Recurrent nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia after resection of iliac artery aneurysm

Received: June 9, 2000 / Accepted: February 2, 2001     

Atherosclerotic inferior mesenteric artery stenosis resulting in large intestinal hypoperfusion: A paradigm shift in the diagnosis and management of symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia

Symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia results from intestinal hypoperfusion and is classically thought to result from involvement of two or more mesenteric arteries. The celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery are most frequently implicated in this disease process, and their involvement usually results in symptoms of small intestinal ischemia. Symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia resulting predominantly from inferior mesenteric artery involvement has largely been overlooked but does gives rise to its own, unique clinical presentation with symptoms resulting from large intestinal ischemia. We present four patients with atherosclerotic inferior mesenteric artery stenosis with symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia that have unique clinical presentations consistent with large intestinal ischemia that resolved following percutaneous endovascular treatment of the inferior mesenteric artery stenosis. These cases represent a novel approach to the diagnosis and management of this disease process and may warrant a further subclassification of chronic mesenteric ischemia into chronic small intestinal ischemia and chronic large intestinal ischemia.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins: Rare case of ischemic colitis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease

Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins (IMHMV) is a rare and poorly understood ischemic colitis that occurs in the rectosigmoid colon of predominantly young, previously healthy, male patients. A 76‐year‐old Japanese man presented to our hospital with a 1‐year history of worsening diarrhea, lower abdominal pain, and weight loss (−6 kg). Laboratory evaluation revealed white blood cell count of 13 200/μL, C‐reactive protein level of 2.0 mg/dL (normal range, 0.0–0.3), and negative results for stool culture (including Clostridium difficile). Colonoscopy showed circumferential and edematous narrowing of the sigmoid colon with deep longitude ulceration. Biopsy was done and examination of the specimen demonstrated no specific ischemia. The patient was treated with bowel rest, antibiotics, and i.v. fluids; however, his symptoms worsened. Finally, sigmoidectomy was carried out. Histological examination demonstrated significant myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins leading to thickening and stenosis of the venous lumen. Therefore, the final diagnosis was IMHMV. Three months following sigmoidectomy, he was asymptomatic.     

Diagnosis of ruptured superior mesenteric artery aneurysm mimicking a pancreatic mass

Aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of the superior mesenteric artery are potentially lethal and should be treated as urgently as possible.In a 52-year-old man with occasional epigastric pain,we accidentally discovered a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm that was ruptured with spontaneous tamponade in the uncinate process and in the head of the pancreas.The ruptured aneurysm had a heterogeneous appearance due to its thrombotic and hemorrhagic content,and it simulated a voluminous mass in the head and uncinate p...     

肠系膜上动脉瘤合并梗阻性黄疸1例报道并文献复习

肠系膜上动脉瘤压迫导致梗阻性黄疸的病例非常罕见,治疗方式以手术为主。现报道我院收治的1例患者的治疗经过,供临床参考。     

Surgical management of peritonitis secondary to acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion

Diagnosis of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia in the early stages is now possible using modern computed tomography with intravenous contrast enhancement and imaging in the arterial and/or portal phase.Most patients have acute superior mesenteric artery(SMA)occlusion,and a large proportion of these patients will develop peritonitis prior to mesenteric revascularization,and explorative laparotomy will therefore be necessary to evaluate the extent and severity of intestinal ischemia,and to perform bowel resections.The establishment of a hybrid operating room in vascular units in hospitals is most important to be able to perform successful intestinal revascularization.This review outlines current frontline surgical strategies to improve survival and minimize bowel morbidity in patients with peritonitis secondary to acute SMA occlusion.Explorative laparotomy needs to be performed first.Curative treatment is based upon intestinal revascularization followed by bowel resection.If no vascular imaging has been carried out,SMA angiography is performed.In case of embolic occlusion of the SMA,open embolectomy is performed followed by angiography.In case of thrombotic occlusion,the occlusive lesion can be recanalized retrograde from an exposed SMA,the guidewire snared from either the femoral or brachial artery,and stented with standard devices from these access sites.Bowel resections and sometimes gall bladder removal due to transmural infarctions are performed at initial laparotomy,leaving definitive bowel reconstructions to a planned second look laparotomy,according to the principles of damage control surgery.Patients with peritonitis secondary to acute SMA occlusion should be managed by both the general and vascular surgeon,and a hybrid revascularization approach is of utmost importance to improve outcomes.     

肠系膜血管缺血外科诊治进展

肠系膜血管缺血(acute mesenteric ischemia,AMI)是潜在致命的血管性急腹症.死亡率很高,且发病率不断上升.形成AMI的原因是多样的,临床经过和预后取决于基础的病理状态.尽管对肠系膜缺血病理生理研究的深入和现代治疗方法上的改进,存活率没有显著的提高.AMI仍然存在诊断上的挑战,延误诊断会提高死亡率.临床表现在大多数病例没有特征性.当肠缺血迅速的发展为不可逆的肠坏死,随后出现严重的代谢紊乱,最后发展成为多器官功能不全以致死亡.及时地诊断和处理,快速有效地恢复肠系膜血流是改善预后的关键.     

肠系膜下动脉解剖分型在肠系膜下动脉结扎方式选择中的应用

目的探讨肠系膜下动脉（IMA）各种解剖分型及血管长度差异的相关因素，为结直肠癌低位结扎IMA提供参考。 方法前瞻性收集温州医科大学附属第一医院2019年7月至2020年4月因乙状结肠癌及直肠癌接受根治性手术治疗的患者的病例资料，术前使用增强CT对IMA进行重建，对IMA分型进行统计分析。并选取温州医科大学解剖教研室10具成人尸体，进行IMA解剖。 结果共纳入172例血管充盈可，重建效果佳的患者数据，纳入统计。按照Murono分型标准，其中Ⅰ型88例，Ⅱ型66例，Ⅲ型16例，Ⅳ型患者2例（不纳入后续统计分析）。170例患者中，IMA主干长（42.96±6.78）mm，体重是IMA主干长的主要影响因素（系数=0.253，P＜0.05），IMA主干长度=23.12+0.253×体重（R²=0.181）。体重每增加一个单位（kg），长度平均增加0.253个单位（mm）。 结论对IMA术前行增强CT可以了解IMA分型，有助于低位结扎位置的选择。可通过体重对IMA血管长度进行预估，从而选择最合适的血管处理方式。     

破裂小脑后下动脉瘤的血管内治疗效果分析

目的 评价血管内介入治疗破裂小脑后下动脉瘤的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性连续纳入2012年6月至2019年10月在皖南医学院弋矶山医院神经外科血管内治疗的39例破裂小脑后下动脉瘤患者,分析其临床及影像学资料.应用Raymond-Roy分级(R-R分级)评价即刻栓塞程度(Ⅰ级为动脉瘤完全栓塞,Ⅱ级为瘤颈残留,Ⅲ级为动脉瘤...     

Large Congenital Mesenteric Defect Presenting in an Adult

Congenital internal hernia is a rare cause of bowel obstruction in adults and often presents with complications. A high index of suspicion, occasionally aided by appropriate radiological imaging, should lead to early surgical intervention and thus reduce morbidity and mortality. We describe a case of a 27-year-old woman who presented with upper abdominal pain and nonspecific abdominal signs. Computed tomography showed features of bowel ischemia which prompted surgical intervention. On exploration, she was found to have a large mesenteric defect with herniating ileum and ascending colon. A segment of gangrenous small bowel was resected. The mesenteric defect was repaired and the bowel tacked down to prevent volvulus. The patient made an uneventful recovery.     

合并髂动脉病变的腹主动脉瘤腔内处理方案探讨

目的探讨合并髂动脉病变的腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的腔内处理方案。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2016年12月北京积水潭医院血管外科收治的AAA行腔内治疗的52例患者临床资料,包括性别、年龄、患者临床特点(冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)、股深动脉及股浅动脉通畅率,按照是否存在严重髂动脉病变将患者分为髂动脉通畅组和髂动脉狭窄或闭塞组,分别进行腔内治疗,并于术后接受抗凝、抗血小板治疗以防动脉粥样硬化。根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验或x~2检验(Fisher确切概率法)。结果 52例患者被分为髂动脉通畅组41例和髂动脉狭窄或闭塞组11例,其中通畅组髂动脉严重扭曲2例(3.8%,2/52),狭窄或闭塞组髂动脉狭窄9例(17.3%,9/52)及闭塞2例(3.8%,2/52),术前两组患者性别、年龄、患者临床特点(冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)、股深动脉及股浅动脉通畅率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均成功实施了AAA腔内修复(EVAR)术,其中通常组扭曲者通过特硬导丝纠正髂动脉成角后支架顺利通过,狭窄或闭塞组给予患侧或对侧球囊扩张或逆行开通股动脉进行扩张,支架最终顺利通过。随访了12~24个月,狭窄或闭塞组出现一侧髂动脉腿支的闭塞2例(P0.05),1例行右髂序贯放置髂腿支架1枚+双侧股动脉人工血管转流术,术后双下肢动脉供血良好。结论合并髂动脉病变会导致AAA腔内治疗困难,运用合理的手术技巧和器材的配合,AAA患者行EVAR术均可以获得成功,远期通畅率较好。     

Nomogram for predicting transmural bowel infarction in patients with acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND The prognosis of acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI) caused by superior mesenteric venous thrombosis(SMVT) remains undetermined and early detection of transmural bowel infarction(TBI) is crucial. The predisposition to develop TBI is of clinical concern, which can lead to fatal sepsis with hemodynamic instability and multi-organ failure. Early resection of necrotic bowel could improve the prognosis of AMI, however, accurate prediction of TBI remains a challenge for clinicians. When determining the eligibility for explorative laparotomy, the underlying risk factors for bowel infarction should be fully evaluated.AIM To develop and externally validate a nomogram for prediction of TBI in patients with acute SMVT.METHODS Consecutive data from 207 acute SMVT patients at the Wuhan Tongji Hospital and 89 patients at the Guangzhou Nanfang Hospital between July 2005 and December 2018 were included in this study. They were grouped as training and external validation cohort. The 207 cases(training cohort) from Tongji Hospital were divided into TBI and reversible intestinal ischemia groups based on the final therapeutic outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for TBI using the training data, and a nomogram was subsequently developed. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated with respect to discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness in the training and external validation cohort.RESULTS Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the following independent prognostic factors associated with TBI in the training cohort: The decreased bowel wall enhancement(OR = 6.37, P 0.001), rebound tenderness(OR = 7.14, P 0.001), serum lactate levels 2 mmol/L(OR = 3.14, P = 0.009) and previous history of deep venous thrombosis(OR = 6.37, P 0.001). Incorporating these four factors, the nomogram achieved good calibration in the training set [area under the receiver operator characteristic curve(AUC) 0.860; 95%CI: 0.771-0.925] and the external validation set(AUC 0.851; 95%CI: 0.796-0.897). The positive and negative predictive values(95%CIs) of the nomogram were calculated, resulting in positive predictive values of 54.55%(40.07%-68.29%) and 53.85%(43.66%-63.72%) and negative predictive values of 93.33%(82.14%-97.71%) and 92.24%(85.91%-95.86%) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Based on the nomogram, patients who had a Nomo-score of more than 90 were considered to have high risk for TBI. Decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful.CONCLUSION The nomogram achieved an optimal prediction of TBI in patients with AMI. Using the model, the risk for an individual patient inclined to TBI can be assessed, thus providing a rational therapeutic choice.     

不同支架应用方式对肠系膜上动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的作用及预后对比分析

目的:研究对比差异性支架应用方式对肠系膜上动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的作用及预后。方法:将从2012年1月至2018年1月期间,我院收治的60例肠系膜上动脉夹层动脉瘤患者作为研究对象。将其按照治疗方式的不同分为观察组28例与对照组32例。观察组采用覆膜支架血管腔内隔绝术治疗,对照组则采用裸支架血管腔内隔绝术治疗。分别比较两组各项手术指标(主要包括手术时间、术后重症监护停留时间、住院时间)水平,术后并发症控制效果,二期手术率、复发率以及术后28 d病死率。结果:观察组手术时间、术后重症监护停留时间、住院时间均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组二期手术率低于对照组(P<0.05);而观察组与对照组在复发率以及术后28 d病死率方面对比不明显(均P>0.05)。结论:覆膜支架血管腔内隔绝术应用于肠系膜上动脉夹层动脉瘤患者中的作用显著,有利于促进患者的早日康复,降低术后并发症发生风险以及二期手术率,且不会增加术后复发率与病死率,预后较佳,值得临床推广应用。     

Renal artery aneurysm treatment with coil embolization.

Renal artery aneurysm is a rare condition, but its incidence has increased through discovery because of improved imaging techniques. However, a therapeutic approach for renal artery aneurysm has not been established. We report the case of a 58-year-old female who had developed hypertension at 52 years of age and was under oral medication for this condition. In a medical check-up, a right renal artery aneurysm of 10 mm in diameter was detected by computed tomography (CT). Renal function was normal and there were no abnormalities in urinalysis; therefore, the patient was observed as an outpatient. Abdominal CT performed 9 months later revealed a saccular renal artery aneurysm of 15 mm in diameter with partial wall calcification and mild mural thrombus. Selective right renal arteriography detected a tumor with calcification, but no renal arterial stenosis or renal arteriovenous fistula. Since the aneurysm had enlarged, catheter treatment was selected to reduce the risk of rupture. A 6-Fr guide catheter was inserted into the right renal artery and the tip of a microcoil catheter was advanced into the aneurysm, which was then embolized with 12 microcoils. The absence of the aneurysm was confirmed using right renal arteriography. No complications occurred during or after embolization, and selective right renal arteriography performed 3 months later showed no change in the coil position or blood flow in the aneurysm, suggesting a good postoperative course. Our results suggest that this approach may generally be applicable for renal artery aneurysms, depending on the shape, size, and location of the aneurysm.     

Successful transcatheter arterial embolization of an inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm associated with celiac axis stenosis

A case of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) aneurysm associated with celiac axis stenosis was successfully treated using only transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). A 57-year-old woman was urgently referred to our hospital with sudden abdominal pain; computed tomography revealed retroperitoneal hematoma due to bleeding from an aneurysm around the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Selective angiography into the SMA showed an aneurysm derived from the IPDA posterior branch; the IPDA anterior branch was intact and contrast medium flowed into the common hepatic artery territory through the pancreatic arcade because of celiac axis stenosis. We subsequently performed TAE on the lesion. Arteriography after TAE showed that the aneurysm had disappeared and that the IPDA anterior branch was intact. She had no aneurysm recurrence for about two years after the treatment. We believe that TAE is effective even for a PDA aneurysm with celiac axis stenosis or occlusion. However, it is important to perform embolization precisely and over a long period.     

Large pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with Marfan syndrome

Pulmonary artery aneurysms are rare, and published data on the subject are limited. The first case of Marfan syndrome associated with a large pulmonary artery aneurysm complicated by pulmonary artery thrombi and pulmonary hypertension is described. Serial echocardiograms showed progressive dilation of the aneurysm, which reached a massive size of 90 mm. Cardiac catheterization, pulmonary angiography and computed tomography angiography were used in the preoperative evaluation. The patient died suddenly while awaiting a decision for surgical intervention, thereby underscoring the need for aggressive management.     

Superior mesenteric vein stenosis complicating Crohn's disease

BACKGROUND: Superior mesenteric vein stenosis as a consequence of mesenteric fibrosis, causing the development of small bowel varices, is an unrecognised association of Crohn's disease. CASE REPORTS: Two cases of gastrointestinal bleeding occurring in patients with Crohn's disease, and a third case, presenting with pain and diarrhoea, are described. In all three patients, visceral angiography showed superior mesenteric vein stenosis with dilatation of draining collateral veins in the small bowel. Overt gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anaemia resulting from mucosal ulceration is common in Crohn's disease, but acute or chronic bleeding from small bowel varices as a result of superior mesenteric vein stenosis due to fibrosis has not previously been reported.     

Right pulmonary artery occlusion secondary to a dissecting aortic aneurysm

This report describes a case of right pulmonary artery obstruction caused by a dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. Initial ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan revealed no perfusion to the right lung. Lack of right lung perfusion plus other clinical abnormalities led to an initial diagnosis of massive embolism in the right lung. Bilateral pulmonary arteriography of the thoracic and abdominal aorta revealed extrinsic compression of the right pulmonary artery near its origin and the suggestion of an ascending aortic dissection. Subsequent ascending aortography and computed tomography (CT) confirmed a dissection of the ascending aorta. Aortography in the true lumen of the aorta revealed trivial aortic insufficiency. These diagnostic procedures confirmed the presence of an acute dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta that caused compression of the right pulmonary artery. The finding of a massive unilateral segmental defect with normal ventilation upon lung scanning does not always ensure a diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolus. Patient presentation with massive unilateral perfusion defect merits further evaluation with pulmonary arteriography.     

Endovascular treatment of a ruptured vertebral dissecting aneurysm associated with double‐origin posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Untreated, ruptured vertebral dissecting aneurysms are associated with high incidences of rebleeding and consequent mortality. Double‐origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is an infrequent congenital variation, which showing predilection for the formation of intracranial aneurysm. We describe an endovascular approach toward the treatment of a ruptured vertebral dissecting aneurysm associated with double‐origin PICA. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Portal vein aneurysm in the liver associated with multiple vascular malformations

Portal vein aneurysm (PVA) includes focal dilatation of the portal vein, and was formerly thought to be a rare disease. We report a 46-year-old man with chronic aggressive hepatitis and intrahepatic portal vein ancurysm communicating with the hepatic vein. Hemangiomas in the liver and intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) were also found. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of PVA in a patient with congenital intracranial AVM. As the PVA in this patient communicated with the hepatic vein, and as hemangiomas in the liver and intracranial AVM were also present, the pathogenesis in this patient seems to have been congenital anomaly of the vasculature.