核辐射对机体的影响

机体受到一定剂量核辐射后会出现多个器官结构和功能的改变。本综述了机体受到低剂量核辐射后出现的免疫细胞数量和功能变化，包括淋巴细胞总数和部分亚群数量、淋巴细胞转化率、血清免疫球蛋白含量以及单核细胞功能等变化。同时还综述了核辐射对内分泌及遗传的影响。     

RhIL-18对核辐射诱导小鼠脾细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的探讨重组人白细胞介素18(rhIL-18)对核辐射所致小鼠脾细胞凋亡的抑制作用及其对免疫功能的调节调节。方法对32只C57小鼠分4组进行核辐射损伤,2周后取小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外培养,用细胞死亡ELISA试剂盒测定胞浆中核小体含量,用DAN琼脂糖电泳检测凋亡细胞DNA片段,用淋巴细胞转化实验测定rhIL-18对脾细胞免疫功能的调节作用。结果与对照组比较,rhIL-18能够明显降低核辐射所致的小鼠脾细胞凋亡;提高核辐射损伤后小鼠的脾细胞细胞转化能力。结论rhIL-18可能通过抑制核辐射诱导的细胞凋亡而增强小鼠脾细胞功能。     

淋巴细胞对人原代甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究淋巴细胞对人原代甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞凋亡的影响及其临床意义。方法以不同浓度的淋巴细胞刺激单层培养的原代甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞,采用MTT、流式细胞术及荧光定量PCR法检测刺激前后甲状腺细胞的增殖抑制率及凋亡率。结果淋巴细胞可以剂量依赖性地抑制甲状腺细胞增殖,增加甲状腺细胞凋亡相关mRNA的表达,促进甲状腺细胞凋亡。结论淋巴细胞可抑制甲状腺细胞增殖,促进甲状腺细胞凋亡的发生。     

甜梦胶囊对慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎TGA、TMA的影响

目的：探讨甜梦胶囊对慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（CLTD）患者抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGA）及抗甲状腺微粒体抗体（TMA）的作用影响。方法：60例CLTD者随机分为观察治疗组（30例）及常规治疗组（30例）,两组伴甲亢或甲减者分别采用抗甲状腺药物或甲状腺素等常规治疗,观察治疗组在常规治疗基础上联合甜梦胶囊并用。以放射免疫分析患者治疗前后及30例正常人的血清TGA、TMA水平。结果：观察治疗组临床疗效显著高于常规治疗组（P〈0.05与P〈0.01）,治疗前后两种抗体下降水平也具有重要的统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：甜梦胶囊对CLTD疗效肯定,TGA、TMA浓度降低可能是其提高机体免疫力的药理作用机制之一。     

云芝多糖对小鼠细胞因子的影响

目的：研究云芝多糖（CVPS）对小鼠T、B淋巴细胞及细胞因子IL-1、IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF功能的影响。方法：体外试验将指数生长小鼠淋巴细胞与不同浓度的CVPS共培养，用MTT法观察CVPS对小鼠T、B淋巴细胞的增殖作用；用胸腺细胞增殖法观察CVPS对细胞因子IL-1活性的影响；用脾细胞增殖法观察CVPS对IL-2活性的影响；用中性红染色法观察CVPS对细胞因子TNF活性的影响；体内实验给药组小鼠每天分别腹腔注射CVPS100、50和25mg／kg，连续注射5天，取出小鼠脾脏观察CVPS对小鼠T、B淋巴细胞的增殖作用；用IL-2依赖细胞株CTLL-2法检测IL-2活性，用细胞病变抑制法检测IFN-γ活性。结果：CVPS在体外给药浓度为31．25—500μg/ml时，可明显促进小鼠T、B淋巴细胞的增殖，明显增强TNF吞噬中性红的能力，明显提高细胞因子IL-1的活性。CVPS给药组小鼠IL-2、IFN-γ的活力值明显高于空白对照组，且呈良好剂量依赖关系。结论：云芝多糖对小鼠T、B淋巴细胞及细胞因子IL-1、IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF功能均有增强作用。     

电离辐射对淋巴细胞影响的研究进展

电离辐射导致的免疫系统功能低下是日常生活和临床治疗中的棘手问题.随着辐射免疫学的飞速发展,电离辐射对免疫系统尤其是对淋巴系统的影响,越来越受到重视.本文综述了近年来有关淋巴细胞及其各功能亚群辐射效应的研究进展.     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者外周血淋巴细胞端粒长度的研究

目的：研究自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（ATD）患者外周血淋巴细胞端粒长度的变化。方法：用流式原位杂交法检测38例ATD患者和48例健康对照者外周血淋巴细胞的端粒长度。结果：患者组外周血淋巴细胞端粒长度明显短于健康对照组（P＜0．001）,端粒长度与病程、发病时间、甲状腺激素水平不相关。健康对照组端粒长度随年龄增加而变短,病人组端粒长度与年龄不相关。结论：ATD病人的外周血淋巴细胞端粒长度比正常人短,且与年龄不相关,提示其外周血淋巴细胞复制、分裂增多及凋亡异常。     

慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎所致甲状腺功能低下的回归

慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎所致甲状腺功能低下是甲状腺疾病中的常见病。由于此病发生在甲状腺逐渐破坏的自身免疫过程,可以引起甲状腺淋巴细胞浸润与纤维化,以及循环中甲状腺自身抗体浓度增高,因此,一般都认为,慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎所致的甲状腺功能低下,病人必须终身使用甲状腺素替代疗法。近年来,慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎所致甲状腺功能低下的病人,其甲状腺功能自然回复正常的病例已有报道。为了探讨慢性甲状腺炎所致甲状腺功能低下恢复的一些因素,我们对108例慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎所致甲状腺功能低下病人作了回顾性分析。现报道如下。     

瘦素对人类外周血T淋巴细胞增殖作用的影响

目的：探讨瘦素（Leptin）对人外周血T淋巴细胞增殖作用的影响.方法：分离并培养人外周血T淋巴细胞,采用[^3H]TdR掺入试验方法,观察不同浓度Leptin的单独作用及其与PHA的协同作用对人外周血T淋巴细胞增殖作用的影响.结果：不同浓度Leptin的单独作用对人类外周血T淋巴细胞均无刺激增殖作用,但可协同PHA的刺激增殖作用,并在一定浓度范围内呈现剂量依赖性.结论：瘦素可协同PHA刺激人类外周血T淋巴细胞增殖.     

Involvement of centrosomes in nuclear irregularity of thyroid carcinoma cells

Nuclear irregularities including nuclear pseudoinclusions and nuclear grooves are characteristic of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells and are regarded as important diagnostic clues in histopathology. We observed nuclear features of thyroid carcinoma cell lines (KTC-1 and TPC-1) in various culture conditions and performed immunocytochemical examinations for cytoskeleton molecules to clarify the morphogenesis of thyroid carcinoma nuclei. We found that nuclear irregularities presenting as bean-like nuclei (BLNs) and donut-like nuclei (DLNs) appeared in cells from confluent cultures, but not in cells from sparse cultures. On immunocytofluorescence analyses, clusters of γ-tubulin, representing a centrosome, frequently localized at the indentation of BLNs or in the hole of DLNs of thyroid carcinoma cells. In conclusion, we suggest that cell-to-cell contact may affect nuclear changes such as BLNs and DLNs in cancer cell lines and that centrosomes may be involved in the morphogenetic process of these nuclear changes.     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素对早孕妇女甲状腺机能的影响

本文应用放射免疫（ＲＩＡ）和免疫放射（ＩＲＭＡ）方法对２０例早孕妇女的人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）水平进行研究，以求阐明是否ｈＣＧ具有垂体促甲状腺激素（ＴＳＨ）样作用的可能性。结果显示，甲孕妇女四碘甲状腺原氨酸（Ｔ４）和游离甲状腺素（ＦＴ４）水平升高，ｈＣＧ浓度与Ｔ４、ＦＴ４亦成正相关关系，然其三碘甲状腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（ＦＴ３）水平却与正常对照组无明显差异。ｈＣＧ水平升高与Ｔ     

ClC-3氯通道过表达对小鼠甲状腺结构及功能的影响

目的:研究过表达Cl C-3基因对小鼠甲状腺结构及功能的影响。方法:以3月龄FVB小鼠为实验对象,研究野生型(WT)小鼠和Cl C-3转基因小鼠甲状腺结构及功能的差异。用q PCR、Westren blot和免疫荧光技术观察小鼠甲状腺Cl C-3的表达与分布;对小鼠日常活动进行行为学监测;ELISA检测小鼠血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)的浓度。结果:与WT组小鼠相比:Cl C-3转基因组小鼠甲状腺Cl C-3表达明显增多(P0.05);甲状腺表现为明显的增生,滤泡明显增大;体重减轻但摄食量增加(P0.05),毛发无光泽,行为活跃,易激惹;TT3、TT4明显增高(P0.05),但TSH变化不明显。结论:Cl C-3过表达可导致甲状腺组织增生,甲状腺激素分泌增多。本研究提示Cl C-3很可能参与了甲状腺激素的合成。     

脐血淋巴细胞低剂量辐射后抗K562细胞效应

目的观察脐血淋巴细胞低剂量辐射后体外抗K562细胞效应。方法脐血淋巴细胞经不同低剂量辐射，辐射后不同时间，不同的细胞浓度与3H-TdR标记的K562细胞混合培养，收获，测定每分钟放射性计数。用杀伤率和NK相对活性表示脐血淋巴细胞NK活性。用流式细胞仪测定其低剂量辐射后细胞表面免疫学标志变化。结果脐血淋巴细胞经2、5、10、20cGy辐射后NK活性明显增强，5cGy辐射后24*!h，NK活性增强最为明显。杀伤率和NK相对活性分别为38.3%和172.0%。当效靶比10∶1不变，效应细胞数达5×106后，增加效应细胞浓度并不能增加NK活性。经5cGy低剂量辐射后，CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD56表达增强。结论脐血淋巴细胞在低剂量辐射下，可增强其CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD56的表达。     

Effects of infrared radiation on skin photo-aging and pigmentation

Infrared radiation is increasingly and uncritically used for cosmetic and wellness purposes, despite the poorly understood biologic effects of such treatments on humans. In the present study, we investigated the effects of infrared radiation on collagen and elastin production in dermal fibroblasts, as well as the clinical and histopathologic effects of infrared radiation on photo-aged facial skin lesions. In order to determine the effects of infrared radiation on collagen and elastin production, dermal fibroblasts were exposed to infrared radiation for varying lengths of time and collagen and elastin contents were subsequently determined. Additionally, 20 patients with mild to moderate facial wrinkles and hyperpigmented lesions received daily treatments of far infrared radiation (900 to 1000 microm) for six-months. During the treatment, patients and a medical observer conducted independent photographic and clinical evaluations every 4 weeks, and skin biopsies were obtained for histological analysis at baseline and one month post-treatment. We found that the content of collagen and elastin produced by the fibroblasts increased after infrared radiation, and that this increase was proportional to the duration of irradiation exposure. Following 6 months of treatment, all patients reported good (51-75%) improvements in skin texture and roughness. Additionally, patients noted fair (25-50%) improvement in color tone of the skin; however, improvements in hyperpigmented lesions were not observed. Objective medical evaluation of the patients indicated that roughness and laxity were fairly improved, but there was no significant improvement in hyperpigmented lesions. Histological examination failed to reveal any differences as well. These results suggest that infrared radiation may have beneficial effects on skin texture and wrinkles by increasing collagen and elastin contents from the stimulated fibroblasts. Therefore, skin treatment with infrared radiation may be an effective and safe non-ablative remodeling method, and may also be useful in the treatment of photo-aged skin.     

环境内分泌干扰物双酚A对小鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

 目的：探讨环境内分泌干扰物双酚A（BPA）对小鼠甲状腺原代培养细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法：取雌性BALB/c nu/nu小鼠甲状腺组织,采用胶原酶I/中性蛋白酶联合消化并进行滤泡上皮细胞培养,Western blotting检测甲状腺球蛋白表达对细胞进行鉴定。采用不同浓度的BPA干预稳定培养48 h的小鼠甲状腺原代培养的滤泡上皮细胞,作用24 h后,光学显微镜观测干预前后细胞生长状态的变化,流式细胞术分析细胞增殖和凋亡,real-time PCR法和免疫细胞化学染色法测定干预前后肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体受体1（TRAIL-R1） mRNA和蛋白的表达变化。结果：原代培养的小鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞随BPA刺激浓度的增加,生长状态呈现先促进后抑制的趋势;0.01～0.1 μmol/L BPA作用24 h后,细胞增殖呈剂量依赖性增长,0.1 μmol/L BPA可显著刺激细胞增殖（P<0.05）,而1 μmol/L BPA刺激后则表现为细胞增殖水平显著下降（P<0.05）;0.1 μmol/L BPA刺激后凋亡指数减低（P<0.05）;0.1 μmol/L和1 μmol/L BPA刺激后TRAIL-R1 mRNA表达均显著下调（均P<0.05）,蛋白表达与mRNA表达结果趋势一致。结论：低、中浓度BPA可刺激原代培养的小鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞增殖并抑制细胞凋亡,而高浓度BPA对细胞主要表现为毒性损害作用。BPA对细胞凋亡的影响可能与TRAIL-R1相关途径有关。     

Role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the management of thyroid nodules: review of experience with 1,925 cases.

In this review article, the authors present their experience with the management of thyroid nodules using fine-needle aspiration cytology as the primary method of investigation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Some indices of resistance to hyperthermia in the course of acute radiation sickness

Three hours after irradiation in a dose of 800 rd rats were found to be less resistant to subsequent hyperthermia (45°C) than control animals. An increase in resistance to acute hyperthermia was found at the end of the 3rd day after irradiation. At the climax of radiation sickness (end of the 5th day) the time of onset of heat stroke and the duration of subsequent survival of the rats were indistinguishable from the corresponding values in the control. The dynamics of the response to hyperthermia correlated to some degree with the dynamics of thyroid and adrenal gland function in the irradiated animals.Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 8, pp. 162–164, August, 1977.     

Effects of Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin on C Cells of the Thyroid

The effects of long term administration of synthetic salmon calcitonin (TZ-CT) on thyroid C cells of rats were evaluated immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. Low dose (0.075, 0.75 and 7.5 IU/kg/day) administration caused no significant changes in the C cell population, whereas high doses (30 and 120 IU kg day) caused C cell suppression. The area ratio of C cells to total cells in the thyroid was measured on sections immunoperoxidase stained for calcitonin. The average C cell ratio was compared among the experimental groups. This mor-phometric analysis of the high-dose and control groups confirmed the differences in C cell populations statistically (30 IU/kg vs. control, pgO.05; 120 IU/kg vs. control, p ≦ 0.05). The suppressive effect of TZ CT on C cells was reversible after cessation of administration for one month. Electron microscopic examination on the C cells in the high dose groups revealed no particular ultrastructural differences. These results may suggest a negative feedback mechanism on C cells by exogenous CT. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 545-550, 1989.     

电离辐射对内皮细胞和淋巴细胞粘附特性的影响

从电离辐射对微血管内皮细胞和淋巴细胞粘附力影响的角度进一步探讨辐射致微循环损伤的机制。方法：采用细胞粘附观察记录装置，观察不同剂量电离辐射作用对培养的内皮细胞和外周血淋巴细胞粘附特性的影响。结果：不同剂量γ射线（60Co）辐射作用内皮细胞（10、15Gy）或淋巴细胞（3、5Gy）后，二者的粘附特性分别发生了明显的改变，表现为二种细胞间的粘附数量明显增多。结论：电离辐射作用下微循环的损伤性变化可能与内皮细胞和淋巴细胞的粘附特性改变有关。