1 316名企业员工血脂水平现状及其预防对策

目的探讨郑州市企业员工的血脂水平、分布特征和变化规律,为预防血脂异常提出有效建议.方法对1316名在我所门诊部体检的企业员工,测定空腹甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(CHO)水平,并分析血脂水平与年龄、性别之间的关系.结果1316名受检者中血脂异常者466名,异常率高达35.41%.其中男性异常者368名,异常率为41.87%,女性异常者98名,异常率为22.43%,男女之间异常率比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05),男女升高均以TG为主;各年龄段的男女员工均有不同程度的血脂异常率,TG异常率在50岁以前男性高于女性(P＜0.01),以后男女异常率无明显差异.CHO异常率在40～49岁男性高于女性(P＜0.01),其他各年龄段男女均无明显差异.混合性血脂异常率在40～49岁男性高于女性(P＜0.01),50岁以后女性高于男性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论本市企业员工血脂水平显著高于本地区的平均血脂水平.并针对本地企业员工的血脂水平以TG升高为主的特征开展血脂异常防治工作.     

湖南省18岁及以上居民平均血脂水平及血脂异常分布特征研究

目的研究湖南省城乡不同地区居民血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平及血脂异常分布特征。方法采用酶法对1684名18岁及以上调查对象空腹血浆血脂进行检测。结果湖南省18岁及以上成人血浆TC、TG和HDL-C水平分别为4.01、0.94和1.43mmol/L;其中城市和农村成人TC、TG、HDL-C水平分别为4.61、1.11、1.5和3.86、0.91、1.41mmol/L。18~44岁、45~59岁和≥60岁人群血浆TC平均水平分别为3.78、4.15和4.34mmol/L;血浆TG平均水平分别为0.88、0.94和1.12mmol/L;血浆HDL-C平均水平分别为1.42、1.48和1.38mmol/L。湖南省18岁及以上成人血脂异常患病率为15.6%,18~44岁、45~59岁和≥60岁人群的患病率分别为10.8%、15.1%和28.3%;城市为28.2%,农村为12.3%。全省18岁及以上成人高胆固醇血症患病率为4.1%,胆固醇边缘性升高率为3.8%;高甘油三酯血症患病率为10.9%;低高密度脂蛋白血症患病率为2.9%。结论本次调查结果首次提供了有代表性的湖南省人群血脂水平的数据。城市成年人TC、TG水平高于农村;随着年龄的增长,血浆TC、TG水平升高;18岁及以上人群血脂异常以高甘油三酯血症为主;中、老年人血脂异常患病率较高,特别是老年人。血脂异常已是威胁人民健康的重要危险因素;做好人群早期综合防治工作十分重要。     

郑州地区服务行业1356例健康成人体检者血脂水平调查研究

目的:通过郑州地区服务行业血脂水平调查,了解其血脂异常流行率。方法:检测1356名服务行业血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),统计不同年龄、性别的血脂异常流行率。结果:1356名查体者血脂异常率18.65%,年龄、性别间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:本地区服务行业血脂水平异常率略高于全国平均水平,男性高于女性,血脂异常检出率随年龄增加而增高,但51岁～60岁年龄组低于41岁～50岁年龄组。     

延安市在岗人群血脂分布特征及其与高血糖高血压的关系

目的 分析延安市在岗人群的血脂分布特征及其与高血糖、高血压的关系,为慢性病防治提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样,对2480名在岗人员进行问卷调查和测量血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、血糖、血压等.按不同因素分组后进行描述、组间比较和计算RR值.结果 TG平均水平(2.06±1.32) mmol/L、TC平均水平(4.49±0.96)mmol/L,血脂异常检出率54.64％(标准化率51.87％)均高于全国平均水平和国内部分地区研究结果.HTG检出率(50.81％)明显高于HTC检出率(18.89％).标准化血脂异常率男性(63.08％)显著高于女性(42.40％) (x2=220.92,P＜ 0.01).TG和TC水平都与年龄有关,男性在30岁组开始增高,女性在50岁组开始显著增高.50岁以前各年龄组TG和TC水平均是男性高于女性,50岁以后女性显著高于男性.血脂异常患高血糖、高血压的危险是血脂正常的2.97～6.02倍和3.16～5.37倍;相同血脂指标水平升高对女性的危险性高于对男性的;男性在40岁以后危险性更高,女性在50岁以前危险性更高.结论 延安市在岗人员中男性的血脂水平和血脂异常率都在全国处于高水平.血脂异常时显著增高了患高血糖、高血压的危险性.提示全社会、有关部门应该对该人群进行更广泛,更早期的调脂干预.     

某事业单位2010-2014年在职职工血脂水平及动态分析

目的探讨事业单位职工血脂水平及动态分布状况,建议对血脂异常人群进行有效干预,预防心脑血管病的发生。方法选取某事业单位2010-2014年在职职工血脂检测结果,用SPSS 19.0软件对总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)进行回顾性分析。结果职工血脂四项比较,TG异常率较高为28.89%(P0.01),TC、HDL-C、LDL-C的异常率2014年均高于往年,LDL-C具有统计学意义(P0.01);血脂四项异常率男性均高于女性,TC、TG、HDL-C均具有统计学意义(P0.01);血脂异常率随年龄的增大而升高,51~60岁年龄组血脂异常率明显高于其他年龄组(P0.01);职工吸烟、饮酒率男性均高于女性,日常锻炼率男性均低于女性,均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该单位职工血脂异常率较高,以TG异常升高为主,建议对血脂异常人群进行有效干预,预防心脑血管病的发生。     

北京地区健康人血脂水平和血脂谱现状调查

目的:调查北京地区人群血脂水平和血脂谱现状,为血脂水平划分和血脂异常防治提供客观依据。方法:生活水平较好的男性1752例,女性761例为调查对象,从20～90岁,每10岁1个年龄组各分为7组。按血脂测定标准化方法测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)4项血脂水平。结果:TC水平最高男性为5.30mmol/L、女性为5.99mmol/L,高水平年龄在71～80岁;TG水平最高男性为1.87mmol/L,女性为1.77mmol/L,年龄在41～70岁;HDL-C最低水平为1.25mmol/L,各年龄段均在合适水平;LDL-C最高男性为3.46mmol/L,女性为3.78mmol/L,年龄在71～80岁。健康人异常脂蛋白血症发生率(按我国“血脂异常防治建议”血脂水平划分方案划分)为TC36.7%,TG31.22%,HDL-C2.84%,LDL-C12.68%。结论:健康人TC、HDL-C、LDL-C整体水平与90年代相似;TG水平比90年代明显增高。血脂谱以异常高TC占首位,依次为TG、LDL-C、HDL-C。高TG血症发生率(31.22%)与高TC血症发生率(36.7%)相差不多,应重视高TG血症防治。建议人群血脂水平为TC:合适水平<5.72mmol/L;边缘升高5.72～6.24mmol/L;危险水平>6.24mmol/L。TG:合适水平<2.00mmol/L;边缘升高2.00～3.39mmol/L;危险水平>3.39mmol/L。HDL-C:>1.04mmol/L为安全水平;<0.     

某高校职工体检血脂分析

目的了解某高校职工血脂异常的发生情况,并探讨血脂异常的年龄、性别分布情况。方法 715名职工空腹采集静脉血测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,将血脂检查结果按年龄及性别进行分析。结果男性血脂异常125例,女性血脂异常84例,男女50岁组血脂异常检出率最高,60岁以后男女血脂异常检出率未见明显增加;30岁组和40岁组男性血脂异常率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他年龄组男女血脂异常率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血脂异常率随着年龄增长而增高,并有年轻化趋势,定期血脂检查,便于及早采取干预措施,有助于预防心脑血管疾病的发生。     

长沙地区铁路职工血脂异常流行现状分析

目的了解长沙地区铁路职工血脂水平,分析血脂异常流行特征,为制定血脂异常防控策略提供参考依据。方法收集2016年长沙地区14个铁路单位所有参加健康体检的15 735名铁路职工的体检资料,对不同特征人群的血脂水平、血脂异常流行特征进行分析。用SPSS 19.0软件和Excel 2007软件进行统计分析,计量资料两组间的比较用t检验,多组间比较用方差分析,患病率与年龄关系用趋势χ~2检验,计数资料的比较用χ~2检验。结果长沙地区铁路职工甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平分别为(2.12±1.81)、(4.93±1.33)和(1.32±0.40)mmol/L,男性TG、TC水平高于女性,而HDL-C水平低于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男女性不同年龄组之间TG、TC、HDL-C水平均呈随年龄增长而升高的趋势(P<0.01),且TG、TC水平随年龄增长而升高的趋势较HDL-C水平明显。男性TG水平在40~岁达到峰值,女性在50~岁达到峰值。而男女性TC水平均在50~岁达到峰值。调查人群中血脂异常者9 366例,患病率为59.52%,患病率随着年龄增长呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=475.02,P<0.01),男性血脂异常率为64.42%,高于女性(43.44%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。血脂异常临床类型以混合型高脂血症为主,占48.79%;男女性血脂异常类型差异明显:女性以高TC血症为主(40.60%),男性以混合型高脂血症为主(52.11%)。结论长沙地区铁路职工血脂异常患病率高,年轻化趋势明显,应引起重视、加强血脂异常的防治工作。     

南京市建邺区11018例居民血脂水平及血脂异常特点分析

目的了解南京市建邺区居民血脂水平及患病特点,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,调查该地区11 018名18岁以上常住居民血脂水平,分析不同年龄、性别人群血脂异常情况。结果建邺区居民总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)平均水平分别为(4. 86±1. 01) mmol/L、(1. 60±1. 39) mmol/L、(1. 36±0. 43) mmol/L、(2. 89±0. 80) mmol/L;居民血脂异常患病率为57. 09%,男性为60. 77%,女性为53. 91%,男性血脂异常患病率高于女性(χ2=52. 54,P <0. 01),男性血脂异常以高TG(35. 76%)为主,女性以高TC(37. 41%)为主;18~34岁及35~59岁年龄组分别以高TG、TC为主,≥60岁年龄组均以高TC为主,血脂异常患病风险随着年龄增长而增高。结论南京市建邺区成年居民血脂异常患病率较高,且与年龄、性别相关,男女及各年龄段血脂异常分布有所不同,应根据人群血脂异常种类特点采取有针对性的降脂和用药方法,降低血脂异常患病风险,提高当地居民健康水平。     

大理市职工血脂异常现状调查

[目的]评估血脂水平及血脂异常流行特征,指导血脂异常防治。[方法]调查本市在职和离退休干部职工10736人,检测不同性别、年龄组空腹TC和TG水平。[结果]TC均值(4.86±0.39)mmol/L,男性(4.84±0.43)mmol/L,女性(4.89±0.45)mmol/L,50岁以上明显上升。TG均值(1.72±0.45)mmol/L,男性(1.86±0.50)mmol/L,女性(1.55±0.52)mmol/L。高TC血症患病率8.5%;20～49岁组3.2%～6.3%,≥50岁组12.5%～19.6%。高TG血症患病率24.7%;男性30.1%,女性17.8%,女性20～39岁组6.3%～6.9%,低于相应年龄组男性。[结论]大理市职工血脂水平与血脂异常患病率均较高,血脂异常以TG升高为主;50岁以上是TC上升防治的重点人群。     

学龄前儿童血清脂质和脂蛋白胆固醇的研究

<正> 目前世界各国的研究表明,冠心病和高血压常始于儿童、少年时期,虽然临床症状一直到成年尚未出现,但经常在20岁前可获得心血管疾病的证据。血浆脂质和脂蛋白与动脉粥样硬化关系密切,是引起冠心病的危险因素。为了研究它的机制及在生命早期开始预防,我们在健康的学龄前儿童中测定了血清脂质及脂蛋白胆固醇。 一、材料与方法 1.受试者:1～8岁武汉地区健康学龄前儿童366例(男性190例,女性176例)。病史及临床检查证明为健康或无明显疾病者。     

C-Reactive protein and lipid parameters in older persons aged 80 years and older

Objectives  Aims of the study were 1) to investigate the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) with lipid (i.e. total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) concentrations, and to evaluate their predictive value for mortality in very old subjects. Design  Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in a prospective cohort study. Setting  Participants. Data are from 336 community-dwelling subjects aged ≥80 years old enrolled in the “Invecchiamento e Longevità nel Sirente” (ilSIRENTE) study. Measurements  High sensitivity CRP and lipid concentrations were measured at the baseline clinical visit. High sensitivity CRP concentrations were measured by ELISA assessment. Mortality outcome was evaluated over a 24-month follow-up. Results  Participants had a mean age of 85.8 (SD 4.8) years old. Spearman’s correlations showed significant (p values <0.01) inverse correlations between CRP and lipid parameters (except triglycerides). Adjusted linear regressions between CRP and lipid parameters concentrations showed no significant association in participants aged lower than 85 years old (all p values >0.5). In the older age group, significant inverse associations of CRP with total (p=0.002), LDL (p=0.007), and HDL cholesterol (p=0.002) were found, even after adjustment for potential confounders. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models demonstrated that CRP was the only biomarker significantly predictive of mortality, independently of age and lipid parameters. Conclusion  An inverse relationship of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol with CRP is present in very old persons. The prognostic value of CRP is particularly important among very old persons whereas lipid parameters tend to lose their capacity to predict events.     

Unscrambling the research: Eggs, serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease

The role of dietary cholesterol in raising plasma cholesterol levels has been debated over the past 25 years. Consequently, eggs, as a food high in dietary cholesterol, have been targeted as a food to limit when advising patients on a diet to lower serum cholesterol levels. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the literature to address the effects of dietary cholesterol from eggs on serum cholesterol levels and risk of coronary heart disease. An increase in dietary cholesterol from eggs by 100 mg daily, equivalent to half a medium egg or three to four eggs a week, results in an increase of approximately 0.05 mmol/L in LDL cholesterol. Adding 100 mg of cholesterol per day (equivalent to three to four eggs a week) to a high saturated fat diet caused an increase in LDL cholesterol of 0.061 ± 0.006 mmol/L, whereas adding the same quantity of cholesterol to a low saturated fat diet caused an increase in LDL cholesterol of only 0.036 ± 0.004 mmol/L (P = 0.03). Despite the small increase in LDL‐cholesterol levels with increasing egg intake, most epidemiological studies have shown little or no association between egg intake and risk of coronary heart disease. However, the impact of dietary cholesterol for people with type 2 diabetes has been poorly studied. In conclusion, in a healthy Western population, there is insufficient evidence to excessively restrict egg intake as part of a healthy diet. Eggs should be considered in a similar way as other protein‐rich foods and selected as part of a varied diet that is low in saturated fat and contains a variety of cardio‐protective foods such as fish, wholegrains, fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts.     

Transferring community-based interventions to new settings: a case study in heart health cholesterol testing from urban USA to rural Australia

Health promoters wishing to successfully replicate community-basedheart health interventions from major research and demonstrationprograms, face numerous obstacles in the adoption process. Unfortunately,there is little specific literature to guide them through theprocess. A case study is presented to demonstrate that by closelyexamining differences between the resources and user settingsin terms of geography, socio-demography, policy, organizationalstructure and perceived goals, health promoters can identifyand avoid failure points. We examine the transfer and adaptionof a cholesterol intervention from Pawtucket Heart Health Programin urban USA to a rural setting in Australia and we recommenda series of five logical steps when considering such adoptions.Process data from the adapted intervention, North Coast CholesterolCheck campaign, indicates that it is as successful as its counterpartin the USA. The new intervention his itself become a model programin Australia. This success can be largely attributed to theconsiderable planning effort which made it possible to modifythe organizational structure to accept an innovative strategyand also to tailor the resource program for an ideal fit tothe new user setting.     

螺旋藻对大鼠血脂水平的影响

以０．３７５、０．７５和１．５ｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ３个剂量的螺旋藻、给予喂饲实验性高脂血症模型的大鼠灌胃４周，在第１４天和２８天检测动物血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ和ＨＤＬ—Ｃ值。结果表明：高剂量组可使血清ＴＣ值降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），中、高剂量组可明显降低ＴＧ值，升高ＨＤＬ—Ｃ的含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示螺旋藻具有明显的调节血脂的作用，对防止心血管疾病具有良好的效果。     

CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS IN THE BABOON

Hepatic synthesis apparently contributes about three-fourths of the total endogenous cholesterol synthesized in baboons fed a low cholesterol diet. Absorption of dietary cholesterol in an amount equivalent to normal hepatic synthesis produces almost complete inhibition of hepatic synthesis but has little effect on total non-hepatic synthesis of cholesterol.     

植物甾醇酯降胆固醇作用的人体干预实验研究

目的通过临床实验,研究植物甾醇酯能否有效改善人群血脂中甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白指标。方法按照严格的纳入标准和排除标准募集志愿者,并对志愿者进行知情同意的告知,同时进行基本情况调查和血脂四项指标检查,进行干预实验2个月后,进行第二次血脂4项指标检查,对两次血脂4项指标通过SPSS13.0进行相关统计学分析。结果此次临床实验研究共有102名志愿者,通过对4项血脂指标的在实验前后变化的比较,总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白3项指标在实验前后的变化有统计学意义,甘油三酯在实验前后的变化无统计学意义。结论植物甾醇酯能有效降低血脂中总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白,升高高密度脂蛋白的作用,对甘油三酯无效。     

Family history of cancer related to cholesterol level in young adults

Cancer family history was quantified in 229 subjects (122 female, 107 male) screened for total serum cholesterol as seventh graders in 1972-1973 and repeated nine years later as young adults. Division of the subjects on the basis of cholesterol quintile resulted in significantly lower cancer family history scores in participants with persistently low total serum cholesterol levels and a significant excess of cancer mortality in parents and grandparents of young adult males with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the upper quintile. A trend toward increased cancer in families of young adults who were smokers was independent of the cholesterol levels. It is suggested that such a quantification of family history score will be more useful than simply designating the family history as positive or negative in future modeling schemes for predicting risk.     

长期饮用淡化海水对大鼠血脂影响

目的 观察长期饮用淡化海水对大鼠血脂的影响,为淡化海水利用提供依据。方法 120只Wistar大鼠随机分为淡化海水组(饮用淡化海水)、对照组(饮用市政自来水),连续12个月;分别于大鼠饲养初始及3、6、12个月时采集血液样品,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HLD-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量。结果 观察期间淡化海水组大鼠一般状态及饮食饮水状况均正常,与对照组比较,淡化海水组大鼠体重无明显变化; 6个月时,淡化海水组雌性大鼠血清TC、HDL-C、LDL-C含量[分别为(1.52±0.18)、(0.90±0.14)、(0.17±0.03)mmol/L]高于对照组(P<0.05),淡化海水组雄性大鼠血清TC、HDL-C[分别为(1.82±0.24)、(0.901±0.14)mmol/L]低于对照组(P<0.05);12个月时,淡化海水组雌性大鼠血清TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C[分别为(2.01±0.63)、(1.20±0.30)、(0.71±0.11)、(0.15±0.03)mmol/L]明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 长期饮用淡化海水对大鼠一般生长发育无明显影响,对雌性大鼠血脂水平具有一定影响。     

Chitooligosaccharides decreases plasma lipid levels in healthy men

Chitosan, which is derived from chitin, has drawn much attention due to its low toxicity and potential use in medical and pharmaceutical applications. The biological activities of chitosan have been shown to depend on its molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation. In this study, we investigated whether oral chitooligosaccharides, which are easily absorbed into the body, can reduce the plasma level of lipid in smokers and non-smokers because smoking is a high-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. All healthy men (11 smokers and 8 non-smokers) consumed 500 mg of chitooligosaccharides in water twice daily before a meal (breakfast and dinner) over a 6-week period. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in both the smoker group and non-smoker group when compared with baseline. These results suggest that low MW chitooligosaccharides would be an effective dietary supplement for lowering cholesterol level.