间、肛门排气时间、术后住院日数及术后并发症均明显减少(P＜0.05);术后应用吗啡镇痛的剂量明显减少(P＜0.01);腹腔镜下能够完成传统开腹手术肝转移癌灶的不同处理(P＞0.05);肿瘤根治性相关临床病理学结果提示两组病例完全可以达到相同的根治程度(P＞0.05);两组在局部复发和病死率方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜行中晚期结直肠癌切除术创伤小,术后恢复快,根治性确切,具有可行性、安全性及微创优势,急诊手术亦是可行的.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌患者的疗效及对胃肠功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗老年结直肠癌患者的临床疗效及对胃肠功能的影响。方法选择101例老年结直肠癌患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组51例与对照组50例,观察组实施腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,对照组实施传统开腹手术,观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,胃动素与胃泌素水平、胃肠功能恢复情况以及并发症。结果观察组手术时间明显长于对照组,术中出血量及住院时间均明显短于对照组;胃动素、胃泌素水平明显高于对照组;肠鸣音恢复时间、术后排气时间及开始进食时间明显低于对照组;术后并发症明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术可明显减少术中出血量、降低术后并发症,促进胃肠功能恢复,缩短住院时间。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除即刻中转开腹手术的临床分析

目的 分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中转开腹手术的原因.方法 回顾性分析2006-02～2010-02采用腹腔镜行结直肠癌根治手术的108例患者的资料,分析中转开腹手术15例的原因.结果 因腹腔内出血中转5例,肿瘤较低位1例,肿瘤较大2例,腹内脏器损伤2例,腹腔严重粘连3例,肥胖1例,吻合口渗漏1例.结论 腹腔镜行结直肠癌根治术具有一定的中转开腹手术率,腹腔脏器损伤和腔内出血是中转开腹的主要原因.     

老年结直肠癌患者开放性与腹腔镜手术近期疗效及术后并发症对比

目的对比开放性与腹腔镜手术的老年结直肠癌患者近期疗效及术后并发症。方法老年结直肠癌患者90例根据手术方式分为开放性手术组(开放组)44例和腹腔镜手术组(腹腔镜组)46例,对比两组临床疗效,免疫及应激,并发症。结果与开放组相比,腹腔镜组术中出血量明显减少,手术时间、肛门排气时间、术后卧床时间、住院时间均明显缩短(P<0.05);腹腔镜组治疗后的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均显著提高,而CD8+、一氧化氮(NO)、活性氧(ROS)强度则均显著降低(P<0.05);腹腔镜组吻合口漏,肺部感染,会阴部疝,肠梗阻等并发症总发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗老年结直肠癌较开放性手术近期疗效好,免疫应激小,术后并发症少,应用安全性高。     

Current status of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer]

Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer was first adopted 16 years ago. There are various limitations in performing laparoscopic surgery including the technical complexity and question of positive impact on the long-term oncologic outcome. The purpose of this review is to outline the important issues surrounding the laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer based on the most recently published articles. The laparoscopic approach provides the advantages of an illuminated and magnified view, which may be superior to open surgery. There was no significant difference on the oncologic clearance, especially its proportion of positive radial margins to the number of harvested lymph nodes. In addition, laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer was associated with earlier recovery of bowel function, need for fewer analgesics, and with a shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery. Long-term oncologic outcome does not appear to be impaired by laparoscopic resection and local recurrence and disease specific survival has been reported to be similar for both laparoscopic and open surgery for colorectal cancer. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is feasible and safe when performed by experienced surgeons. The oncologic results of many ongoing prospective randomized controlled trials are eagerly awaited.     

Current status of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer

GOALS: To define the current role of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer. BACKGROUND: Perhaps in no other field has so much controversy been generated by laparoscopy as in its application to curative resection of cancer of the colon and rectum. The main controversy centers around the oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic resections. The 3 major issues are: the adequacy of oncologic resection, recurrence rates and patterns, and the long-term survival. STUDY: A review of published data by search of Medline database with focus on clinical studies. RESULTS: Laparoscopic colectomy is feasible and safe. Modest benefits in the quality of life are observed. Same oncologic resection can be performed laparoscopically with no adverse influence on the recurrence rates. In particular, wound recurrences are not a specific complication of laparoscopic technique. At least equivalent survival is obtained by laparoscopic colectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy does not seem to adversely affect chance of cure of colorectal cancer.     

Current status of laparoscopic therapy of colorectal cancer

Laparoscopic colorectal resections offer several benefits postoperatively, including minimal impairment of gastrointestinal and pulmonary function, less immunosuppression, shorter hospital stay and improved reconvalescence. Since the introduction of laparoscopic surgery for the therapy of curable colorectal cancer, some concern was voiced in terms of oncologic radicality, the issue of port-site metastases and tumor cell distribution. However, the clinical reality has demonstrated that oncologic radicality is equivalent to open surgery, and the incidence of port-site metastases is not increased when compared to wound recurrence at the laparotomy site. Focusing on colon and rectum, various indications of laparoscopic-endoscopic 'rendezvous' procedures exist including laparoscopic-assisted endoscopic transluminal resection, endoscopic-assisted wedge or anatomical resections, and, finally, intraoperative tumor location by colonoscopy to achieve oncologic resection margins in laparoscopic curative resections. In terms of colorectal curative resections, long-term results provide level I evidence that laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer is oncologically adequate and can be performed with equivalent morbidity and mortality rates when compared to conventional surgery. In terms of rectal cancer, no level I evidence is available. However, short-term data from experienced centers do not report inferior oncologic outcome particularly related to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision.     

Current evidence supporting indications for laparoscopic surgery in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer has been widely adopted in clinical practice. In this review, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer are analyzed and the current evidence is summarized to examine the validity of this approach. METHODOLOGY: We retrieved studies performed via a MEDLINE search to identify prospective RCTs on laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer after January 2000. Eligible RCTs were analyzed using the following items: publication year; geographical area and country; study theme; and sample size. RESULTS: Forty RCTs were analyzed. Most RCTs were carried out in Europe and Asia. Laparoscopic surgery was shown to be, at least as effective as open surgery both in short-term and long-term outcomes and was demonstrated to be a minimally invasive surgery with less effect on homeostasis. Although bladder dysfunction was not, sexual dysfunction was more frequently found in the laparoscopic group in patients with either bulky or low rectal cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Recent RCTs would validate the application of laparoscopic or laparoscopy-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer not only in patients with early colorectal cancer but also in advanced colorectal cancer.     

腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术术前定位方法的应用现状

腹腔镜微创手术是目前治疗结直肠肿瘤最常见的手术方式,由于其较好的短期疗效,越来越受到中青年医师的青睐.但腹腔镜手术缺乏传统开放手术的直接触感,往往不能对较小的肿瘤精确定位,进而导致手术难度增加,手术时间延长等不良后果,因此术前准确定位是选择腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术的前提条件.本文就临床常用的肠道肿瘤定位方法结合相关文献及本...     

Gasless hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer

Gasless hand-assisted surgery, an alternative technique for colorectal cancer, is described. The abdomen is lifted by two metal disks especially designed for this procedure. The gasless condition evokes no hazard from pneumoperitoneum, and the procedure is greatly simplified by the hand assistance.     

Early results of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the early experience of the embers of the COST Study Group with colorectal cancer treated by laparoscopic approaches. METHOD: A retrospective review was performed of all patients with colorectal cancer treated with laparoscopy by the COST Study Group before August 1994. Tumor site, stage, differentiation, procedure completion, presence of recurrence (local, distant, trocar site), and cause of death were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 372 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were treated by laparoscopic approach between October 1991 and August 1994 (170 men and 192 women): right colectomy, 170; sigmoid colectomy, 55; low anterior resection, 56; abdominoperineal resection, 44; left colectomy, 22; colostomy, 8; total colectomy, 6; transverse colectomy, 7; exploration, 2. Conversion to an open procedure was required in 15.6 percent of cases. Operative mortality was 2 percent. Tumor characteristics were as follows: TNM state: I, 40 percent; II, 25 percent; III, 18 percent; IV, 17 percent; Differentiation: well-moderate, 88 percent; poor, 12 percent; carcinomatosis, 5 percent. Local (3.6 percent) and distant implantation occurred in four patients (1.1 percent). Only one of these patients died a cancer-related death (Stage III at 36 months). Cancer-related death rates increased with increasing stage of tumor: I, ?4 percent; II, 17 percent; III, 31 percent; IV, 70 percent. CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach to colorectal cancer results in early outcome after treatment that is comparable with conventional therapy for colorectal cancer. A randomized trial is needed to compare long-term outcomes of open and laparoscopic approaches with colorectal cancer.     

三孔法腹腔镜结直肠癌NOSES术

目的探讨三孔法腹腔镜结直肠癌经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）的临床可行性。 方法回顾分析中山大学附属第一医院本医疗组2021年10月至2021年12月采用单人三孔腹腔镜乙状结肠癌或高位直肠癌根治术（NOSES术）的8例患者临床资料,分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术中淋巴结清扫数量、术后并发症、住院时间等情况。 结果8例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间（170.3±38.6）分钟,平均术中出血量（43.8±11.9）mL,平均术后排气时间（42.0±24.9）小时,平均淋巴结清扫数量（13.6±9.5）颗,平均住院时间（13.4±3.9）天,术后无并发症发生。 结论由1名外科医生和1名扶镜手实施的三孔腹腔镜手术似乎是治疗结直肠癌患者的一种可行且安全的手术选择,能达到相同的根治效果,并发症并未增多。     

胃癌新辅助化学治疗的应用现状和展望

胃癌是消化道常见恶性肿瘤,尽管近40年来全球胃癌发病率呈下降趋势,但其仍位列常见癌症死亡率第2位。2006年,全球预计新增胃癌病例93万例,其中死亡70万例[1,2]。在我国,胃癌人口调整死亡率男性(40.8/10万)和女性(18.6/10万)分别是欧美发达国家的4.2～7.9倍和3.8～8.0倍[3]。上海地区胃癌男、女年发病率分别为52.24/10万和29.26/10万,分居恶性肿瘤发病的第2和第3位[4]。     

腹腔镜外科治疗早期胃癌的现状

胃癌是一个重要的世界性卫生问题,更是我国最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤。外科手术是胃癌治疗的基本方法和主要手段。自1881年Billroth实施了第1例胃癌手术以来,胃癌的手术范围从小到大,再缩小,再扩大,逐渐走向合理。现代胃癌外科的治疗概念也正从一味扩大廓清的范围,逐渐过渡到安全