运动对小鼠睾丸超氧化物歧化酶的影响

目的探讨运动对小鼠睾丸超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响。方法让随机分组的小鼠每日进行不同时长（0min、10min、30min、60min、90min）的游泳运动训练,训练20周后处死。用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定睾丸组织SOD浓度,RT-PCR测定SOD基因表达水平,从两个层面探讨运动对睾丸SOD水平的影响。结果 30min运动训练组和60min运动训练组睾丸组织SOD浓度相对较高,10min运动训练组和90min运动训练组睾丸组织SOD浓度相对较低（P〈0.05）;而随着运动强度的增加,SOD基因的mRNA含量逐渐增加。结论适当运动能增加小鼠SOD基因的表达水平,提高睾丸SOD浓度,而过度运动造成睾丸SOD浓度降低。     

表皮生长因子及其受体对雄性生殖系统的影响

表皮生长因子 (ＥＧＦ)是由 5 3个氨基酸组成的多肽单链 ,分子量为 60 45 ,它是一种促细胞分裂剂 ,能引起多种细胞分裂。细胞学和生物化学研究表明ＥＧＦ能加速核酸和蛋白质的合成 ,从而促进多种细胞分裂增殖 ,并影响细胞的分化。ＥＧＦ的生物学效应是通过与其受体 (ＥＣＦ Ｒ)结合发挥作用的。ＥＧＦ Ｒ是一个由 1 1 86个氨基酸组成的分子量为 1 70 0 0 0的跨膜糖蛋白 ,由结合区域 (位于胞膜外 )、跨膜区域和依赖ＥＧＦ的蛋白激酶 (ＰＫ)结构区域构成。后者位于胞内 ,具有酪氨酸激酶 (ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｋｉｎａｓｅ)活性。ＥＧＦ与ＥＧＦ …     

端粒与端粒酶:运动延缓衰老的端粒机制

背景:端粒是人体细胞染色体末端的特殊结构,与衰老有非常密切的关系;科学运动可以提高端粒酶活性,保护端粒结构,从而影响人体的身体健康;端粒变短,机体疾病发病率增加,存活率降低,因此,端粒常被认为是细胞衰老的生物学标志物,是触发衰老的“生物钟”。目的:基于端粒系统和衰老的关系,总结分析运动对端粒、端粒酶的影响,探讨运动延缓衰老的端粒理论机制,为运动抗衰老、运动健康促进提供理论依据和参考。方法:以“端粒,端粒酶,运动,衰老”为中文检索词,以“telomeres,telomerase,exercise,senescence”为英文检索词;查阅中国知网、Pub Med、Web of science数据库,初步筛选运动调控端粒延缓衰老的相关文献,在全文阅读后共纳入89篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:不同运动对端粒的影响具有差异性;运动与端粒长度存在正相关、无相关和倒U型关系,与端粒酶活性存在年龄偏移性;适宜运动可以减缓端粒缩短的速度,防止端粒过度消耗,延缓或预防与年龄相关的疾病发生,延长寿命,但其机制一直未阐明。     

衰老的分子机制

衰老是人类生命过程中的必然规律,但并不意味着人类在自身衰老方面无所作为,长期以来,人类都梦想着延缓衰老,延长寿命,近年来在细胞生物学和分子生物学迅速发展的推动下,衰老机理研究已取得重大进展,抗衰老研究已成为生命科学和医学领域的前沿课题,本文对近年来在衰老领域的最新进展作一综述。     

TCDD的生殖毒性作用对生殖系统的影响

环境类激素污染物中的二英的代表物质TCDD的毒性作用已成为人类健康研究的热点。本文就TCCD的生殖毒性表现 ,内分泌干扰作用及其可能作用机制的研究进展作一综述     

细辛对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠睾丸的形态学研究

本文研究了细辛对D－半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗衰老作用，应用光镜电镜技术测定小鼠睾丸的重量、生精小管直径、生精上皮细胞数、随龄变化的间质细胞数，同时观察了细辛对上述指标的影响。结果 1．随增龄、睾丸重量减轻，生精小管直径缩小。衰老时租精细胞缺如，仅有支持细胞或散在分布，间质细胞随龄递减。2．细辛可以使小鼠的曲细精管增粗，生精过程活跃，生精细胞增多，间质细胞增多。结论 细辛有一定抗衰老作用。     

MRI检查对生殖系统先天畸形的诊断价值

目的分析总结生殖系统先天畸形患者的MRI表现,探讨MRI在诊断两性畸形方面的价值.方法 10例生殖系统先天畸形患者,其中3例社会性别为男性,7例为女性.临床表现为外生殖器异常,B超探及或摸到单侧或双侧腹股沟区肿块.均接受1.5T高场MRI检查.结果 10例患者均出现不同的MRI表现,生殖腺、内外生殖器出现不同的异常MRI表现.结论 MRI在诊断生殖系统先天畸形中有其重要的诊断价值.     

衰老对固有免疫细胞的影响

衰老是生物体随着时间的推移机体发生变化的累积过程,它对机体的许多系统都有功能上的影响,包括免疫系统.在过去的几十年里,以动物为模型研究衰老与固有免疫间的关系已十分普遍,但衰老对人固有免疫方面的研究却比较少.衰老影响人固有免疫细胞亚群(单核吞噬细胞,中性粒细胞,树突状细胞,自然杀伤细胞)的功能及数量,同样影响老年人抗感染...     

D-半乳糖衰老大鼠性腺轴系超微结构的变化

目的:观察D-半乳糖衰老大鼠性腺轴系超微结构的变化。方法:D-半乳糖连续腹腔注射制作亚急性衰老的大鼠模型,应用透射电镜观察模型大鼠下丘脑弓状核、垂体及睾丸超微结构的变化。结果:D-半乳糖衰老大鼠弓状核出现线粒体嵴断裂、粗面内质网脱颗粒、高尔基复合体扩张等变化;垂体促性腺激素细胞出现线粒体嵴断裂、粗面内质网扩张、高尔基复合体扩张等变化,并观察到脱粒细胞;睾丸支持细胞内溶酶体增多,内质网增生、扩张,线粒体嵴断裂,精原细胞可见胞质内出现许多空泡,并观察到了凋亡小体。结论:D-半乳糖衰老大鼠性腺轴系的超微结构发生了明显改变,揭示了D-半乳糖衰老过程中下丘脑垂体性腺轴的重要作用。     

Fertility in aging men

A wide variety of disorders, medications, physical factors, and trauma can alter testicular function and reproductive function in men as they age. There are no precise age limits for 'aging men', but most studies consider 50-80-yr-old subjects. Assuming we have healthy individuals, there are still changes that occur with aging. There is progressive testicular failure as evidenced by gradually increasing levels of both gonadotropins with aging. Although basal levels of male hormone remain reasonably normal in healthy older men, the ability of the Leydig cells to respond to acute stimulation with LH is reduced. There are changes in the penis, prostate, and seminal vesicle which occur with aging. Potency tends to be reduced with age. Sperm production per testis falls off with aging. The amount of capsular tissue increases in the testis with advancing years. There is very limited data about men in extreme old age (80 yr and older). Of older men who produce spermatozoa in their ejaculates, sperm motility, a manifestation of viability and fertilizing capacity, tends to be reduced. The ability of men to impregnate their wives gradually reduces from age 25 onward. Using the zona pellucida-free hamster egg, penetration by spermatozoa from aged healthy men appears to be as good as that from younger fathers. This test cannot guarantee equal fertility, but it is the best test available and correlated reasonably well with fertility. Thus, if an older man can get an erection, can ejaculate, and can produce an ejaculate with a reasonable number of motile sperm, the likelihood is that he is fertile.     

年龄对健康人红细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响

本文用流槽系统，定量地研究年龄对健康人红细胞与培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞粘附的影响。在本研究所选用的两个年龄阶段，其结果显示：①红细胞自身特性的改变对粘附的数目没有明显的影响，但随着年龄的增加粘附的强度增大；②在自体血浆存在时，随着年龄的增加红细胞与内皮细胞的粘附增强。这可能与心脑血管病如心肌梗塞、脑血栓形成等多发生在４０岁以上的中老年人有关。     

补肾益气化瘀方对衰老大鼠海马神经元的影响

目的观察补肾益气化瘀方对衰老大鼠海马神经元结构的影响，并探讨其作用机制。方法选用青年Wistar大鼠36只，随机分成三组：空白对照组、模型对照组、药物组。使用D-半乳糖腹腔注射建立亚急性衰老大鼠模型。模型建立后，药物组每天用补肾益气化瘀方提取液灌胃，空白对照组、模型对照组用生理盐水灌胃，连续四周。然后用光学显微镜观察海马神经元结构，用紫外分光光度计检测大鼠海马超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果空白对照组：海马轮廓清晰，CA3区神经元细胞密集，胞浆丰富，核大深染，细胞间排列整齐，界限清楚；模型对照组：海马轮廓模糊，神经元细胞明显减少，细胞间排列松散，界限不清；药物组：海马轮廓清晰，神经元细胞明显多于模型对照组，神经元胞浆较丰富，核大深染，细胞间排列较整齐，界限清楚。模型对照组海马MDA含量增加，SOD活性减少；与模型对照组比较，药物组海马超氧化物歧化酶（MDA）含量减少，SOD活性增加（P〈0、01）。结论补肾益气化瘀方对衰老大鼠海马神经元具有保护和修复作用，其机理可能与抗自由基损伤有关。     

大量食用普通豆腐对衰老模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的研究大量食用普通豆腐对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法将30只健康小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组和豆腐大、中、小剂量组,每组各6只。给予小鼠颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老模型。普通豆腐各剂量组通过喂食给予相应剂量的豆腐。5周后利用Morris水迷宫仪观察小鼠空间学习记忆能力,并通过HE染色法观察各组海马组织形态结构变化。结果模型组与空白对照组相比学习记忆能力明显下降（P〈0.05）;与模型组相比,普通豆腐大剂量组小鼠穿越站台的次数明显增加（P〈0.05）,而中小剂量组穿越站台的次数无明显变化。结论大剂量食用普通豆腐对D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠的记忆功能具有一定的改善作用。     

The Effects of Aging on the Eruptive Behavior of the Mandibular Incisor in Male Rats

Several studies have highlighted the lack of age changes in the extracellular matrix of the periodontal ligament, but more needs to be known about cellular and functional changes (including the effects upon eruption). For this study, impeded and unimpeded eruption rates were measured over a 2-week period for the mandibular incisors of a group of 24-month-old rats. The technique used for measuring eruption was similar to that described by Bryer [15]. Both impeded and unimpeded eruption rates were found to be significantly increased ( p < .01) compared with those obtained from a group of rats aged 8 weeks. These changes might be related to changes in the mechanism(s) responsible for the generation of the eruptive force(s) or to changes in the resistance of the tissues to such forces.     

Autonomic Nervous System Function and Aging: Response Specificity

Age differences in autonomic nervous system response patterns were investigated to determine if there was an age-related increase in the tendency to respond to multiple stimuli with a consistent response hierarchy (individual consistency). Five stimuli were administered in a Latin Square design—mental arithmetic, cold pressor, isometric exercise, comic slide, and time estimation. A warning tone was presented before each stimulus. Physiological measures included heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, skin potential, breathing rate, and digital blood flow. To compare responses in different systems, responses were standardized according to the formula, Z = [50 + 10 (X ? M)]/σ, where Z is the standardized score, X is the difference between stimulation and warning levels, M is the average response for that system, and σ is the square root of the mean square for error from the analysis of variance computed for each response system. A matrix was generated for each subject which included his Z scores from the six response systems for the five stimuli. Intraclass correlations were then computed. Individual consistency significantly increased with increasing age (r= .33, p<.005).     

衰老与DNA甲基化

衰老是一个动态过程，是细胞基因组改变的结果，是可以延缓的。DNA甲基化能稳定基因组，它在细胞的衰老过程中总体水平下降，但同时又伴随着某些基因的高甲基化。其与衰老的具体关系正是目前研究的热点。     

Pattern of expression of immune-relevant genes in the gonad of a teleost, the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Immune responses in the testis are regulated in a way that provides protection for the developing male germ cells, while permitting qualitatively normal inflammatory responses and protection against infection. In addition, germ cells are potent targets for the growth factors and cytokines which regulate the reproductive process. Our study analyzes for the first time the pattern of expression of several immune-relevant genes in the gonad of a seasonal breeding teleost fish. The immune molecules analyzed include (i) inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-1b (il1b), il6, tumor necrosis factor-a (tnfa), cyclooxygenase-2 (cox2) and the NADPH oxidase subunit p40^phox (ncf4 gene); (ii) the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-b1 (tgfb1) and its type 2 receptor tgfbr2; (iii) innate immune receptors, including toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9), tlr5, tlr22 and macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor (mcsfr); (iv) lymphocyte receptors, such as the β subunit of T-cell receptor (Tcrb) and the heavy chain of immunoglobulin M (ighm); (v) the anti-bacterial molecules lysozyme (lyz), hepcidin (hamp) and complement component 3 (c3); (vi) the anti-viral molecule myxovirus (influenza) resistance protein (mx); and (vii) molecules related to leukocyte infiltration, including the CC chemokine ccl4, the CXC chemokine il8 and the leukocyte adhesion molecule E-selectin (Sele). Notably, all of them show a pattern of expression that depends on the reproductive stage of the first two reproductive cycles when the fish develop and function as males. Furthermore, we demonstrate that some of these immune-relevant molecules, such as Il1b and Mcsfr, are produced by germ cells (Il1b) and ovarian and testicular somatic cells (Mcsfr). These data suggest that, as occurs in mammals, there is a critical balance between immune molecules and that these may play an essential role in the orchestration of gametogenesis and the maintenance of gonad tissue homeostasis in fish.     

2012年~2016年三亚市生殖器疱疹流行病学分析

目的 了解三亚市2012年~2016年生殖器疱疹的流行病学特征,为调整现有防控措施提供科学依据。方法 通过疾病信息管理系统收集三亚市2012年~2016年各个医疗机构上报的生殖器疱疹病例资料并对其发病情况、性别分布、年龄分布及其地区分布等流行病学特征进行分析。结果 三亚市2012~2016年生殖器疱疹年均发病率为19.48/10万,年均减少率为12.91%,总体呈下降趋势。生殖器疱疹发病人数男女性别比为2.03∶1,2012年~2015年各年度病例性别之间对比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。生殖器疱疹的发病年龄主要集中在20~39岁,以天涯区生殖器疱疹病例报告数最多。结论 三亚市近年来生殖器疱疹发病率总体呈下降趋势,但仍处较高水平,应扩大筛查,加强宣教,将其发病率尽快降到较低水平。