MARS人工肝治疗重型肝炎的临床研究

探讨MARS人工肝对慢性重型肝炎的疗效对30例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者在MARS人工肝治疗前后测定肝、肾功能、电解质、血氨及血常规.治疗后临床症状明显改善,肝功能总胆红素、直接胆红素明显下降,肾功能血肌酐和尿素氮清除率显著,肝性脑病清醒率75%,MARS人工肝为顿挫病情、减少并发症、促进肝细胞再生以及进行肝移植赢得了宝贵的时间.     

MARS治疗重型肝损害病人的临床作用

目的：研究MARS人工肝治疗各种原因所致重型肝脏损害病人的临床改善作用。方法：对2002-05～2003-12重型肝损害病人20例进行的42次MARS治疗的有关资料进行分析。结果：MARS人工肝治疗后，病人临床症状明显改善，血清胆碱酯酶、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)上升；总胆红素、间接胆红素、胆质酸和血氨明显降低；肝性脑病和肾功能改善。院内存活率为65％，1年存活率为36．36％，半年存活率为54．55％。结论：MARS人工肝治疗能有效改善重型肝损害病人的多脏器功能，提高抢救存活率，为后续治疗创造条件。     

人工肝支持系统治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的临床观察

目的探讨人工肝支持系统对慢性乙型重型肝炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法对37例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者根据病情分别选择血浆置换、血浆置换联合持续血液滤过透析和分子吸附再循环系统3种人工肝支持方法进行86例次治疗,比较治疗前后患者临床症状、肝功能、肾功能、血氨、凝血功能等指标,判断临床疗效,观察不良反应,以同期住院的33例常规综合治疗患者为对照组。结果治疗后患者症状明显缓解,血清总胆红素治疗前424.33±120.67μmol/L,治疗后降至331.09±117.91μmol/L,总胆汁酸、血氨下降、凝血酶原时间缩短、凝血酶原活动度上升(P<0.01),不良反应主要为发热和皮疹,3例次治疗中出现明显血压下降,经对症处理能较快恢复,1例次MARS治疗结束时出现消化道出血。治疗组生存率为35.1%,高于对照组的21.2%(P<0.01)。结论人工肝支持系统能显著改善慢性乙型重型肝炎患者临床症状及生化指标,提高近期存活率。     

MARS治疗6例肝功能衰竭体会

目的本研究探讨分子吸附再循环系统（MARS）在6例急性肝衰竭和慢性基础上急性加重患者中应用的效果。方法6例患者包括毒蘑菇中毒、肝癌、败血症休克、慢性肝衰竭急性加重等，其肝功能均严重受损，检测指标包括血氨、血总胆红素、直接胆红素、血尿素氮、血肌酐、肝性脑病级别等。结果经单次MARS治疗后血氨均有所下降，血总胆红素下降17．6％～40．0％，血肌酐及尿素氮均有不同程度下降。结论MARS是一种有效的人工肝支持系统，血胆红素越高其清除效果越明显，但对肝癌的效果差，治疗败血症休克需联合其他血液透析方式。     

人工肝治疗重型肝炎的临床研究

探讨人工肝辅助治疗重型肝炎的疗效及其安全性。分析51例102次人工肝治疗前后重肝患者生化，血常规，凝血酶原活动度（PTa)，血氨和症状变化，观察治疗术中，术后出现的不良反应及术后生存率。人工肝术后10－72小时内症状改善显效率为89．5％。治疗前后白蛋白，血氨，血常规水平无显著性变化（P＞0．05），总胆红素，转氨酶，总胆汁酸水平显著下降（P＜0．01，0．005及0．001），胆固醇，PTa显著上升（P＜0．01及0．001）术后96小时胆红素反弹幅度约为前的60％。临床痊愈出院75％。术中及术后总并发症发生率为14．7%，其中最常见为皮肤瘙痒及荨麻疹（10．78％），其次为寒战发热及血压下降（1．96％），未出现致死性并发症。人工肝辅助治疗重型肝炎安全，可靠，疗效。     

肝功能衰竭：分子吸附再循环系统人工肝治疗急、慢性肝功能衰竭

急、慢性肝功衰竭分别为12及16例，均行分子吸附再循环系统（MARS）人工肝治疗共56例次，每次历时6～8h，每隔1～3天治疗1次。结果：单次治疗后总胆红素、结合胆红素、总胆汁酸分别较治前下降31．47％、29．15％和35．91％（均P〈0．01）；14例经2次以上治疗后较前下降75．70％、69．03％、55．30％。     

分子吸附再循环系统联合血浆置换治疗慢性重型肝炎56例临床分析

目的 研究应用分子吸附再循环系统(MARS)人工肝联合血浆置换治疗慢性重型肝炎的疗效和经验。方法 56例慢性重型肝炎患者在综合内科治疗的基础上共进行96例次MARS人工肝治疗，72例次血浆置换。一次血浆置换量为3000ml。结果 经MARS人工肝联合血浆置换治疗后，患者的临床症状有不同程度的改善，肝功能明显好转，严重并发症的发生明显减少。56例患者中治愈好转39例，5例成功实施了肝脏移植，死亡12例，存活率为78．6％。结论 MARS人工肝联合血浆置换对于慢性重型肝炎是一种有效的辅助支持和治疗手段，并为肝脏移植提供过渡支持治疗。     

血浆置换治疗重型肝炎40例疗效分析

目的分析血浆置换治疗各种原因所致的重型肝炎的临床疗效。方法用血液净化人工肝支持系统对40例重型肝炎在综合治疗基础上进行血浆置换治疗。结果每次治疗后患者症状均有不同程度减轻，乏力、腹胀、睡眠、食欲明显改善，总胆红素明显下降，凝血酶原时间缩短。26例痊愈，14例死亡，治愈率65．0％。结论血浆置换治疗重型肝炎是一种有效的辅助支持和治疗手段。     

非生物人工肝联合肝移植治疗中晚期慢性重型肝炎

目的评价非生物人工肝支持系统（ALSS）联合肝移植治疗巾晚期慢性重型肝炎的临床应用价值。方法采用ALSS联合肝移植治疗28例中晚期慢性重型肝炎患者，观察治疗前后各项临床指标的变化与疗效，并就治疗后生存率与同期内科治疗组99例患者、内科联合ALSS治疗组30例患者比较。数据行t和x^2检验。结果28例患者共成功进行57次ALSS治疗，TBil、PT、胆汁酸、BUN、Cr、血氨等指标明显好转（P〈0．05），临床症状改善的中位时间为3d（1～153d）。28例均顺利完成肝移植术，等待到供肝的中位时间为20d（1～153d），术后3、6个月生存率（71．d％，71．4％）显著高于内科治疗组（18．2％，11．1％）和内科联合ALSS治疗组（36．7％，26．6％）（P〈0．01）。结论术前应用非生物人工肝治疗，可有效改善中晚期慢性重型肝炎患者的病情，为顺利过渡到肝移植发挥桥梁支持作用。人工肝联合肝移植是有效治疗中晚期慢性重型肝炎的可靠方法。     

分子吸附再循环治疗慢加急性肝衰竭疗效观察

目的观察分子吸附再循环系统(MARS)在慢加急性肝衰竭中的治疗作用。方法比较15例慢加急性肝衰竭患者MARS治疗前后肝、肾功能,血氨、凝血酶原活动度及Glasgow评分等指标。结果 MARS人工肝治疗后,患者体内的血清总胆红素水平较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但血清转氨酶、尿素氮、肌酐、凝血酶原活动度无显著变化(P0.05),治疗前后Glasgow评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MARS人工肝是一项安全的治疗措施,其对清除胆红素为代表的蛋白结合毒素效果明显,但并不能改善慢加急性肝衰竭患者肝性脑病的程度及总体预后,其意义在于为肝移植患者赢得时间。     

分子吸附循环系统治疗肝衰竭52例

目的 评价分子吸附循环系统(MARS)治疗重型乙型肝炎肝衰竭的疗效,并探讨其机理。 方法 应用MARS对重型乙型肝炎肝衰竭的患者在常规治疗的基础上进行每次6～8h的MARS治疗,治疗前后检测各种有毒物质的改变,并与血浆置换组、常规治疗组进行比较。 结果 52例重型乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者。经MARS治疗后,临床症状及体征明显改善,血胆红素、血氨、尿素氮、芳香氨基酸、内毒素、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子水平明显降低,治疗前后分别为(521.5±122.5)μmol/L和(360.1±81.2)μmol/L、(227.1±66.7)μg/ml和(105.0±42.0)μg/ml、(12.3±5.4)mmol/L和(6.4±2.4)mmol/L、(37.0±24.0)×10-3g/L和(23.0±16.0)×103g/L、(1.4±0.9)Eu/ml和(0.2±0.2)Eu/ml、(10.1±1.3)pg/ml和(5.7±1.0)pg/ml、(28.5±11.6)μg/ml和(1 7.9±7.8)μg/ml,t值为2.303～4.702,P<0.05或0.01。MARS与血浆置换在治疗后清除胆红素差异无显著性,而治疗后72 h血胆红素反跳,血浆置换组明显高于MARS组。总体存活率:MARS治疗组50％(26/52),血浆置换组45％(9/20),而常规治疗组存活率40.5％(17/42),MARS治疗组与常规治疗组相比较差异有显著性,u=3.024,P<0.01。 结论 MARS人工肝治疗肝衰竭,可明显提高其存活率,无明显不良反映。     

An Australian experience with the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (Mars)

The molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) is a form of artificial extracorporeal liver support which has the potential to remove substantial quantities of albumin-bound toxins postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of liver cell damage, hemodynamic instability and multi-organ failure in patients with acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure (AoCLF). We assessed the efficacy of MARS therapy in a cohort of patients with severe liver damage unresponsive to intensive medical therapy. MARS therapy was instituted late in the clinical course of six patients with severely impaired liver function refractory to intensive medical therapy, including four with AoCLF precipitated by sepsis and two with liver dysfunction due to sepsis in the absence of pre-existing chronic liver disease. Outcome measures included markers of hemodynamic stability, renal function, serum bilirubin and bile acid levels, arterial ammonia levels, the arterial ketone body (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate) ratio, hepatic encephalopathy grade and the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green. The rates of discharge from the intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality were determined. Our findings suggest that MARS treatment might be associated with some clinical efficacy even in patients with advanced multi-organ dysfunction occurring in the setting of severe liver damage and in whom treatment is instituted late in the clinical course. However, the overall survival rate (1/6; 17%) was poor. More data obtained from larger cohorts of patients enrolled in randomized controlled studies will be required in order to identify categories of liver failure patients who might benefit most from MARS treatment and to ascertain the most appropriate timing of intervention.     

血浆置换治疗慢性重型肝炎临床疗效观察

目的　观察人工肝支持系统血浆置换对慢性重型肝炎的疗效。方法　对 32例慢性重型肝炎患者给予血浆置换 59次。观察患者临床症状、肝肾功能、电解质、凝血酶原活动度(PTa)、血氨、血常规变化。结果　血浆置换后,患者临床症状均得到不同程度的改善。血浆总胆红素、直接胆红素、丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶、血氨较治疗前明显降低 (P<0 01或P<0 05 ),PTa上升 (P<0 05)。不良反应较轻。早期重症肝炎 7例全部存活(100% ),中期重症肝炎 15例中存活 10例(66 7% ),晚期重症肝炎 10例存活 3例(30% )。结论　血浆置换对早、中期慢性重症肝炎疗效较好。     

Pre-transplant optimization by Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System in patients with severely decompensated chronic liver disease.

BACKGROUND: The outcome of liver transplantation (LT) is influenced by the recipient's clinical condition. In a retrospective observational study, we evaluated the role of pre-LT Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) treatment in improving the clinical status and thereby the outcome of patients with chronic liver disease and severe hepatic decompensation. METHODS: Between March 2002 and September 2006, 70 patients with end-stage chronic liver disease underwent living-donor LT (LDLT). Of these, 9 (13%) patients with severely decompensated liver function (serum bilirubin> 350 micromol/L [20 mg/dL] and/or hepatic encephalopathy > or = grade 2) received pre-LT MARS treatment. RESULTS: The median MELD score was 33 (range, 26-47). A median of 2 (range, 1-6) sessions (8 hour/session) of MARS dialysis was performed per patient. MARS treatment was associated with reduction in serum bilirubin, creatinine and ammonia levels and no procedure-related complications. CONCLUSION: Pre-LT MARS is well tolerated and results in reduction of jaundice and improvement in renal function and may be useful in the management of patients with severe hepatic decompensation.     

Molecular adsorbent recirculating system treatment for patients with liver failure: the Hong Kong experience.

BACKGROUND: The molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is an extracorporeal liver dialysis system that allows selective removal of bilirubin and other albumin-bound toxins. We reported here our experience with the use of this technique for management of liver failure at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. METHODS: From December 2002 to 2004, a total of 74 MARS sessions were performed on 22 patients. The cause of liver failure included acute liver failure (n = 2), acute on chronic liver failure (n = 12), posthepatectomy liver failure (n = 4), and posttransplantation allograft failure (n = 4). RESULTS: MARS treatment showed significant reduction in total bilirubin level, serum ammonia level and blood urea, and nitrogen (P < 0.001 for all three parameters). Five patients (22.7%) were able to bridge to transplantation and one patient (4.5%) made a spontaneous recovery. The 30-day mortality rate was 72.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that MARS can effectively improve serum biochemistry and is suitable for temporarily supporting patients with liver failure where transplantation is not immediately available. There is, however, no clear evidence showing that MARS can increase survival, improve the chance of transplantation or assist liver regeneration. Future studies in the form of randomized-controlled trials are crucial to characterize the true potential of this treatment.     

血清总胆汁酸测定对急性、慢性肝炎诊断的价值

目的 探讨急性、慢性肝炎血清总胆汁酸（ＴＢＡ）测定的可能作用。方法 经肝穿刺活检病理证实为急性、慢性病毒性肝炎９２例，对ＴＢＡ含量进行了测定，并与ＡＬＴ及ＴＢｂｉｌ进行对比分析。结果 急性肝炎与慢性肝炎ＴＢＡ与正常组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ均〈０．００１），慢性肝炎轻、中、重型三组ＴＡＢＡ经Ｘ＾２和t检验，各组生差异（Ｐ〉 ０．０５）。结论 急性肝炎时ＴＢＡ检测与ＡＬＴ同样具有高度为敏性，在慢性肝炎ＴＢ     

Kinetics of 14C-glycocholic acid clearance in normal man and in patients with liver disease.

The plasma clearance of a tracer dose of 14C-glycocholic acid, and fasting total serum bile acid concentrations were measured in 14 control subjects and in 38 patients with acute and chronic liver disease. In controls plasma clearance was 415 +/- 24 ml min-1 m-2 (mean +/- SEM), equivalent to a 'first-pass' extraction by the liver of 85%. Clearance was not significantly different from controls in patients with acute hepatitis or active chronic hepatitis, nor in anicteric patients with primary biliary or alcoholic cirrhosis. Thus bile acid clearance was impaired only in icteric chronic liver disease. In contrast, serum bile acid concentrations were abnormal in all but seven patients, six of whom had active chronic hepatitis in complete biochemical remission. The pattern of plasma disappearance of injected 14C-glycocholic acid was biexponential in controls and patients with liver disease, and computer analysis of the curves suggested that there was significant distribution of bile acid outside the vascular space. The preservation of bile acid clearance in anicteric chronic liver disease confirms that it is dependent more on liver blood flow than on liver cell function.     

First clinical experience with Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) in six patients with severe acute on chronic liver failure

Despite recent advances in general supportive care, the mortality rate of patients with severe liver insufficiency remains high. Recently a new artificial liver support system MARS has been used for selective removal of albumin-bound toxins. Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of MARS treatment in patients with acute on chronic liver disease (n = 5) or liver failure after extended hepatic resection (n = 1). Design/Patients: Six patients, aged 34-58 years, with severe liver insufficiency (mean MELD-score 31 (range 24-35)) were treated one to 16 times with the MARS system. At baseline three patients were intubated, three were encephalopathic (HE) and three had multifactorial kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy. Results and Conclusion: In all the patients MARS treatment significantly reduced the serum bilirubin levels. In three patients encephalopathy improved. In two patients the extracorporeal treatment precipitated a disseminated intravascular coagulation with clinically significant bleeding. Bridging to liver transplantation was possible in one patient, the other five patients died 30 days (2-74 days) after starting MARS therapy. Our case series shows that MARS treatment in general can be safely performed in patients with severe liver disease. However, in patients with an activated clotting system severe bleeding complication can be triggered and MARS treatment should be used very cautiously in these situations. MARS seems to be a promising new treatment option for patients with acute on chronic liver failure. However, carefully conducted randomized controlled trials are necessary to define its potential place in the treatment of patients with severe liver disease.